词形变换.docx
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词形变换.docx
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词形变换
词形变换类题型的几个考点
一、可数名词单数变复数类:
1.规则变化:
(1)一般情况加-s,如:
girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days等。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,如:
buses,boxes,watches,brushes等。
(3)以o结尾的名词,无生命的名词多加-s,有生命的名词多加-es。
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,如:
city→cities,story→stories
(5)以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。
如:
leaf→leaves,knife→knives,
shelf→shelves等。
(roof→roofs)
2.不规则变化的名词要熟记:
man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,people→people,sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinese
deer→deerJapanese→Japanese
二、名词变形容词类:
1.在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如:
care→careful;use→useful;thank→thankful;help→helpful;beauty→beautiful;wonder→wonderful
forget→forgetful
2.在名词后加-y,如:
luck→lucky,cloud→cloudy;wind→windy;rain→rainy;sun→sunny,snow→snowynoise-noisyhealth→healthy
3.在名词后加-y,如:
friend→friendlylove→lovelyday→daily
4.方位名词加-ern,如:
east→easternwest→westernsouth→southern
north→northernnortheast→northeastern
6.在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。
如:
use→uselesshope→hopelesscare→careless
三、形容词加后缀变成名词
1.形容词加-ness变成名词,如:
happy→happinessill→illnessweak→weaknesskind→kindness
good→goodnesscareless→carelessness
2.形容词加-ty变成名词,如:
safe→safetydifficult→difficulty
3.形容词加-th变成名词,如:
true→truthwarm→warmthyoung→youth
4.形容词加-ence/ance变成名词,如:
important→importancedependent→dependencedifferent→difference
四、形容词变副词类:
形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语;副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。
1.一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词,如:
slow→slowly clear→clearly quick→quickly
quiet→quietlycareful→carefullysudden→suddenly
real→really
2.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,要变y为i加-ly,如:
easy→easilyhappy→happilyheavy→heavily
lucky→luckilybusy→busilyangry→angrily;
3.以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节,直接加-ly,如:
polite→politelysafe→safelywide→widely
4.以元音字母+e结尾,去e加-ly,如:
true→truly
5.以辅音字母加-le结尾,去e加-y,如:
terrible→terriblypossible→possibly
6.形容词与副词同形,如:
fast→fastearly→earlyhigh→highhard→hard
7.形容词与副词异形,如:
good→well
8.注意:
hard作形容词时意思是“困难的;硬的;生硬的”等;作副词时意思是“努力地”。
hardly是否定副词,意思是“几乎不”。
五、动词变名词类:
1.动词加-er变成名词,如:
work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teacher
sing→singerspeak→speakerplay→player
read→readerdrive→driverwrite→writer
ride→riderdance→dancerrun→runner;
win→winner cook→cookerwash→washer
travel→traveler
2.动词加-or变成名词,如:
visit→visitorinvent→inventoroperate→operator
conduct→conductor
3.动词加-tion变成名词,如:
operate→operationinvent→invention
六、基数词变序数词类:
主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式:
one→firstnine→ninthforth→fortieth
two→secondten→tenthfifty→fiftieth
three→thirdeleven→eleventhsixty→sixtieth
four→fourthtwelve→twelfthseventy__seventieth
six→sixthtwenty→twentietheightieth→eighty
seven→seventhtwenty-one→twenty-firstninety→ninetieth
twenty-two→twenty-second
twenty-three→twenty_thirdthirty→thirtieth
七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类
1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成
(1)单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化:
①一般词尾加er,est;如:
fastfasterfastest
②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est;如:
easyeasiereasiest
③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写这个辅音字母再加-er,
-est;如:
hothotterhottest
④以e结尾加-r,-st;如:
fine→finer,nice→nicer
(2)部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词,在其前加more,most变成比较级和最高级。
如:
interesting→moreinteresting,mostinteresting
beautiful→morebeautiful,mostbeautiful
slowly→moreslowly,mostslowly
quickly→morequickly,mostquickly
(3)不规则变化:
good→better→bestwell→better→best
many→more→mostmuch→more→most
little→less→leastfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest.
ill→worse→worstbad/badly→worse→worst
old→older/older→oldest/eldest
2.原级:
as+形容词或副词的原形+as “和……一样……”,
notas/so+形容词或副词的原形+as“和……不一样……”。
八、人称代词变化类:
要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。
见下面表格:
数
格
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
It
they
they
数
类别
人 称
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
九、常见的反义词:
1.动词
buy—selltake—bringremember—forget
die—livelove—haterise—fall
ask—answerstart—finishmiss—catch
pull—pushgo—comelend—borrow
2.形容词
little—muchshort—tall/longright—left/wrong
free—busyfull—emptyfew—many
good—badwhite—blackcareful—careless
dead—livingcheap—expensiveclean—dirty
easy—difficultwet—drysame—different
open—closedstrong—weaklight—heavy
初中常见词形变化表1.act—actor—actress—active
2.agree—disagree---disagreement
3.alone—lonely
4.America—American
5.annoy—annoyed—annoying
6.Australia—Australian
7.balance—balanced
8.beauty---beautiful
9.bright—brightly
10.build---building
11.Canada—Canadian
12.china—Chinese
13.clear---clearly
14.collect—collection—collector
15.confident---confidence
16.educate—education—educational
17.Europe---European
18.excite—excited—exciting
19.fair—unfair
20.final—finally
21.fly—flight
22.follow—following
23.foreign—foreigner
24.fortunate---fortunately
25.friend____friendly
26.polite___politely___impolite
27.heavy___heavily
28.real____really
29.late____latest
30.careful____carefully
31.close____closed
32.excite__excited__exciting
33.interest___interested___interesting
34.lose____lost
35.close____closed
36.agree____disagree
37.noise___noisy___noisily
38.sleep___sleepy
39win____winner
40.loud____loudly
41.decide___decision
42.describe---description
43.die---dead---death
44.difference—different—differently
45.donate—donation
46.easy—easily
47.choose—choice
48.danger—dangerous
49.decide---decision
50.crowd---crowded
51.friend—friendship
52.France—French
53.frustrate—frustrating—frustrated
54..create---creative
55.honest—dishonest
57.ill—illness
59.include—including
58.important—importance—unimportant
56.health—healthy—unhealthy
60.interview—interviewer
61.invite—invitation
62.knowledge—knowledgeable
63.lead—leader
64.live--alive
65.loud—loudly—aloud
66.luck—lucky—luckily—unlucky
67.memorize—memory—memorable
68.music—musical—musician
69.nation—national—international
70.north—northern
71.organize—organization
72.peace—peaceful
73.perform—performer—performance
74.person—personal
75.piano—pianist
76.play—player
77.please—pleased—pleasant
78.polite—impolite—politely
79.pollute—pollution—polluted
80.professor—professional
81.program—programmer
82.pronounce—pronunciation
83.quick—quickly
84.rain—rainy
85.Russia---Russian
86.safe—safety
87.science—scientific—scientist
88.sleep—sleepy
89.slow—slowly
100.south—southern
101.special—specially
102.stomach—stomachache
103.strong—strongly
104.succeed-success-successful
105.suggest—suggestion
106.tired—tiring
107.tooth—toothache
108.tour--tourist—touristy
109.tradition—traditional
110.translate—translator
111.true—truth
112.usual—unusual—usually
113.violin—violinist
114.wait—waiter—waitress
115.wake—awake
116.west—western
117.with—without
118.worry—worried—worrying
119.wonder—wonderful
中考英语词形变换练习题
用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空
1.Nowletme_____(call)yournames.Theyaremy_____(friendly).
2.I’dlikeyou______(meet)myparents,too..Mikeisill.Hismotherfeels_____(worry)..3.Someoftheapplesarehard_______(reach).
4.Ihavealotofhomework______(do).Thepotisusedfor_____(keep)waterhot.
5.DoEnglishpeoplelike______(boat)?
6.Whichis_____(far)fromus,thesunorthemoon?
7.Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyes______(close).
8.Weliveinaplace______(call)GumTree.
9.Couldyouaskhim______(call)me,please?
10.Buttherearenotenoughpeople______(pick)theapples.
11.Mikewenton_____(write)hisletterfortwohours.
11.Theystopped______(play)basketballbecauseitbegantorain.
12.OurEnglishhasawayof_____(make)hisclassinteresting.
13.Wecanhearthegirl______(sing)inherroomnow.
14.It’shard______(finish)theworkinhalfaday.
15.Jimsaidhecouldmakethebaby_____(stop)crying.
16.Billwastootired_____(do)anythinglastnight.
17.Thanksalotfor_____(ask)metoyourparty.
18.Youmusthelpmedosome_______(cook)thisevening.
19.Thisisadoctor’s_______(wait)roominthehospital.
20.Youmustnottakethemagazinesoutofthe______(read)room.
21.Pleaseremember______(take)themedicineandhaveagoodrest.
22.Ididn’tfinish______(read)thebooklastnight.
23.Don’tforget_____(write)tousassoonasyougetthere.
24.Theyspenttwohours______(clean)thehouseyesterday.
25.Shefounditverydifficult_____(get)tosleep.
26.It’sbadforyoureyes______(read)inthesun.
27.AttheageoftenEdisonbecamevery______(interest)inscience.
28.Bequick!
Thereislittletime_______(leave).
29.WhenIcamein,Isawapurse______(lie)onthefloor.
30.Pleaseanswermyquestionswithout______(look)atyourbooks.
根据句意,用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空:
1.Thepeopletherewere______tous.(friend)
2.Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeep______.(health)
3.MrandMrsGreenhaveason______Jack..(name)
4.ThebusierIam,the______Ifeel.(happy)
5.Moreandmoreforeign______areinterestedinthecity.(visit)
6.Billwas______hurtthananyotheroneintheaccident.(badly)
7.Nothingcanstopmefrom______there.(go)
8.Afriendof______willgotoEnglandforfurtherstudy.(I)
9.Sheaskedme______somethingaboutmyschool.(say)
10.I’mvery______becausethefootballmatchisvery______.(excite)
习题精选
1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying.(noise)
2.Hewasoneofthebestinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)
3.GuangzhouisinthepartofChina.(south)
4.September10thisDay.(teacher)
5.Beijingersaretruetotheworld.(friend)
6.Look!
HowKateislaughing!
(happy)
7.It’sonlytenwalkfromthestationtothe
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