听力答案.docx
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听力答案.docx
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听力答案
Unit5
【原文】
Theword"industry"hasthreemeanings.Peoplecanbepraisedfortheirindustry.Thatmeanslong,steadyefforttogetworkdone~Peoplecanworkinacertainindustry.Thegarmentindustrymakesacertainkindofproduct.Thetouristindustrysuppliesservicesandpromotestrade.Anationcanalsohavealotofindustry.Thatmeansithasmanylargebusinessesthatmanufacturegoodsforsale.Theword"manufacture"means"tomakebyhand".Buttomanufactureproductsistomakerawmaterialsintofinishedgoodsbyusingmachines.
Acountrythatmanufacturesandsellsmanygoodsiscalledanindustrialnation.TheUnitedStatesbecameanindustrialnationintheyearsaftertheCivilWar.Factorieswerebeingbuilteverywhere.Moreandmoreofthenation'sworkwasbeingdonewithmachines.Usingmachines,peoplecouldproducemanymoregoodsandprovidemanymoreservices.Withmachines,theycouldtravellongerdistances.Theycouldsendmessagesfasterthaneverbefore.
Energywasnolongersuppliedonlybywindandwater.Now,enginesranonsteam.Before,peopleusedsurfacesourcesforbuildingmaterials.Mostly,theyusedwood.Now,theybegantotakefuelsandbuildingmaterialsoutoftheground.Mineralsfromtheearthweretherawmaterialsofanewindustrialage.
Peopleusedsteamenginestodrainwaterandliftcoaloutofmines.Coalismostlycarbon.Carbonisabetterfuelthanwood.Itgivesoffmuchmoreheatwhenitisburned.Coalandironarealsousedinmakingsteel.Thecarbonmakestheironveryhardandstrong.TheeasternUnitedStateshadalotofironoreandcoal.Sosteelmakingbecameanimportantindustry.Soon,steelbridgesreplacedwoodenbridges.Thesestrongsteelbridgescouldcarryrailroadtracksoverwideriversandvalleys.Steelsupportsmadeitpossibletobuildtrackshighovercitystreets.Steelwasalsousedtobuildfactories,machines,andrailroadcars.
Whenworkmovedfromhomestofactories,workersmovedtocitiesfromfarms.ThegrowthofChicagoshowshowfastthismovementtookplace.In1860,Chicagohadonly106,000people.Ithad20timesthatmanypeople50yearslater,in1910.Thatmeantover2millionpeoplewerelivinginoneplace.Theyneededhomes,schools,andstores.Therewasworkinconstructionorbuilding.Therewasworkinmanufacturingandtrade.Therewasworkprovidingservices.Therewasalotofmoneytobemade.
Manufacturingandconstructionwereattheheartofthenewage.Themostimportantnewmaterialwassteel.AndrewCarnegiecametoPennsylvaniafromScotlandwhenhewasachild.Hisfirstjobwaswindingthreadinacottonfactory.Hemade$1.20aweek.Later,heworkedforthePennsylvaniaRailroad.Sincepeopleoftenhadtotravelovernight,heintroducedsleepingcars.Thenhestartedhisownironandsteelbusiness.Herealizedhowimportantsteelwasgoingtobe.By1900,heownedasteelcompany,coalandironmines,steamboats,andrailroads.HisfactoriesweremakingonefourthofthesteelintheUnitedStates.Hiscompanywasworth500milliondollars.Hewasthericheststeelmanufacturerintheworld.
Task2:
【答案】
A.
1)Becausethisperiodofgreatnationalgrowthandchangeprovidedmanybusinessopportunities.Orbecausewithsomuchgrowthandchange,itwasagoodtimeforbusinessestostart.
2)In1859.
3)Whenhewas24,hewentintotheoil-refiningbusinesswithpartners.
4)Hebuiltthefamilybusinessintoanempireofwealth.Hecontrolledbanks,steel,andrailroads.Hisbanksprovidedmoneytorunfactoriesanddevelopmines.
5)Theywerecrowdedtogether.Mosthadtodependonotherpeople'sbusinessesforjobs,andtheyhadtorelyononeanothermore.
6)Citiesgrewrapidly.Citybusinessesandservicesgrew:
largerschools,hospitals,departmentstores,fireandpolicedepartments,telegraphandtelephonecompanies,andpowerstationstoproduceorgenerateelectricity.
B.
1)whoseesanopportunityandsetsupanewbusiness
2)thecrudeoilfromthewell,heatingittoseparateitssubstances
3)produced,refined,distributed
4)56,000kilometers,1900,sixtimes
C.
Workerscouldmakemanymoregoodswithmachines.Largecompaniescouldbuymorerawmaterialsforlessmoney.Also,itcostlessperitemtomakemanygoodsatonetime.Thatmeantlargecompaniescouldselltheirproductsatalowerprice.Sincetheproductswerecheaper,morepeoplecouldbuythem.Thenmoretrainsandshipswereneededtomoveproductsaround.
【原文】
ApersonlikeCarnegieiscalledan"entrepreneur".Anentrepreneurissomeonewhoseesanopportunityandsetsupanewbusiness.Entrepreneurshavetobegoodmanagers.Theyhavetobewillingtotakerisks.Thelate1800sweregoodyearsforentrepreneursintheUnitedStates.Withsomuchgrowthandchange,itwasagoodtimeforbusinessestostart.
Railroadswereonenewbusinessinwhichlargefortunescouldbemade.ThreerichandpowerfulrailroadownerswereCorneliusVanderbilt,CollisP.Huntington,andJayGould.
Othernewindustriesgrewuparoundpetroleum,oroil.In1859,E.L.DrakedrilledthefirstAmericanoilwell.Thenthecrudeoilfromthewellhadtoberefined.Thisisdonebyheatingittoseparateitssubstances.Anindustrywasstartedtodothiswork.
Atfirst,petroleumwasusedtomakekerosene.Thekerosenewasusedasanoilforlamps.Thenin1873,GeorgeBraytonofBostonbuiltanenginethatranonkerosene.Later,petroleumwasusedtomakegasoline.Notuntil1889didaGerman,GottliebDaimler,buildthekindofgasolincengineweusenow.
TheRockefellerfortunewasmadeinpetroleum.JohnD.Rockefellerbeganworkingwhenhewasstillachild.Heearned$3.50aweekasaclerkinagrocerystore.Thenhestartedabusinesssellingfruitsandvegetables.Withpartners,hewentintotheoil-refiningbusinesswhenhewas24.HiscompanywascalledStandardOil.By1911,thiscompanyproduced,refined,anddistributedmostofthenation'spetroleum.JohnD.Rockefellerlivedtotheripeoldageof98.Atthetimehedied,hewastherichestpersonintheUnitedStates.
Withsomuchmoneybeingmade,peopleneededbanks.TheMorganfamilyofMassachusettsmadeafortunebyinvestingmoneyandmakingloans.J.P.Morganbuiltthefamilybusinessintoanempireofwealth.Hecontrolledbanks,steel,andrailroads.Hisbanksprovidedmoneytorunfacto-tiesanddevelopmines.
Now,citiescouldgrowupwardaswellasspreadout.Thatmeantthatpeoplecouldliveclosertogetherthaneverbefore.Citypeoplewerenotlikeindependentfarmers,livingfarapart.Theywerecrowdedtogether.Mosthadtodependonotherpeople'sbusinessesforjobs.Peoplealsohadtorelyononeanothermore.Ascitiesgrewlarger,moreserviceswereintroduced.Largerschoolswereneeded,Hospitalswerebuilt.Somesmallshopsexpandedandbecamedepartmentstores.Therewerefireandpolicedepartments.Therewerealsotelegraphandtelephonecompanies.Therewerepowerstationstoproduce,orgenerate,electricity.The1880sbroughtthenation'sfirstelectricstreetcar.
Manufacturingbusinessesalsogrewlarger.Workerscouldmakemanymoregoodswithmachines.Largecompaniescouldbuymorerawmaterialsforlessmoney.Also,itcostlessperitemtomakemanygoodsatonetime.Thatmeantlargecompaniescouldselltheirproductsatalowerprice.Sincetheproductswerecheaper,morepeoplecouldbuythem.Thenmoretrainsandshipswereneededtomoveproductsaround.
Railroadsbroughtdistantpartsofthecountryclosertogether.In1860,tileUnitedStateshad56,000kilometersofrailroadtrack.By1900,almostsixtimesasmuchtrackhadbeenlaid.ThiswasmorethaninallofEurope.NowtheUnitedStateshadcities,factories,andrailroads.Ithadcommunicationsandbanking.Ithadsteamenginesandelectricpower.Ithadpetroleum,coal,andsteel.By1900,theUnitedStateshadbecomethelargestindustrialnationintheworld!
Task3:
【答案】
A.
1)F
2)T
3)T
4)T
5)F
B.
1)Hemeans"beginatthebeginningofthecurrentaccount,Americanindustry".
2)Theentryfor1934seesOklahomablowingaway;amorerecententrytellshowamanlosthishomestead,becameoneofthedispossessedinthecity,andneverfeltathomeagain.
3)Becauseontheirfourthsuccessfulflightthatday,theyflew852feetin59seconds.
4)Airtravelhasshrunktheworlddramatically,increasedunderstandingbetweenpeoples,andbroughteveryimaginablekindofjob.Alsomailstravelmuchfaster.
【原文】
BigMan:
Comein,comein.Shutthedoor.Pleasetakeyourseatsandwe'llgetrightdowntoit.Notaminutetolose.Ithinkyou'llagreethisconferenceislongoverdueasitis.Letmeintroducesomemembersofmystaff.Mr.Dunnhereisourheadaccountant,andI'llaskhimtogiveussomegeneralbackgroundonthevariousfiles.
Dunn:
Thankyou,sir.
BigMan:
Mr.Merritthereisourexpertoncreditsevaluation.
Merritt:
Howdoyoudo?
BigMan:
AndMissScratchisourexpertondebitsevaluation.We'llcallonthemwheneverappropriate.Today'ssessionwillbe20minutes,nolonger.Thatmeans,ofcoursethatwecanmerelytouchthesurface,butatleastwe'llhavemadeastart.Now,Mr.Dunnwouldyouproceed?
Dunn:
Thankyou,sir.GeneralFile:
America.Subfile:
Industry:
theGrowthofAmericanIndustry.Accountable:
theAmericanPeople.InterestedParties:
thePeopleoftheWorldPresentandFuture;theAnimalsoftheWorld,PresentandFuture;theNaturalResourcesoftheWorld,PresentandFuture...
BigMan:
Yes,yes,Dunn,bebrief.
Dunn:
Verywell,then.InterestedParty:
theWorldinGeneral,PresentandFuture.
BigMan:
Now,beginatthebeginning.
Dunn:
Atthebeginning,sir?
Well,that'sratherdifficult.
BigMan:
Idon'tmeanatthebeginningofbeginnings.Thoseea
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