寒假专题定语从句.docx
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寒假专题定语从句.docx
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寒假专题定语从句
年级
高三
学科
英语
版本
人教版
内容标题
寒假专题——定语从句
编稿老师
石爱清
【本讲教育信息】
一、教学内容
寒假专题二:
定语从句精讲
二、知识精讲:
(一)概述
1、定义:
在复合句中,修饰主句中的名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2、概念:
先行词:
主句中被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
关系词:
定语从句中与先行词指同一事物的词叫关系词。
关系词的作用:
1)
2)
3)
关系词的分类:
1)先行词指人,关系词用who,that,whom,whose,同时作从句的主语、宾语、定语。
AcouchpotatoisapersonwhospendsalotoftimewatchingTV.
2)先行词指物,关系词用that,which,whose,同时作从句的主语、宾语、定语。
It’saboutabigsharkwhich\thatattackspeoplewhoarespendingtheirholidays.
IcalledatravelagentwhosetelephonenumberIfoundinanewspaper.
3)先行词指地点,关系词用where,同时作从句的地点状语。
JurassicParkisaparkwherearichmankeepsmanykindsofdinosaurs.
4)先行词指时间,关系词用when,同时作从句的时间状语。
Thatwasthemomentwhenhiscareerreallytookoff.
5)先行词指原因,关系词用why,同时作从句的原因状语。
Thereasonwhyhecouldn’tgototheFilmAcademywasthathisgradesweretoolow.
3、限定性与非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句形式上不用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,如果删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
非限定性定语从句用逗号“,”与主句隔开。
意义上只是对先行词的补充说明,如果删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
Chan’srestaurantonBakerStreet,whichusedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.
(二)常用that不用which的情况
1、先行词是all,everything,anything,little,much等不定代词时。
Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknew.
2、先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时。
Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3、先行词由形容词最高级和序数词修饰时。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
4、先行词指人又指物时。
Wetalkedaboutthepersonandthingsthatweremembered.
5、先行词被theonly,thevery,thefirst,thelast等修饰时。
ThisistheveryflatI’mafter.
6、句子中已经含有who或which时,为避免重复。
Whoisthemanthatismakingthespeech?
7、关系代词在从句中作表语时。
Heisnotthenaughtyboythatheusedtobe.
(三)常用which及who,whom,不用that的情况。
1、在非限定性定语从句中,用which指代物,用who,whom指代人。
Hersisterhasbecomealawyer,whichshewantedtobe.
2、先行词是整个句子,关系词用which。
Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,whichmeantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.
Jimpassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisedeverybodyintheoffice.
3、在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系词只用which,whom。
Idon’tknowthepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
(四)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。
关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,towhomwegavesomebellsandglasses.
TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.
注意:
1、含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
ThisisthewatchwhichIamlookingfor.
Thebabieswhomthenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.
2、若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用which,不可用that。
关系代词是所有格时用whose。
Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.
Themanthat/whoyoutalkedwithjustnowismyneighbour.
3、介词的选择方法:
I’llneverforgettheday__________whichIjoinedthearmy.
I’llneverforgetthedays__________whichwestayedinthesmalltown.
Haveyoufoundthebook________whichwetalkedyesterday?
Haveyoufoundthebook________whichIlearntalot?
ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,____shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.
A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich
Shealwayswearsherglasses,_______whichshecan’tseeanything.
A.onB.withC.withoutD.through
4、“of+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或数词。
如:
Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
高考真题:
Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,___________fivearemine.
A.onwhichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich
Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,___wantedtobuyit.
A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom
(五)关系代词与关系副词的选择。
A.Iknowaplace_________wecanhaveapicnic.
Iknowaplace_____________isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.
B.Iwillneverforgetthedays_________wespentourholidaystogether.
Iwillneverforgetthedays__________wespenttogether.
C.Thisisthereason__________hewasdismissed.
Thisisthereason____________heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.
高考真题:
Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases____beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.
A.whichB.asC.whyD.where
注意:
situation、case、point、stage作先行词的时候,可考虑用where引导定语从句。
(六)as\which引导非限定性定语从句。
1)位置
2)意义:
as“正如”,主从句关系一致;which,主从句是因果关系或是从句对主句的评论。
Thethiefappearedatthestreetcorner,asthepoliceexpected.
Hegotmarried,whichwasunexpected.
Heisabsent,asisoftenthecase.
Asismentionedabove,thenewruleswilltakeeffect.
Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.
高考真题:
____Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.
A.WhenB.AfterC.AsD.Since
aseverybodycanseeaswasusual
ascanbeseenasIexpected
asisknowntoallasmaybeimagined
asyouknowasisexpected
ashasbeensaidbeforeasisreported
asisoftensaidasisannounced
(七)其他应该注意的问题。
1.Isthisthefactory_____someforeignfriendsarecomingtovisitnextweek?
Isthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek?
A.theoneB.theonethatC.whereD.which
2.____shouldbedonemustbedoneintime.
A.WhatB.AllC.AnythingthatD.Allwhat
3.Heisoneofthestudentswho______beenawardedtheprizes.
Heistheoneofthestudentswho______beenawardedtheprizes.
4.Thehouse______doorwasveryoldfacedsouth.
Thehouse______thedoorwasveryoldfacedsouth.
5.插入语与定语从句
Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitis
C.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis
高考真题:
Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace____,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.
A.whichB.whereC.thereD.what
—Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
—Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
6.间隔性定语从句
高考真题:
Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer____sheneededtodecidewhattodo.
A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where
7.Ididn’tliketheway________________youspeaktoher.
Webrokethelawinaway_______ispeaceful.
8.强调句与定语从句
高考真题:
—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm____weworked.
A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where
三、高考聚焦
1.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
A.theirB.whose
C.ofthemD.withwhom
2.—Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob?
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
3.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationtheycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
4.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
5.ThehouseIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich
6.Shebroughtherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
7.WheneverImether,_________wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.
A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that
8.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
9.He’llneverforgetherstaythere________shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
10.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
11.Ihavereachedapointinmylife______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
12.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
13.Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,wasverykindofhim.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
答案:
BADDBCBCDCBDA
【模拟试题】(答题时间:
55分钟)
一、单选。
1.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.
A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what
2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_______hegrewupasachild.
A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where
3.Thegentleman_______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.
A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom
4.Pleasetakeanyseat_________isfree.
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that
5.Theoldmanhastwosons,_________isasoldier.
A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthem
6.Thisistheship________wecrossedthePacific(太平洋).
A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich
7.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼),_______hasmorethan100storeys.
A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhich
C.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich
8.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame________itusedtobe.
A.whichB.asC.whereD.when
9.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:
30p.m.,________manypeoplehavegonehome.
A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime
10.Theboy________compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.
A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which
11.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,________wasmorethanwecouldexpect.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
12.Mr.Wangisaboss,_________factoryLiPingworked.
A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhomD.ofwhich
13.Idon’tliketheway_________youspeaktoher.
A./B.
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