高考必备高中英语语法通霸虚拟语气.docx
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高考必备高中英语语法通霸虚拟语气.docx
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高考必备高中英语语法通霸虚拟语气
第十二章虚拟语气
英语动词可有三种不同的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
1.陈述语气:
陈述一个事实,或提出一个看法,有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
Myfavoritesportisswimming.
Diditrainalldayyesterday?
Whatagoodboyheis!
2.祈使语气:
表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。
Becareful!
Don’tforgettoclosethewindow.
Let’sgototheparkthisSunday.
3.虚拟语气:
表示说话人所说的话不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、建议、怀疑或推测。
IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglishharder.(表假设)
Iwisheveryfamilyhadahouseoftheirown.(表愿望)
Thedoctoradvisedthathe(should)takeexerciseregularly.(表建议)
Itissurprisingthatheshouldbesuchafoolishman.
他竟然这么愚蠢,真是令人吃惊!
(表感到意外)
Hecan’thavearrived,forhiscarbrokedownontheway.
他不可能已经到了,因为他的车坏在路上。
(推测)
第1讲用相应的过去时态表示“愿望”
考点1.wish之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气
hope后面跟宾语从句时,只能用陈述语气:
Ihopeyouwillhaveagoodtripthere.
wish后面跟从句时只能用虚拟语气,表示“愿望”,与事实相反。
本来是一般现在时的,要用成一般过去时;本来是一般过去时的,要用成过去完成时。
①IwishIrememberedtheaddress.
②Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.
③Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.
1.【2002上海】HowIwisheveryfamily______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
2.【2011北京】—Wherearethechildren?
Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.
—Iwishthey______alwayslate.
A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeen
C.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen
3.IwishI______youyesterday.
A.sawB.didsee
C.hadseenD.weretosee
4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI______there.
A.wasB.were
C.hadbeenD.went
考点2.ifonly
onlyif表示“只有”;ifonly则表示“如果……就好了”。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.
只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung.
要是闹钟响了就好了!
表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态。
ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradvice,thingswouldn’thavegonesowrong.
5.【2003上海春】LookatthetroubleIamin!
IfonlyI______youradvice.
A.followedB.wouldfollow
C.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow
6.IfonlyGrandmother______thistogetherwithusnow.
A.willseeB.couldsee
C.mustseeD.shouldsee
7.Iwouldgetitforyou______Icouldrememberwholastborrowedit.
A.onconditionthatB.exceptthat
C.ifonlyD.consideringwhether
考点3.It’s(high/about)timethat…
Itis(high/about)timethat后谓语用过去式或“should+动词原形(should不能省略)”表示“愿望”,含有抱怨或批评之意,意为“早就该做某事了”。
Itistimethatthegovernmenttookaction.
Itisabouttimethatthegovernmenttookaction.
Itishightimethatthegovernmenttookaction.
Itis(abouthigh)timethatthegovernmentshouldtakeaction.
但不可说Itishightimethatthegovernmenttakeaction.因为should不能省略。
8.Itishightimethechild______tothehospital.
A.issentB.wouldbesent
C.besentD.wassent
9.Isn’titabouttimethatyou______topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
A.goneB.shouldgo
C.goD.willgo
10.Itistimethatthegovernment______measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.
A.takesB.took
C.hastakenD.taking
11.【2012辽宁】Jackisagreattalker.It’shightimethathe______somethinginsteadofjusttalking.
A.willdoB.hasdoneC.doD.did
考点4.wouldrather后跟从句时
wouldrather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气。
表示与现在或将来相反的愿望时,从句用一般过去时。
I’dratheryoucamenextSaturday.
我宁愿你下星期六来。
I’drathershesatnexttome.
我宁愿她挨着我坐。
表示与过去相反的愿望时用过去完成时。
I’dratherIhadn’tsaidit.
我真希望我没有这样说过。
12.—Shallwegotothemovietonight?
—No,I’drather______athomewithourbaby.You’dbetternotleaveittothebabysitteratnight.
A.youstayedB.youstay
C.stayedD.stay
13.Frankly,I’dratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
A.doB.don’tdo
C.didn’tdoD.willnotdo
14.【2010江苏】Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe______moreonitsculture.
A.focusB.focused
C.wouldfocusD.hadfocused
写作专练1.用相应的过去时态来表达“愿望”
(P.234)
第2讲用虚拟条件句表“假设”
条件句有两类,一类是真实条件句,一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的,就是真实条件句。
真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,wewillgotothepark.
如果明天不下雨,我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的,或将来不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。
Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhaveaskedyouaboutit.
如果他昨天见到你,他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你,因此也未能问你这件事。
)
虚拟条件句分三种情况:
与现在相反,与过去相反,与将来相反。
其从句和主句的谓语形式如下:
时间
if条件句
主句
过去
haddone
would/should/could/mighthavedone
现在
did(were)
would/should/could/mightdo
将来
①shoulddo②weretodo③did(were)
would/should/could/mightdo
注:
would,should,could与might的选择:
1一般常用would,如同在真实条件句中主句常要用will一样。
常译作“将、就会”。
如:
IfIknewhim,Iwouldaskhimforhelp.如果我认识他的话,我就会向他求助。
2should在虚拟条件句中用得最少,现在几乎不用。
可能是因为在陈述语气中第一人称后面可以用shall,所以在虚拟语气中,理论上讲,第一人称后也可用should。
但在现代英语中,特别是美语中,人们常说:
I’llgohome.或Iwillgohome.但很少人说Ishallgohome.因此,在虚拟条件句中,should也很少用。
3could用于虚拟条件句中时,有“能够,可能”之意。
如:
Ifyouhadcomebackalittleearlier,youcouldhaveseenityourself.
如果你回来得再稍早一点,你就可能亲眼目睹这件事了。
4might用于虚拟条件句时,常译作“或许”,表示可能性有,但不敢肯定。
如:
IfIhadbeenthere,Imighthavequarreledwithhim.如果我当时在场的话,我或许会和他吵起来。
考点1.表示与现在事实相反
IfIknewGerman,Iwouldreadthebookintheoriginal.
1.Ifit______sohard,we’dgototown.
A.isn’trainingB.weren’training
C.doesn’trainD.hasrain
2.Iftherewerenowaterintheworld,everything______.
A.willdieB.woulddie
C.wouldhavediedD.wouldhavebeendead
3.We’resaferinatrainthanwewouldbeifwe______anyotherway.
A.traveledB.hadtraveled
C.travelD.havetraveled
4.—Whydon’tyouexplainittoher?
—I______ittoherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.
A.wouldexplainB.willexplain
C.explainD.wouldhaveexplained
5.【2012湖南】Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI______
time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.
A.havehadB.hadhad
C.haveD.had
考点2.表示与过去事实相反
Youwouldn’thavecaughtacoldifyouhadputonmoreclothes.
6.IfI______you,I______toAustraliawithMr.Smith.
A.hadbeen;wouldgo
B.were;hadgone
C.were;wouldhavegone
D.am;willgo
7.【2010湖南】Ifhe______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.
A.followedB.shouldfollow
C.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow
8.【2012山东】Ifwe______adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.
A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmake
C.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade
9.【2013重庆】—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.
—Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe______.
A.hadn’tB.haven’tC.didn’tD.don’t
10.【2013江苏】IshouldnothavelaughedifI______youwereserious.
A.thoughtB.wouldthink
C.hadthoughtD.havethought
考点3.表示对将来发生情况的怀疑或实现的可能性很小
11.Whatwouldwedoifit______tomorrow?
A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnow
C.snowD.willsnow
12.【2009天津】Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit______breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.
A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might
13.Thevolleyballmatchwouldbeputoffifit______tomorrow.
A.willrainB.rains
C.rainedD.israined
14.Supposingthisship______,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?
A.wassinkingB.hassunk
C.weretosinkD.sunk
15.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WasheleavingB.Ifheisleaving
C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves
16.【2012安徽】Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshe______there,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
A.livesB.wouldlive
C.haslivedD.weretolive
考点4.should有“万一”之意
在与现在相反的虚拟条件句中,从句谓语有三种形式,其中一种为“should+动词原形”,主要是因为should有“万一”之意,表示一件事听起来可能性很小,但也不是完全没有可能。
if条件从句谓语由should加动词原形构成时,主句谓语有用虚拟语气的也有不用虚拟语气的。
Askhertoringmeupifyoushouldseeher.
你万一见到她,请让她给我打个电话。
should还常用在forfearthat,incase(以防),lest(以防)等引导的状语从句中。
17.Heisworkinghardforfearthathe______topasstheexam.
A.failsB.mayfail
C.shouldfailD.wouldfail
18.Hedoesn’tdaretoleavethehouseincase______.
A.hewillrecognizeB.heshouldberecognized
C.heisrecognizedD.herecognize
19.Thedriverlookedovertheenginecarefullylestit______ontheway.
A.breaksdownC.wouldbreakdown
B.brokedownD.shouldbreakdown
考点5.错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句却指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。
Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.
(过去——将来;错综时间虚拟条件句)
Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldbeherenow.
(过去——现在;错综时间虚拟条件句)
Iftheyhadstartedintheearlymorning,theywouldhavearrived.
(过去——过去;不是错综时间虚拟条件句)
20.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen
C.shouldfallD.weretofall
21.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you______allrightnow.
A.areB.were
C.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
22.【2013北京】Ifwe______atableearlier,wecouldn’tbestandinghereinaqueue.
A.havebookedB.booked
C.bookD.hadbooked
23.【2013天津】IfhehadspentmoretimepractisingspeakingEnglishbefore,he______abletospeakitmuchbetternow.
A.willbeB.wouldbe
C.hasbeenD.wouldhavebeen
考点6.if的省略
虚拟条件句中有were,had,should时,可把if省略,而把were,had,should放在主语前,用倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。
如:
Wereitnecessary,Imightresign.
Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheSummerPalace.
Weretheretobeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
HadIleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.
24.【2012浙江】Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,they______secondthoughts.
A.mayhaveB.couldhave
C.musthavehadD.mighthavehad
25.______whatwasgoingtohappen,Iwouldneverhaveleftheralone.
A.HadIknownB.IfIknow
C.IfIknewD.IfhadIknown
26.______today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft
C.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft
27.______thework,hewoulddoitsomeo
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