雅思写作之怎样写好小作文主体段之动态图.docx
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雅思写作之怎样写好小作文主体段之动态图.docx
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雅思写作之怎样写好小作文主体段之动态图
学科教师辅导讲义
学生签字:
日期:
讲义编号:
LEEYKdulei001年级:
课时数:
3
学员姓名:
辅导科目:
雅思学科教师:
杜磊
授课日期及时段
第三讲怎样写好主体段之动态图
3主体段:
写1+X句,第一句总概括本段,X句按顺序介绍数据
1.第一句:
概括总体变化趋势或概括图由哪几部分组成。
1)如果图形里存在时间推移(不同年代/月份/时间段)——动态图形,概括总体变化趋势:
linegraph,barchart。
描写上升,下降,波动还是平稳趋势;或者概况哪一类数据整体上高于其他的各类数据。
(2)如果图形里不存在时间推移——静态图形,没有变化趋势,概括该图形展示了哪几类数据,或概况哪一类数据整体上高于其他的各类数据。
I.e.thefirsttableshowsthatcoffeesalesincreasedinallfivecountries.
3.1动态图
图表类型
解题思路
线图
第一种:
①按整条线来写(可以把相同趋势的线放在一起,也可把相反趋势的线拿来做对比);②挑选重要信息(整体趋势,起点,重点,最高点,最低点);③整体作比较。
第二种:
①按时间区间来写(横轴对上去有共同拐点或交点的分为一段);②对比着写(强调交点,拐点,最高点,最低点);
表格
①先相减(年份大的减小的);②后分类(上升一类,下降一类);③挑出极值(最大值);④挑选数值(倍数关系,变化明显的数值);
柱图
把各个柱子的顶点连起来就是几条线,所以按线图方式处理;
饼图
把每种颜色看做一条线,可把相同相反的颜色放在一起写,很多时候也可以把占的比例最大的单独写一部分。
动态图常见的表达
1)趋势词汇
上升动词类:
increase,rise,grow,jump,surge,shootup,soar
下降动词类:
decrease,decline,falldown,drop,sink,dip
波动动词类:
fluctuate
持平动词类:
remainthesame,stabilize,remainstable,remainconstant
修饰动词的副词:
slightly轻微地,slowly缓慢地,gradually逐渐地,steadily稳定地,rapidly迅速地,moderately温和地,轻微地,significantly明显地,sharply明显地,dramatically急剧地,drastically急剧地
上升名词类:
increase,rise,growth,jump,surge
下降名词类:
decrease,decline,fall,reduction,drop
波动名词类:
fluctuation
修饰名词的形容词:
slight,slow,gradual,steady,rapid,moderate,significant,sharp,dramatic,drastic
2)极值类词汇和表达
最高点:
reachthepeak/top/highestpoint
Increasetothepeak/top/highestpoint(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)
最低点:
reachthebottom/lowestpoint
droptothebottom/lowestpoint(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)
占了:
occupy/makeup/takeup/accountfor/represent/constitute
3)倍数的表达方式
Double是两倍/大一倍
Increase/decreasethreetimes增长/减少了三倍
4)大约的表达方式
Approximately/About/around+数字
常用的小作文的趋势句式表达
1)变化主体/图画中主体+趋势动词+副词+数值+时间区间
Thenumberofagedpeopleover65increasedsignificantlyfrom1millionin1940to1.2millionin2000.
2)Therebe+形容词+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+时间区间
Therewasasignificantincreaseinthenumberofagedpeopleover65from1millionin1940to1.2millionin2000.
3)时间+see/experience/witness+表示趋势的名词+in+变化的主体+数值
Theperiodfrom1940to2000sawanupwardtrendinthenumberofagedpeopleover65from1millionto1.2million.
4)表示趋势的名词+be+seen/experienced/witnessed+in+变化的主体+时间
Anupwardtrendwasseeninthenumberofagedpeopleover65from1millionin1940to1.2millionin2000.
3.1.1线图
单线:
纵向变化+纵向比较
1.体现变化的点:
峰值、谷值、转折点、交点、起点、终点
2.描述变化的词汇(动词、名词)
多线:
a.纵向变化+纵向比较(辅)+横向比较(主);各图间的联系
b.若能相互联系则对比、归纳起来写
c.如果联系不大,则分开写,结束段将其联系起来。
d.要点及写作顺序:
i.从总到分
ii.从最受欢迎到不受欢迎
iii.从上升/上涨到下降
iv.从最大值到最小值
v.从最主要特征到不重要特征
单线图:
ThenumberofmarriageinScotlandfellsharplyfrom9,000in1960to3,000in1970,andcontinuedtodeclineataslowrateuntilaround2,000in1985.From1985therewasagradualincreaseinthenumberofmarriageswhichthenleveledoffat3,500in1994.
双线图:
Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.
Radioandtelevisionaudiencesin
theUK,October-December1992
ThelinegraphdescribesthepercentageofradiolistenersandtelevisionvieweroverfouryearsintheU.K.throughoutthedayfromOct.toDec.in1992.
Thefigurerevealsthatbefore1:
00p.m.thereweremoreradioaudiences,whileafter1:
00p.m.morepeopleturnedtotelevision.
Thedataindicatedthatradiolistenersincreasedsubstantiallybefore8:
00am,whenthepercentagereachedtoapeakof27%.Then,itdeclinedsteadilyinthefollowing20hours,bottomingoutat2%at4:
00a.m.ofthenextday.Theperiodfrom4:
00amto6:
00amsawanotherslightriseto4%inradiolisteners.
AsforTVviewers,theperiodfrom6:
00a.m.to8:
30a.m.sawasharpincrease,whentherewasalevelingoffat8%until10:
00am..Fromthenon,itgenerallymaintainedasharplyupwardtrenduntilthepeak(45%)wasreachedat8:
00p.m.,inspiteofsomesmallfluctuation.However,therewasaslumpthereafterinthepercentage.Thepercentagereachedthebottomof3%at3:
00a.m,whentherewasaslightriseafterwards.
Thegeneraltrendwasthatthepercentageofbothradioandtelevisionaudiencesrosefirstandthendecrease,whilethetotalnumberofthelatterwasbiggerthantheformer.Inaddition,theprimetimeforradioandtelevisionwas8amand8pm,respectively.
三线图:
Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.
ThegraphshowstheincreaseintheageingpopulationinJapan,SwedenandtheUSA.
Itindicatesthatthepercentageofelderlypeopleinallthreecountriesisexpectedtoincreasetoalmost25%oftherespectivepopulationsbytheyear2040.
In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65ormorestoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%intheUS.However,whilethefiguresfortheWesterncountriesgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,thefigureforJapandippedtoonly2.5%formuchofthisperiod,beforerisingtoalmost5%againatthepresenttime.
Inspiteofsomefluctuationintheexpectedpercentages,theproportionofolderpeoplewillprobablycontinuetoincreaseinthenexttwodecadesinthethreecountries.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichtimeitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries.
四线图:
ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
Thegraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams).
However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable.
Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.
Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.
ThegraphbelowshowsthenumberofpeopleataLondonundergroundstationfrom6:
00to16:
00.
注:
这个图里存在时间变化,所以段首句可以概括整体的变化趋势(波动)。
段首句后面的“X句”按从左到右的时间顺序来介绍,应特别关注起点、变化趋势、明显的转折点、终点,而对于非特征数据只要适当介绍,不要追求“面面俱到”。
本图只提供了一条线,所以描述得非常仔细,但是对于不止一根线的图,我们就没有必要面面俱到。
解析:
Aswecanseefromthelinegraph,thenumberofpeopleusingthissubwaystationfluctuatessignificantlyoverthis16hours(由于是动态图,所以段首句选择概括数据的整体变化趋势:
显示波动).Morespecifically,atfirstat6amthenumberofpeopleatthestationstandsat(位于……)only100.Then,thenumbershootsupoverthenexttwohours(介绍明显的变化趋势),peakingat400at8am(特征点:
高峰值).Afterthat,thenumberdeclinesrapidly(介绍明显的趋势:
快速地下降)fornexttwohoursbottomingoutat180(明显的转折点)at10am.Theperiodbetween10o'clockand12o'clockexperiencesaslightgrowthinthenumberofpeopleinthestation,withthenumberreaching280atmidday.Numbersinthefollowingtwohoursleveloffatjustunder300people(不是正好在坐标值上的数据允许目测)overthefollowingtwohours(明显的趋势:
稳定).Afterthat,thenumberofpeopleinthestationdeclinesagain,endingatitslowestpointof90(特征点:
最低值)at4pm.
ThegraphcomparestherateofsmokingamongmenandwomeninSomerlandbetweentheyears1960and2000.
范文:
ThegraphcomparestherateofsmokinginmenandwomeninSomelandbetweentheyears1960and2000.
In1960,600inevery1,000menweresmoking.Theratedecreasedgraduallyto500by1974andcontinuedtodecreasebutmoresteeplyto250in2000.Incontrast,therateofsmokinginwomenin1960wasverylowatonly80inevery1,000.However,by1968thesmokingrateofmenincreasedto170,andincreasedagainbutmoresteeplyandpeakedat320in1977.Therateoffemalesmokersthenremainedstableat320until1984atwhichpointthefiguresbegantodeclineandhaddroppedto200by2000.
Inconclusion,itcanbeclearlyseenthattherateofsmokingforbothmenandwomenwasdecliningandthattherateofsmokinginmenwasalwaysatahigherlevelthanthefemalefigures.
3.1.2表格:
特点:
过于抽象;数字(比例)多,趋势不明显
方法:
1.横向比较。
介绍横向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势;
2.纵向比较。
介绍纵向各个数据的区别、变化和趋势;
3.不要将每一个数据分别说明,但要突出强调数据最大值和最小值;
4.对比时要总结出数据对比最悬殊的和最小的;
5.要进行一定的运算。
对于不同时间内同一事物的比较(动态)
1.先相减/相除,后分组
2.增加与减少的分组
3.幅度大的与幅度小的分组
ThetablesbelowgiveinformationaboutsalesofFaritrade*-labelledcoffeeandbananasin1999and2004infiveEuropeancountries.CambridgeIELTS10-TEST2
SalesofFairtrade-labelledcoffeeandbananas(1999&2004)
Coffee
1999
(millionsofeuros)
2004
(millionsofeuros)
UK
1.5
20
Switzerland
3
6
Denmark
1.8
2
Belgium
1
1.7
Sweden
0.8
1
Bananas
1999
(millionsofeuros)
2004
(millionsofeuros)
Switzerland
15
47
UK
1
5.5
Belgium
0.6
4
Sweden
1.8
1
Denmark
2
0.9
*Fairtrade:
acategoryofproductsforwhichfarmersfromdevelopingcountrieshavebeenpaidanofficiallyagreedfairprice.
考官满分范文的开头段:
ThetwotablesshowsalesdataforFairtradecoffeeandbananasin1999and2004infivenationsofEurope.
解析:
本题的第一个表格提供了1999年和2004年的咖啡销量数据,由于存在着时间变化,而且各国的变化趋势都是上升的,所以第一个主体段首句概括这个表格里的数据整体变化趋势:
Thefirsttableshowsthatcoffeesalesincreasedinallfivecountries.
本题第二个表格提供了1999年和2004年的香蕉销量数据,其中Switzerland,theUK和Belgium数据是上升的,而另外两国数据是下降的。
第二个主体段首句概括哪个国家的数据整体上高于其他各国的数据。
Inthesecondtable,itisSwitzerlandthatstandsoutasbuyingfarmorebananasthantheotherfourcountries.
对于含有时间变化的图形(动态图
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