四级辅导写作讲义.docx
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四级辅导写作讲义.docx
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四级辅导写作讲义
UsefulInformationonCET-4Writing
I.概述
1.中英文文章的差异:
a.英文文章表意比较直接,喜欢直奔主题;中文文章表意比较含蓄,多以与主题有关的背景开头,逐步引导,最终点题。
b.中文文章更具感情色彩,而英文文章尽量追求“客观”。
c.中文作者常以谚语、格言来支持自己的观点;英文作者则多以引述事实、数据等来支持自己的观点。
d.中文文章很强调文章的寓意,而英文文章并不总是这样。
e.中文中设问出现的频率比英文多一些。
f.汉语的表达习惯是把信息重点置于句末,把时间、条件、原因等解释性的信息放在句首;而英语造句的习惯正好相反。
2.六级考试中作文的时间限制为30分钟,分值15分,字数要求为120~150字。
3.从1997年6月起,四级考试开始实行“作文最低分”规定。
4.六级考试作文分类:
①按照形式可分为:
标题作文、段首句作文、提纲/提示作文、关键词作文、图表作文、情景作文、书信、文章摘要等八种。
②按照其内在结构可分为:
对立观点型、问题解决行、利弊说明型、主题阐述型、图表说明型以及综合型。
5.六级作文大部分为三段式,即分为引言、主体、结尾三部分。
6.写作注意事项:
a.卷面的美观并不是评分的主要标准,所以不必誊写文章。
b.文章中的观点正确与否、事实准确与否,不必细究。
c.时间分配要合理,30分钟内要完成审题、立意、组织素材、考虑结构、实际写作、最终检查六道工序。
其中实际写作的时间最好不要少于20分钟。
7.考生作文常见缺点:
①重点不突出;②语言不连贯。
8.写作原则:
尽量多使用四级词汇;注意长句、短句的搭配;注意句式的变化。
II.按文章的内在结构分为:
1.对立观点型:
模板1:
DifferentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonAAA.SomepeoplesupportAAAbyclaimingthat_____________________.//Somepeople,ontheotherhand,thinkdifferently.Theysaythat_____________________.Forexample, _____________________. //Inmyopinion,althougheverythinghasitsbothpositiveandnegativesides.Iwouldliketoagreetotheformer._____________________.Thereasongoesasfollows.Foronething,___________________.Foranotherthing,_____________________.
模板2:
People’sopinionsonAAAvaryfrompersontoperson.SomeofthemholdthatAAAisrightbecause_____________________.//Nevertheless,otherpeopleprefertheviewthatBBBisbetter.Theyexplainthat_____________________.//AsfarasIamconcerned,myfavorgoestothefirstview.Thefollowingarethereasonsofmychoice.First,_____________________.Secondly,_____________________.Inconclusion,____________.
2.问题解决型:
模板3:
Nowadays,wehavetofaceaproblemthat_____________________.//Peoplehadfiguredoutmanywaystosolvethisproblem.Firstly,_____________________.Thoughthismethodhasitsgoodsideslike_____________________,oneofitsbadsidesitbringsaboutisthatitcan_____________________.//Secondly,_____________________isanothermeans.Butitalsohasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheonehand,_____________________.Ontheotherhand,_____________________.//Allinall,thesolutionsmaynotbringtheperfectresult,butaslongaswedoitwithourbrainsandhands,wewillonedayresolvetheproblem.
模板4:
AlthoughAAAhasbroughtconveniencetous,manypeoplehavebeguntorealizethatitisthesourceoftroubleaswell.//BecauseofAAA,_____________________happenagainandagainallovertheworld.What’smore,_____________________.//InordertosolvetheproblemofAAA,peoplehavedone_____________________.//Butsomeotherproblemspoppingupwiththesolutionevenmakingthesituationworse.Sowemusttrytofindoutnewwaystocopewithit.
3.利弊说明型:
模板5:
Nowadays,itiscommontosee_____________________.Manypeoplelike_____________________because_____________________.Besides,_____________________.//However,AAA,justlikeanythingelse,hasitsnegativesideaswell.Ithasalsogivenrisetoaseriesofproblems.Forexample,_____________________.Theworstofall,_____________________,forthereasonthat_____________________.//Therefore,inmyopinion,_____________________.Butatthesametime,_____________________.Theresultdependsonthebalancebetweentheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.
模板6:
EverythinghasitstwosidesandAAAisnotanexception.Ithasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.//Therearemanyadvantagesforpeopleto_____________________.Forinstance,ithelpsusto_____________________;itenablesusto_____________________.//Ofcourse,thedisadvantagescannotbeignored.Asiswellknown,_____________________.//Personally,Ithink_____________________.
4.主题阐述型:
模板7:
ThereisanoldsayingAAA.It’stheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.//Usually,_____________________.Butitisn’talwaysthecase._____________________.Inshort,AAA.//Assumethat_____________________.Theresultisthat_____________________.//Onthecontrary,_____________________.Consequent,_____________________.//whateveryoudo,pleaserememberthesaying---AAA.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you’llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.
模板8:
Withscienceandtechnologyhighlydevelopedandpeople’slivingstandardgreatlyimproved,AAAhascomeintoourlife.//ThepopularityofAAAcanbeaccountedbyitsutility.Foronething,itcan_____________________.Foranotherthing,itcanhelp_____________________.//Withitsuses,thereisnodoubtthat_____________________.
5.图表说明型:
模板9:
Thegraphshowsus_____________________.//Somereasonscanexplainthistrend.First,_____________________.Second,_____________________.Third,_____________________.//Ifwecannottakeeffectivemeasure,wemaynotcontrolthistrend,andundesiredresultmaycomeoutunexpectedly.Sowhatweshoulddois___________________.
模板10:
Accordingtothetwographspresented,itcanbeobservedthat_____________________.Intheleftgraph,_____________________.Atthesametime,_____________________astherightgraphshows.//Asfarasweknow,AAAiscloselyrelatedtoBBB._____________________.//TherelationshipbetweenAAAandBBBcanalsobeobservedinthetwograph._____________________.//Forthesakeof,__________________.
6.综合型:
模板11:
WeallknowtheimportanceofthemasteryofAAA.AAAcanmakeyou_____________________.Itcanalsohelpyou_____________________.//TherearemanywaystomasterAAA,andthefollowingaretheveryimportantones.First,_____________________.Second,_____________________.Mostimportantofall,_____________________.//However,itisstilldifficultforustoachieveouraim.Weshouldhavepersistencetoovercomeanydifficulties,becausethemasteryofAAAis_____________________.
III.常用的“启、承、转、合”表达方法
1.“启”。
用于引导主题句,或用于主题句之后,引导第一个扩展句。
包括:
First,Firstly,Firstofall,Atfirst,Inthefirstplace,Inthebeginning,Tobeginwith,Tostartwith,Now,Atpresent,recently,lately,Ingeneral,generallyspeaking,Foronething(foranother),Ontheonehand(ontheotherhand)
2.“承”。
用于承接主题句或前一个扩展句。
包括:
second,secondly,third,also/too,besidethis,inaddition(to),furthermore,moreover,whatismore,forexample/instance,asanexample,asanotherexample;namely,then,ofcourse,inotherwords,inparticular,inthesameway,afterthat,afterwards,afterafewdays,afterawhile,fromnowon,later,justas,similarly,meanwhile,atthesametime,bythistime,soon,consequently,forthispurpose
3.“转”。
用于表示不同或相反的情况。
包括:
afterall,but,yet,however,nevertheless,though,although,despite,inspiteof,onthecontrary,unlike,ontheotherhand,allthesame,unfortunately,still,infact,asamatteroffact
4.“合”。
用于小结上文的内容,引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。
包括:
Ashasbeennoted;Inconclusion;Inshort;Insummary;Therefore;Thus;Tosumup;Toconclude;Tosummarize;Briefly;Aboveall;Asaresult;Forthisreason;asIhavesaid;atlast;atlength;eventually;accordingly;indeed;surely;nodoubt;truly;so;obviously;certainly.
IV.常用句型
a.)提出观点
1.Advocatesof…proclaimthat…
2.Somepeoplethinkthat…Tobefrank,Icannotagreewiththeiropinionforthereasonbelow.
3.Oneofthegreatwritersoncesaidthat…Nowitstillhasarealisticsignificance.
4.Oneofthegreatmenonceremarkedthat…Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharethisbelief.
5.Foryears,…hasbeenseenas….Butthingsarequitedifferentnow.
6.Now,itiscommonlybelievedthat….Suchpeoplethink….ButIwonderwhether…
7.Despitetheargumentsabove,Iprefer…to…
8.Ibelievethatthetitlestatementisvalidbecause…
9.IagreewiththeabovestatementbecauseIbelievethat…
10.ConsequentlyIhavetoagreethat…
11.Ifindthestatementof…tobetoonarrow.
12.Formypart,Iamagainst/(infavorof)…
13.Asfaras…areconcerned,however,Iprefer…
14.YetIamoneofthemanypeoplewhofeelthat…
15.Generally,Ipreferto…
16.Icannotentirelyagreewiththeideathat….Ibelieve…
17.Whenitcomesto…,mostpeoplebelievethat…,butotherpeopleregard…as…
18.Noviewismoredangerousnowthantheonethat…(which)isgenerallyheldby…
19.Nobeliefissoundesirableastheonethat…(which)iscommonlyheldby…
20.Untilrecently,…wasregardedas…Butpeoplearetakingafreshlookatit.
21.Ifeelthatthesaying/proverbneatlyjustifiesthedecisionto….
22.When…,we,moreoftenthannot,preferto…
23.Inthediscussion,manypeoplesuggestthat…ButIarguethat…
24.ButwhatevertheadvantagesofA,IlikeB.
25.Somesay…Butotherstakeanegativeattitude.Inmyopinion,Iarguethat…
26.Myargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.
b.)阐述观点
1.Yetthereisaflawintheargumentthat…
2.Wemustfacetheessentialfactthat…
3.Noonecandenythefactthat…
4.Therearemanyreasonsfor…Foronething…Foranother…
5.Studiesshowthat…
6.Onethingisobvious…
7.Ifollowtheideathat…
8.Butactually,thisisnotthecase.
9.Itmustberealizedthat…
10.Itistruethatbycomparison…,but…
11.Anothercontributingfactorof…is…
12.Whyare…?
Foronething….Foranother…Perhapstheprimaryreasonis…
13.…ismainlyresponsiblefortherisein…
14.Whatthesepeoplefailtounderstandisthat…
15.Itistruethat…,butitdoes(necessarily)notfollowthat…
16.Theproblemisthat…
17.Ontheotherhand,Iappreciatethat…
18.Thereisalwaysadangerthat…,
19.TheadvantagesofBaremuchgreaterthanthoseofA.
20.Anotherfactoristhat…
21.Mycontention,however,isthat…
22.Thedilemmaiswhetheritisbetterto…
23.Whenfacedwith…,wefindcomfortintheideathat…
24.Thereisnoevidencetosu
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