高级口语讲义.docx
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高级口语讲义.docx
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高级口语讲义
高级口语讲义(新东方)BEC高级口语讲义(新东方)LessonOneFormalVerbalCommunicationinBusinessI正式商业交流
(1)–研讨会PartI句型?
QuestioningTechniques提问技巧?
ALeaderandAGoodListener,AttheSameTime做好的听众,做好的领导者?
GivingCriticism提出批评观点的技巧PartII?
1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8)9)10)11)12)13)14)15)TheHow-TosGeneralproceduresofaseminar/lectureSelf-introductionIntroductionofTopicDescribingsequencesandtimingHighlightinginformationInvolvingtheaudienceGivinginstructionsCheckingunderstandingAskingquestionsClarifyingquestionsEvadingquestionsInvitingcommentsInterruptingTransitionsReformulationsClosing自我介绍Objectives?
roceduresofSeminarsLeadingandCommonlyUsedSentenceStructures研讨会各个程序及常用LeadingSeminars/QuestioningTechniquesLanguageReferenceSelf-introductionGoodmorning,I'm----andI'vebeeninvitedtogivethistalk/presentation/lecturebecause--Ihavedoneresearchin/Ihaveaspecialinterestin/myexperienceisinIntroductionofTopic话题介绍Inmypresentation/talk/lecturetodayIshallbedealingwith--Thesubjectofmy----todayis---WhatI'dliketodotodayisintroduce/suggest/analyse/describe/explainMytopic/subjecttodayis--Ishallbedealingwith2/3/4….mainareas/topics/subjectstodayDescribingSequencesandTiming程序介绍与时间安排FirstIwantto/spendafewminutesoutlining---/remindyouofthebackgroundto/summarisethe----/explain---/present--NextIshall---/afterthatIwilltaketheopportunityofdescribing---/Thenwe'lllookat--FinallyIwantto--HighlightingInformation(Rhetoricalquestions)So,whatdoesthatmean?
/Howcanweinterpretthis?
/What'stheexplanationforthis?
/Whataretheimplicationsofthesefindings?
(Changeoffocus)Whatthattellsusis/WhatI'msuggestingis/Whatisclearisthat(Introducingauxiliaryverb)Soclearlywedoneedto--/Obviouslytheydidunderstandthat---/Ofcourseyoudowantoknowwhy--InvolvingtheAudience听者的参与重点介绍Let'shaveashowofhands,howmanyofyouagreewith---I'msureweallknowwhatit'sliketo--Letmeaskyouspendacoupleofsecondsthinkingabout--Well,whatwouldyoudo,Iwonder--Justlookaroundtheroomandtakeanoteof/howmanymenarewearingatie---/howmanypeoplearewearingjeans---/theaverageageoftheparticipantsGivingInstructions给予指示Forthisexercise,wearegoingtoworkinpairs:
groupsof3/4/5Makeanoteofthesewords/figuresReadtheparagraphonpage--PleasenotethatIshallbetimingtheexerciseandyouhaveexactly7minutesNowcompletethequestionnaireandputyournameinthetopleft-handcornerCheckingUnderstandingIseveryonewithmesofar?
Arethereanyquestionsatthisstage?
Wouldanyonelikemetorunthroughthatagain?
Ifyouhaveanyproblemswiththedetail,don'tworrybecausealltheinformationisinyourhandoutAskingQuestions询问问题随时观察听者反映Directquestions/open-ended:
What/why/how/where/whenClosedquestions:
Doyou/didyouDelicatequestions:
Iwaswonderingif/couldIaskyou/wouldyoumindtellingme/ifit'snotindiscreetI'dliketoknow/mightIask/mayIaskClarifyingQuestions澄清问题Soyouwanttoknowabout---/isitthefiguresthatworryyou/whenyousay---doyoumean---/IfI'veunderstoodthequestionyouwanttoknowabout--EvadingQuestions回避问题That'snotreallymyfield---/that'sabitoutsidethescopeoftoday'stopic/Ihaven'tgotthepreciseinformationwithmetoday/that'snotreallyformetosay/I'dneednoticeofthatquestiontoansweryouinfull/thisisnotreallytheplacetodiscussthatmatter/perhapsthat'saquestionforanothermeetingInvitingComments鼓励并听取意见Hasanyonegotanyquestionsatthispoint?
Wouldanyoneliketocommentonthat?
Doesanyonedisagreewithmylastpoint?
Cananyoneconfirmmyexperience?
IfnobodyhasanyquestionsthenI'llmoveonInterrupting中断I'dliketodiscussitfurther,butIthinkit'stimetomoveonCouldIjuststopyouthere--IfImightjustadd---I'msurewe'dallagree,butperhapsweshouldgetbacktothemainpointTransitions过渡Ifwecouldnowturnto---/mynextpointis---/whatIwanttodonextis---/let'smoveonto---/thatcompletesmyanalysisof---/so,nowwearegoingto---Reformulations总结IfImightjustgooverthatagain---/so,insummary---/justtoremindyouofthekeyfacts/themainpoints/theadvantagesof---/mymainargumentswere--Closing结束ThankyouforlisteningtometodayIhopeyouhavefoundmypresentationusefulThankyouforyourattentionQuestioningTechniques提问技巧Reasonsforaskingquestions:
ToobtaininformationTofindouttheopinionsofotherpeopleToaskotherpeopletocontributeideasTofindoutthereasonsbehindeventsToseekconfirmationThestatusofthequestionerThequestionermayhaveanofficialneedtoaskquestions-work-role,legalpower,etc.,orthequestionermayhaveanentirelypersonalcuriositytosatisfy.Iftheroleisofficial,thequestionerneedstochoosethequestioningstylewithcareinordertoproducetherequiredresults.Questioningcanbequiteathreateningactivityinsomecircumstances.Forexample,ifthequestionerwantsinformation,thenthepersonwhohasthatinformationmayfeelthats/heisbeingaskedtogiveupsomethingthatrepresentsanadvantage.Ifthequestionerismerelycuriousinasocialsetting,thentheimportantpointisthelevelofdelicacyofthequestion.Inmostcultures,verypersonaldetailssuchashowmuchmoneyweearnistooprivatetoformthesubjectofquestionsbyothers.ChoicesofquestionstyleClosedv.openClosedquestionspermitonly'yes'/'no'answers.Theymaythereforebemorethreateningthanopenquestionsbecausetheyleavenoroomforexpansionorexplanation.Thequestionerneedstodecideifitwouldbemoretactfultoask:
Haveyoufinishedthatreportyet?
OrHowareyougettingonwiththatreport?
Thefirstquestionimpliesthatthereportisnowdue;thesecondmerelyasksforaprogressstatement.Theopenquestionallowstherespondenttoelaborateanddoesnothaveovertonesofauthority.Wh-typequestionsQuestionsstartingwithquestionwords:
what,when,why,who,how,areopenquestionsbuttheyarealsoverydirect.Toomanyquestionslikethishavetheflavourofaninterrogationandmaymakethepersonbeingquestionedfeeluncomfortable.Itmaybenecessarytoprefacethequestionswithphrasesthatshowthequestionerisawareoftheintrusivenessofthequestion:
MayIaskyou…Couldyoutellme…Wouldyoumindtellingme…IwonderifIcouldaskyou….Iwouldbeinterestedinknowing…Ifit'snotindiscreet,mayIask….Iknowit'snotreallymybusiness,but….FacilitativestylesofaskingquestionsIftheintentionofthequestionerisreallytoprompttheinterlocutorindisclosinginformationfreely,thenquestiontechniquesmaynotbeappropriateatall.Insteaditmightbebettertoechoandtoreformulateinordertogivetheinterlocutortheopportunitytoexpand.IllustrativedialogueA.B.Well,Iliveinaflatinaratherpoorpartoftown.Poorpartoftown…?
A.night.B.A.Yes,it'squitedirtyandthestreetsarebadlylit.That'swhyIdon'tlikegoingoutaloneatSoyou'refrightenedtogooutalone?
Well,yesbecausewehearofattacksandmuggings.That'swhyIwanttoleave.Inthisdialogue,speakerBdoesn'ttrytotaketheinitiative,butmerelyechoesandreformulatestopromptspeakerAtosaywhatworriesher.PartIIILet’sTalkBusinessLEADINGTHROUGHCHANGE:
ListeningasaleaderOften,whenwethinkofcommunication,wethinkofspeaking,presenting,writing--deliveringamessageinsomeway.Butaneffectivecommunicatorisalsoadeptatreceivingmessages.Youwon'tbudgepeopletowardagoaliftheydon'tfeelthatthey'vehadinput,thatthey'vebeenheardandunderstood,andthatthevisionthey'reworkingtowardisalsotheirownvision.Listeningtoyourfollowersistheonlywayyoucanmakethishappen.Tobeagoodleader,HEAROUTwhatothershavetosay:
HoldjudgmentandholdeyefocusListencarefullyandwithanopenmind--ifyou'redefensiveyoumaymisscriticalinformation.Don'tformulateyouranswerwhileapersonisstillspeaking.Watchforsubtlebodylanguagethatmayofferextracluestothespeaker'struemeaning.Also,holdeyefocus.Ifyoudon't'lookatthepersonwhoisspeakingtoyou,youcan'testablishtrust.Asaleader,youwantfollowerstotrustyouandbelieveinyou.Endallothertasks.Showrespectforpeoplebyputtingasideyourpaper,lunch,etc.,anddon'ttakephonecalls.You'llbebetterregarded,andyou'llsavetime.By"doingitrightthefirsttime,"therewon'tbemisunderstandingsoranyneedtorepeatinformation.Bereadytojobdownnotesasthepersonspeaks.Allowthespeakertofinish.Don'tinterrupt.Don'tchangethesubject.Don'tfinishsentencesforthespeaker.Remainquietuntilyou'resurethespeakerhascompletedhisorherthoughts.Readbetweenthelines.Asyoulistentothespeaker,listenforwhatmightbeleftunsaid.It'snotalwayseasyforapersontoapproachsomeoneinamoreseniorpositionandtellitlikeitis.Ifyouwanttogetanhonestopinionofsomeofyourideasandactions,you'llneedtoprobe.You'llalsoneedtovaluethatfeedbackandthepersonwhogaveittoyou.Nevershootthemessenger.Outlineyourunderstanding.Oncethepersonisfinishedspeaking,reiteratewhatyoubelievetobethemainideas,issues,etc.Statethemsimplyand,ifpossible,tryto"rank"themfrommostimportanttoleast.Ateachstep,askthespeakerifyou'vecorrectlyheardthemessage.Takethetimetobecertain,oryou'vebothsimplywastedtime.Underlinemajorpoints.Onceyouandthespeakeragreeonthemainideasthathavebeenuncovered,focusyourattentionononeortwoofthemostimportant:
Whatneedstobedonerightnowtomakethe
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