排版 括号 习题 初稿1.docx
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排版 括号 习题 初稿1.docx
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排版括号习题初稿1
chapter1
1.()isnotonlyasciencebutalsoanartthatdealswiththedeterminationoftherelativepositionsofpointsonorneartheEarth'ssurface.
A.LevelingB.SurveyingC.Sketch
2.The()andthereliabilityofthesurveydependonthefieldexpertiseofthesurveyor,butalsoontheunderstandingoftheschematicprinciplesunderlyingandaffectingallformsofsurveymeasurement.
A.qualityB.accuracyC.quantity
3.()todaycannotworkeffectivelywithoutmodernsurveyingequipment.
A.SurveyorsB.InspectorC.Manager
4.Oneofthesurveyingpurposesistodeterminethe()ofpointsonEarth'ssurface,anddrawthemonmapsaccordingtogivenscaleandsymbols.
A.lengthB.positionsC.angles
5.Suchaprocedurebeginswiththeestablishmentandsurveyingofaseriesofpointsinthesurveyedarea,thesepointsarecalled"()points”.
A.detialB.chainC.control
6.Surveyingisdividedlimotwomajorcategories,planeand()surveying,accordingtotheshapeoftheEarth'ssurfaceinmeasurementwork.
A.geographicalB.geodeticC.physical
7.()surveyingaimtogathersurveyingdataaboutthenaturalandman-madefeaturesoftheland,aswellasitselevations.
A.TopographicB.PalneC.Geodetic
8.Manykindsofsurveyingequipmenthavebeenusedinthepastandpresenttohelpasurveyormeasurevarious()ofalandarea.
A.positionsB.parametersC.points
9.Inancienttimessurveyingequipmentincludedchains,compass,solarcompass,transit,()andmore.
A.tapeB.theodoliteC.level
10.A()isthebestknowntoolformeasuringasymmetricallandareasastheyeliminatetheneedforchartsormanualcalculations.
A.planimeterB.compassC.TotalStation
chapter2
1.Earth'scircumferenceanddiameterdifferbecauseits()isclassifiedasanoblatespheroidorellipsoid,insteadofatruesphere.
A.lengthB.volumeC.shape
2.WewilldefineamathematicalsurfacethatapproximatestotheshapeoftheareaunderconsidererLionandthenfitandorientateittotheEarth'ssundae.Suchasurfaceisreferredinsurveyingasa'reference()'.
A.planeB.ellipsoidC.datam
3.Thegeoidisonlyatheoreticalsurface.Whichis()ateverypointtothedirectionofgravity.
A.perpendicularB.intersectC.parallel
4.TheheightoftheMSLabovethegeoidiscalledtheseasurface()(SST).
A.terrainB.topographyC.landform
5.()height(h)isthedistanceaboveorbelowtheellipsoid(plusorminus).
A.ElevationB.NormalC.Ellipsoidal
6.Thelinesof()(meridians)areformedbyprojectingthelongitudeangleouttothesurfaceoftheEarthattheequator.
A.latitudeB.longitudeC.angle
7.()referenceandgridreferencedescribehowxandydimensions(horizontal)ofanyfeaturecanbereferencedforplanesurveyingpurposes.
A.GeographicB.HeightC.Position
8.Thenationalellipsoidsarethegeometricreferencesurfacesonlyfor()coordinates.
A.parallelB.rectangularC.horizontal
9.()indicatesnearnessofmeasuredvalue(M)totruevalue(T).
A.AccuracyB.PrecisionC.Precise
10.Forexample,ifameasurementcontainsasystematicerror,thenincreasingthesamplesizegenerallyincreases()butdoesn’timproveaccuracy.
A.blunderB.preciseC.precision
chapter3
1.A () isaprecisioninstrumentformeasuring angles inthehorizontalandverticalplanes.
A.theodoliteB.levelC.telescope
2.Alongwiththetransit,theodoliteshavemountedtelescopesthatcanberotatedindifferent().
A.heightsB.directionsC.angles
3.Transittheodolites(orjust'Transits')arethoseinwhichthetelescopecan()inacompletecircleintheverticalplane.
A.translateB.rotateC.change
4.Thetelescopecontainsan()thattheuserlooksthroughtofindthetargetbeingsighted.
A.crosspairB.objectiveC.eyepiece
5.Unlikethehorizontalangle,a()angle(elevationordepression)isnotadifferencebetweentwosettings,butisreferredtothehorizontalplaneaszero.
A.verticalB.parallelC.intersection
6.Theodoliteshaveaninternal()devicethatmakesreadingcirclesmuchmoreaccuratethanotherinstruments.
A.infraredB.elecricC.optical
7.Thereadoutisdonebya rotaryencoder,whichcanbeabsolute,e.g.using Graycodes,orincremental,using()lightanddarkradialbands.
A.equilateralB.equidistantC.isometric
8.A () isusedwhenthenorth-southreferencebearingofthemeridianisrequiredintheabsenceofastronomicalstarsights.
A.gyrotheodoliteB.transitC.theodolite
9.The()ofthemeridianplanewiththehorizontalcontainsthetruenorth-southgeographicreferencebearingrequired.
A.forwardintersectionB.backwardintersectionC.intersection
10.Astronomicalstarsightsareabletogivethe()bearingtobetterthanonehundredtimestheaccuracyofthegyrotheodolite.
A.LongitudeB.meridianC.latitude
chapter4
1.Levelisadeviceforestablishingahorizontallineorplanebymeansofa()inaliquidthatshowsadjustmenttothehorizontalbymovementtothecenterofaslightlybowedglasstube.
A.tubeB.crosshairC.bubble
2.()istheverticaldistanceaboveorbelowareferencedatum.Insurveying,thereferencedatumthatisthatofmeansealevel.
A.PositionB.ElevationC.Height
3.Meansealevelistermed(),whichisassignedaverticalvalue(i.e.elevation,expressedasHinthisbook)of0.000m.
A.GeoidB.DatamC.Qusi-geoid
4.ClassIisthebasic()ofthenationalnetworkanditsaccuracyisthehighest.
A.rangeB.frameworkC.route
5.Bothdigitallevelandassociatedstaffaremanufacturedsothattheycanbeusedforboth()anddigitaloperations.
A.conventionalB.ancientC.artificial
6.Thelight,reflectedfromthewhiteelementsonlyofthebarcode,isdividedinto()andvisiblelightcomponentsbythebeamsplitter.
A.microwaveB.invisibleC.infrared
7.Thusthelineof()neednotbeperpendiculartotheverticalaxis,asitmustinthedumpylevel.
A.collimationB.widthC.length
8.Thelowerpartofthelevelassemblyconsistsofathreescrewbasewhichmustbesetupsothatasmallcircularspiritlevelbubbleisin().
A.adjustmentB.correctC.movement
9.Abovethebasetheinstrumentconsistofatelescopeanda()leveltube.
A.liquidB.sensitiveC.dull
10.Thetelescopesoftheseinstrumentsonlyneedtobeapproximatelyleveledandthenacompensatingdevice,usuallybasedona()systeminsidethetelescope,correctsfortheresidualmislevelment.
A.IMUB.gyroscopeC.pendulum
Chapter5
1.()surveying-definedastheuseofelectronicsurveyequipmentusedtoperformhorizontalandverticalmeasurementsinreferencetoagridsystem.
A.TheodoliteB.TotalstationC.Transit
2.Atotalstationintegratesthefunctionsofatheodoliteformeasuringangles,an()formeasuringdistances,digitaldataandadatarecorder.
A.DTMB.EDMC.IMU
3.Alltotalstationprogramsrequirethattheinstrumentstationandatleastonereferencestationbeidentifiedsothatallsubsequent()stationscanbedefined(X,Y,andZcoordinate).
A.tied-onB.attachC.tied-in
4.Typicaltotalstationprogramsincludepoint(),missinglinemeasurement,azimuthcalculations,remoteobjectelevationcalculations,offsetmeasurements,layoutorsetting-outpositions,andareacomputation.
A.levelB.locationC.height
5.However,therealworldshouldbebasedonaspheroidand()coordinatesmustbetransformedtogeographiccoordinatesifprojectsarelargescale.
A.planeB.rectangularC.square
6.Themicro-processorprovidedintheinstrumentappliesthecorrectionforearth’s()andmeanrefraction,automatically.
A.curvatureB.surfaceC.radius
7.Theprimaryfunctionofsurveyinginstrumentsistomeasuredistances,anglesandheights.
A.lengthB.positionC.heights
8.Ittakesmeasurementsbycalculatingthe()ofthewavelengthofthereflectedlight.
A.timeB.spectrumC.deviation
9.()totalstationsallowtheoperatortocontroltheinstrumentfromadistanceviaremotecontrol.
A.RoboticB.ElectronicC.Phsical
10.Topcon'sGPT-7000iisaWorld'sFirstimagingtotalstationhasadditionalsoftwarewhichcancreate3Dpointcloudsand()images.
A.planeB.infraredC.stereoscopic
Chapter6
1.A3Dlaserscannercanquicklyscanthesubjectsurfacemanytimestoobtainsetsof3Dcoordinatesof()geometricsamplingpoints(calledpointclouds).
A.triangleB.spatialC.plane
2.Laserrangescanningprovidesanefficientwaytoactivelyacquireaccurateanddense3D()ofobjectsurfacesorenvironments.
A.photographB.pointcloudsC.image
3.3DLaserScannercanthenbeappliedinawidevarietyoffields,suchas3Dgameormovieproductioninentertainmentindustry,()engineering (bridges,buildings,etc).
A.roadB.conservancyC.civil
4.Insummary,the()featureoflaserscanningisitsmostfundamental,drivingtechnicaldifferentiatorscomparedtoothersurveymethods.
A.high-densityB.ampitudeC.phase
5.Alaserscansurveyfeaturesultra-fastdatacapture,remotemeasurement,3Dvisualization,andinformativeimagery,soitcanbecalledthe“ultra-fast,high-definition,reflectorless()survey.”
A.landformB.terrainC.topographic
Chapter7
1.A () isadeviceformeasuringormaintaining orientation,basedontheprinciplesof angularmomentum.
A.gyroscope B.transitC.TotalStaition
2.Agyroscopeisa()wheelordiscinwhichtheaxleisfreetoassumeanyorientation.
A.suspensionB.rotatingC.spinning
3.Thedevice'sorientationremainsnearlyfixed,regardlessofthemountingplatform'smotion,becausemountingthedeviceinagimbal minimizes().
A.torqueB.externaltorqueC.internaltorque
4.Toconventional gyroscope theinnergimbalisjournaledfor()inanoutergimbalforatotaloftwogi
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