英国文学史及选读2复习大纲2.docx

英国文学史及选读2复习大纲2.docx

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英国文学史及选读2复习大纲2

《英国文学史及选读》第二册复习提纲

PartVII.THEROMANTICPERIOD

Introduction

●HistoricalBackground

Thepolitical&socialfactorsthatgaverisetotheRomanticMovementwerethethreerevolutions–theAmericanRevolution,theFrenchRevolutionandtheIndustrialRevolution.

●Intellectualbackground

Theshiftinliteraturefromemphasisonreasontoinstinct&emotionwasintellectuallypreparedforbyanumberofthinkersinthelaterhalfofthe18thcentury.RepresentativethinkersareRousseau,EdmundBurkeandThomasPaine.

●Term–Romanticism

（1）RomanticismisaliterarytrendfightingagainsttheideaofEnlightenment.ItprevailedinEnglandduringtheperiodof1798—1832.ItbeginswiththepublicationofLyricalBalladsbyWilliamWordsworthandSamuelTaylorColeridgeandendswithSirWalterScott’sdeath.

（2）Romanticismactuallyconstitutesachangeofdirectionfromattentiontotheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit.

（3）Inessence,itdesignatesaliterary&philosophicaltheory,whichtendstoseetheindividualastheverycenterofalllife&allexperience.

（4）Italsoplacestheindividualatthecenterofart,makingliteraturemostvaluableasanexpressionofhisorheruniquefeelings&particularattitudes,&valuingitsaccuracyinportrayingtheindividual’sexperiences.

●Term–LakePoetsorTheLakers

InEnglishliteratureitreferstosuchromanticpoetsasWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridgeandRobertSoutheywholivedintheLakeDistrict.

●Term—GothicNovel

Itisatypeofromanceverypopularinthe18thcenturyandatthebeginningofthe19thcentury.Itemphasizesthingswhicharegrotesque,violent,mysterious,supernatural,desolateandhorrifying.ItwasappliedbyHoraceWalpoletohisnovelTheCastleofOtranto.IthasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewritersoftheRomanticperiodwithitsdescriptionofthedark,irrationalsideofhumannature.GothicnovelhasexertedagreatinfluenceoverthewritersoftheRomanticperiod.WorkslikeTheMysteriesofUdolphobyAnnRadcliffeandFrankensteinbyMaryShelleyaretypicalGothicromance.

●RomanticAuthorsinEngland

（1）ThegloryoftheageisinthepoetryofWordsworth,Coleridge,Byron,Shelley,KeatsandSouthy.

（2）Ofitsproseworks,thoseofScottalonehaveattainedverywidereading

（3）TheessaysofCharlesLamb

（4）ThenovelsofJaneAustenandhistoricalnovelsofWalterScott

WilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）

“...poetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:

ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility…”（“Preface”）所有的好诗都是炽烈情感的自然涌流，而这种情感又是经过在宁静中追忆的.——quotationfromWilliamWordsworth.

●MajorworksfromWilliamWordsworth

LyricalBallads抒情歌谣集（IWanderedLonelyasaCloud我好似一朵孤独的流云；ComposeduponWestminsterBridge写于威斯敏斯特桥上）

LucyPoems露西组诗

（SheDwettAmongtheUntroddenWays她走在人迹罕至的路边；

TotheCuckoo杜鹃颂;

TheSolitaryReaper孤寂的割麦女）;

TheExcursion远足

ThePrelude序曲

●AnalysisofWilliamWordsworth’sworks

（1）SheDwettAmongtheUntroddenWaysisoneofhisfamousLucyPoems,inwhichthelovertellsthatshelivedunknownanddiedunknown.

（2）ComposeduponWestminsterBridgedescribesavividpictureofabeautifulmorninginLondon.

（3）TheSolitaryReaperdescribesvividlyandsympatheticallyayoungpeasantgirlworkinginthefieldsandsingingassheworksandshowsthatthegirl’ssingingdeeplymovedthetravelerandkeptlingeringinhisheart.

（4）IWanderedLonelyasaCloudisperhapsthemostanthologizedpoeminEnglishliterature,andonethattakesustothecoreofWordsworth’spoeticbelief.

●Form

Thispoemcontainsfoursix-linedstanzasofiambictetrametre（四步抑扬格）,witharhymeschemeofababccineachstanza.

●Theme

Thethemeofthispoemistheserenebeautyofnaturethroughvividdescriptionofdaffodilsandthepoet’srespectfornature.

●Content

FirstStanza–Itshowsaharmoniouspicture.Theimageof“cloud”givesustheimpressionofthepoet’sprideandloftiness.Butonseeingnumerousdaffodils,thepoetdescendsfromabovetobelow.

SecondStanza–Inthisstanza,thepoetdrawsananalogybetweenstarsanddaffodilstoemphasizethegreatnumber.“Star”inthisstanzaechoeswith“cloud”inthepreviousstanza.

ThirdStanza–Thepoetdrawsananalogybetweenwavesofwaterandwavesofdaffodils.Thedescriptionofthesceneryendsinthesecondline.Followingthat,thepoetshiftshisemphasisfromscenerytoemotion.

FourthStanza–Thegleeofdaffodilsturnsintohappinessofthepoet.Asaresult,thebeautyofnaturebecomesthebeautyofmind.Thelasttwolinesexplainwhydaffodilshadbroughtgreatwealthtome,becausetheyhadbroughtfreshinspiration,greatercreativityandnewcapacityforimagination.Newlifehasbeenbroughttohimbythememory.

●BriefcommentonWilliamWordsworth

（1）HeistheleadingfigureofEnglishRomanticpoetry,andheisregardedasa“worshipperofnature”.

（2）HisLyricalBallads,writtenwithColeridge,markedthebeginningofRomanticisminEnglishpoetry.

（3）Hedefinedpoetryas“thespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings:

ittakesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility.”

（4）Hewasoneofthe“LakePoets”.

GeorgeGordonByron（1788-1824）

Introduction

●GeorgeGordonByronwasasfamousinhislifetimeforhispersonalitycultasforhispoetry.Hecreatedtheconceptofthe“Byronichero”—aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Byron’sinfluenceonEuropeanpoetry,music,novel,opera,andpaintinghasbeenimmense.HewasthemostrenownedEnglishlanguagepoetofhisday.

●Term–ByronicHero

ThisisaconceptcreatedbyGeorgeGordonByron.Itreferstoaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.Withimmensesuperiorityinhispassionsandpowers,thisfigurewouldcarryonhisshoulderstheburdenofrightingallthewrongsinacorruptedsociety,andwouldrisesingle-handedlyagainstanykindoftyrannicalruleseitheringovernment,inreligion,orinmoralprincipleswithunconquerablewillsandinexhaustibleenergies.

●Term–Lyric

Lyricisashortpoemwhereinthepoetexpressesanemotionorillustratessomelifeprinciple.Lyricoftenconcernslove.“Myloveislikeared,redrose”isRobertBurn’swell-knownlyric.

●Majorworks

HoursofIdliness1807

EnglishBordsandScottishReviewers1809

ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage1812

TheGiaour1813

TheCorsair1814

Lara1814

Manfred1817

Cain1821

DonJuan（1819-1824）

●Famousselectedpoemsinourtextbook:

WhenWeTwoParted;

SheWalksinBeauty;

TheIslesofGreecetakenfromDonJuan

●AnalysisofByron’sworks

（1）DonJuan,Byron’smasterpiece,isregardedasthegreatpoemoftheRomanticAge.ItisapoembasedonatraditionalSpanishlegendofagreatloverandseducerofwomen.

（2）WhenWeTwoPartedisalyricpoemofusuallovebetweenmanandwoman.Thepoemisalternatelyrhymedtoshowthepoet’smentalpainoflovemingledwithhate.Themetricalmovementofthispoemisbasicallyacombinationofiambicandanapaestic（抑抑扬格）feet,witharhymeschemeababcdcd.

（3）SheWalksinBeautyisoneofB’searlylovelyrics.

●Backgroundknowledge–OnJune11,1814,Battendedapartywhereheforthefirsttimenethisyoungcousin,LadyWilmotHorton,whowasdressedinablackmourninggown.Bwassostruckbyherbeautythat,onreturninghome,hewrotethispoeminasinglenight.

●Theme–Thislyricpoemisacomplimenttoaladyandtocelebratethebeautyofthewoman.

●Form–Thepoemcontainsthreestanzasofiambictetrameter,witharhymeschemeababab.

（4）TheIslesofGreeceistakenfromDonJuan,CantoIII,whichissungbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.Intheearly19thcentury,GreecewasundertheruleofTurk.BycontrastingthefreedomofancientGreeceandthepresentenslavement,thepoetappealedtopeopletostruggleforliberty.

●CommentsonByron

（1）ByronisthemostexcellentrepresentativeofEnglishRomanticism.Hewasoneofthemostinfluentialpoetsofhistime.

（2）Hecreatedtheconceptofthe“Byronichero”—aproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin.

（3）HispoemsarefavoritesoftheBritishworkers&thelaboringpeopleofothercountries.Heopposedoppression&slavery,&hadanardentloveforliberty.Hepraisedthepeople’srevolutionarystrugglesinhisworks.

（4）HewasthemostrenownedEnglishlanguagepoetofhisday.

PercyByssheShelley（1792-1827）

Introduction

●ShelleyisoneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Shelleydrewnoessentialdistinctionbetweenpoetryandpolitics,andhisworkreflectedtheradicalideasandrevolutionaryoptimismoftheera.

●Term–Ode

Itisadignifiedandelaboratelystructuredlyricpoemofsomelength,praisingandglorifyinganindividual,commemoratinganevent,ordescribingnatureintellectuallyratherthanemotionally.Originallytheyweresongsperformedtotheaccompanimentofamusicinstrument.JohnKeatswrotegreatodes.HisOdeonaGrecianUrnisacaseinpoint.

●Term--TerzaRima

ItisanItalianversethatconsistsofaseriesofthree-linestanzasinwhichthemiddlelineofeachstanzarhymeswiththefirstandthirdlinesofthefollowingstanzawiththerhymingschemeaba,bcb,cdc,ded,etc..ItappearedfirstinDante’sTheDivineComedy.Besides,Shelley’sOdetotheWestWindisacaseinpoint.

●MajorWorks

TheNecessityofAtheism《无神论的必要性》

Adonais《阿多尼斯》

QueenMab1813《麦布女王》

TheRevoltofIslam1818《伊斯兰的反叛》

PrometheusUnbound1820《解放了的普罗米修斯》

ADefenceofPoetry《诗辩》

●Famousselectedpoemsinourtextbook:

ASong:

MenofEngland

OdetotheWestWind

Ozymandias

ToaSkylark

TheCloud

●AnalysisofShelley’sworks

（1）ASong:

Men