考研英语2 练习4.docx

考研英语2 练习4.docx

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考研英语2练习4

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,it'sanecessarycondition_____

（1）manyworthwhilethings:

childcare,friendships,etc.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour_____

（2）,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh_____（3）.

_____（4）,whydowetrustatall?

Well,becauseitfeelsgood._____（5）peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoxytocin,ahormonethat_____（6）pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto_____（7）withoneanother.Scientistshavefoundthatexposure_____（8）thishormoneputsusinatrusting_____（9）:

InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoxytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir_____（10）whoinhaledsomethingelse.

_____（11）forus,wealsohaveasixthsensefordishonestythatmay_____（12）us.ACanadianstudyfoundthatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate_____（13）acrediblepersonandadishonestone.Sixtytoddlerswereeach_____（14）toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“What’sinhere?

”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andexclaiming,“Wow!

”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook_____（15）.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf_____（16）thecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad_____（17）them.

Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere_____（18）tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership._____（19）,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“_____（20）”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.

1．[A]on[B]like[C]for[D]from

2．[A]faith[B]concern[C]attention[D]interest

3．[A]benefit[B]debt[C]hope[D]price

4．[A]Therefore[B]Then[C]Instead[D]Again

5．[A]Until[B]Unless[C]Although[D]When

6．[A]selects[B]produces[C]applies[D]maintains

7．[A]consult[B]compete[C]connect[D]compare

8．[A]at[B]by[C]of[D]to

9．[A]context[B]mood[C]period[D]circle

10．[A]counterparts[B]substitutes[C]colleagues[D]supporters

11．[A]Funny[B]Lucky[C]Odd[D]Ironic

12．[A]monitor[B]protect[C]surprise[D]delight

13．[A]between[B]within[C]toward[D]over

14．[A]transferred[B]added[C]introduced[D]entrusted

15．[A]out[B]back[C]around[D]inside

16．[A]discovered[B]proved[C]insisted[D]remembered

17．[A]betrayed[B]wronged[C]fooled[D]mocked

18．[A]forced[B]willing[C]hesitant[D]entitled

19．[A]Incontrast[B]Asaresult[C]Onthewhole[D]Forinstance

20．[A]inflexible[B]incapable[C]unreliable[D]unsuitable

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService（NHS）andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence（AI）companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.

DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinizedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.

Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.

Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.

1.WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?

[A]Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.

[B]Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient’srights.

[C]Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectations

[D]Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.

2.TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith_________.

[A]emptypromises.

[B]toughresistance.

[C]necessaryadjustments.

[D]sincereapologies.

3.TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that________.

[A]privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.

[B]leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.

[C]makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.

[D]thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit

4.Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis________.

[A]theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.

[B]theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.

[C]theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.

[D]themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis________.

[A]ambiguous.

[B]cautious.

[C]appreciative.

[D]contemptuous.

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubtitlesfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph（1-5）.Therearetwoextrasubtitleswhichyoudonotneedtouse.（10points）

A.Justsayit

B.Bepresent

C.Payauniquecompliment

D.Name,places,things

E.Findthe“metoo”s

F.Skipthesmalltalk

G.Askforanopinion

Fivewaystomakeconversationwithanyone

Conversationsarelinks,whichmeanswhenyouhaveaconversationwithanewpersonalinkgetsformedandeveryconversationyouhaveafterthatmomentwillstrengthenthelink.

Youmeetnewpeopleeveryday:

thegroceryworker,thecabdriver,newpeopleatworkorthesecurityguardatthedoor.Simplystartingaconversationwiththemwillformalink.

Herearefivesimplewaysthatyoucanmakethefirstmoveandstartaconversationwithstrangers.

41、______________________________________________

Supposeyouareinaroomwithsomeoneyoudon’tknowandsomethingwithinyousays“Iwanttotalkwiththisperson”-thisissomethingthatmostlyhappenswithallofus.Youwantedtosaysomething-thefirstword–butitjustwon’tcomeout,itfeelslikeitisstucksomewhere.Iknowthefeelingandhereismyadvice:

justgetitout.

Justthink:

whatistheworstthatcouldhappen?

Theywon’ttalkwithyou?

Well,theyarenottalkingwithyounow!

Itrulybelievethatonceyougetthatfirstwordouteverythingelsewilljustflow.Sokeepitsimple:

“Hi”，“Hey”or“Hello”-dothebestyoucantogatheralloftheenthusiasmandenergyyoucan,putonabigsmileandsay“Hi”.

42、______________________________________________

Itisaproblemallofusface;youhavelimitedtimewiththepersonthatyouwanttotalkwithandyouwanttomakethistalkmemorable.

Honestly,ifwegotstuckintheresultof“hi”,“hello”,”howareyou?

”and“whatisgoingon?

”,youwillfailtogivetheinitialjolttotheconversationthatcanmakeitsomemorable.

Sodon’tbeafraidtoaskmorepersonalquestions.Trustme,you’llbesurprisedtoseehowmuchpeoplearewillingtoshareifyoujustask.

43、______________________________________________

Whenyoumeetapersonforthefirsttime,makeanefforttofindthethingswhichyouandthatpersonhaveincommonsothatyoucanbuildtheconversationfromthatpoint.Whenyoustartconversationfromthereandthenmoveoutwards,you'llfindallofasuddenthattheconversationbecomesaloteasier.

44、______________________________________________

Imagineyouarepouringyourheartouttosomeoneandtheyarejustbusyontheirphone,andifyouaskfortheirattentionyougettheresponse“Icanmultitask”.

Sowhensomeonetriestocommunicatewithyou,justbeinthatcommunicationwholeheartedly.Mikeeyecontact.Trustme,eyecontactiswhereallthemagichappens.Whenyoumakeeyecontact,youcanfeeltheconversation.

45、______________________________________________

Youallcameintoaconversationwhereyoufirstmettheperson,butaftersometimeyoumayhavemetagainandhaveforgottentheirname.Isn’tthatawkward!

So,rememberthelittledetailsofthepeopleyoumetor