论《白鲸》中的象征意义.docx
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论《白鲸》中的象征意义.docx
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论《白鲸》中的象征意义
本科毕业论文(设计)
题目:
OnTheSymbolicMeaningsinMobyDick
论《白鲸》中的象征意义
姓名:
姚小梅
学院:
外国语学院
专业:
英语专业(师范类)
班级:
英语2010级1班
学号:
1552100126
指导教师:
刘云职称:
讲师
2014年6月17日
安徽科技学院教务处制
OnTheSymbolicMeaningsinMobyDick
ByYaoXiaomei
SupervisedbyLiuYun
Inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirement
FortheB.A.degree
SchoolofForeignLanguages
AnhuiScienceandTechnologyUniversity
June2014
Abstract
HermanMelville(1819-1891)isoneofthedistinguishedwritersofAmericainthe1900s.ItcansaythatMobyDickishisrepresentativework.Andthisworkisgenerallyregardedasoneofthemostsymbolicnovelsintheworldliterature.However,literarycircleshasnotattachedimportancetoMobyDickwhenitwaspublishedin1851.Itwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturythatthisshiningstarhasyieldedunusuallybrilliantresultsandhaswonhundredsofthousandsofwritersandcriticsfavor.Thehitting-pointsoftheirresearcharedifferent.Whilethesymbolismisstrikingamongthem,andsymbolismplaysanimportantroleintheunderstandingtoreaders.
HermanMelvilletakesadvantageofagooddealofsymbolisminMobyDick.Tosomeextent,symbolismisexertedbytheauthorincisivelyandvividly.ItissaidthatsymbolismderivedfromthesymbolicmovementofFrenchinthelatenineteencentury.Andithasalreadybecomeanimportantwritingtechniquetonovels.ItisnoticedthatHermanMelvillehaspresentedvividlytheprofoundmeaningsofMobyDicktoreadersthroughsymbolism,whichpromotesthecomprehensionofreadersandtheycanacknowledgeAmericansociety,culture,religionbeliefsofthe19thcenturyandthedevelopmentofsymbolismtoAmericanliterature.
InHermanMelville’swriting,therearetwobigcluesthatappealtopeople,namelyprotagonistAhabandMobyDick.Itisdesignedthattheyaretwoopposingcamps:
HumanandNature.Inthenovel,bigotedandselfishAhabpledgeshislifetocatchMobyDickforthesakeofhishatredoflosingaleg.Andfinallyallpeople(exceptIshmael)diedasaresultofAhab’srevenge.Theirfatesinacertaindegreereflectthefinalfatesbetweenhumanandnature.Inthearticle,Melvilleusessymbolismadeptly.Consequentlywecangeteachelement’ssymbolicmeaningswithcolorandlife.Inthispapertheauthorwilltrytoanalyzedifferentsymbolicimages,suchaspeople,importantcluesandsignificanteventssothatshowthesymbolismofMobyDicktopeople.Ihopethatmyanalysiswouldenrichpeople’sunderstandtothiswork’sthemes.What’smoreimportantisthatIhopepeoplecouldreallycomprehendtherelationbetweenhumanandnature.DonotactlikeAhab,hisonlypurposeforlifeistobreakthepowerofnature.Itisnotadvisabletolossatbothsides.Ofcoursewecan’tbeconceitedorunderestimateourcapabilitiestowardnature.Harmoniouscoexistenceisthebestchoiceforbothsides.
ThewholethesisiscomposedoffivepartscombinedwiththeuseofsymbolisminMobyDick.ThefirstpartwillgiveusabriefintroductiontoHermanMelville,MobyDick’splotandthebackgroundinformation;Inthesecondchaptertheauthorwillrepresentthedefinitionofsymbolandsymbolism;ThethirdchapterwillanalyzeAhab’ssymbolicmeanings;theforthpartistotalkaboutthesymbolicmeaningsofMobyDick;andthelastpartpresentsusthesymbolismofPequod.Finallythethesisreachesaconclusion.
KeyWords:
MobyDick;HermanMelville;CaptainAhab;Symbol;Symbolism
中文摘要
赫尔曼·麦尔维尔(1819-1891)是美国19世纪著名作家之一,《白鲸》可以说是他的代表作。
这部小说被认为是世界上最有象征意义的小说之一,然而在1851年《白鲸》的问世并没有引起文学界的重视,这颗璀璨明星直到20世纪才大放异彩,赢得无数作家和评论家的亲睐。
他们的切入点各不相同,而象征手法是其中重要一项,对于作品的理解起着十分重要的作用。
在《白鲸》中,麦尔维尔使用了大量的象征手法,象征主义的应用可以说是淋漓尽致。
象征主义源于十九世纪晚期的法国象征主义运动,它已成为现代小说中一种重要的创作手法。
通过运用象征主义手法,赫尔曼·麦尔维尔形象而生动地表达出了《白鲸》中的深刻含义,这促进了广大读者对《白鲸》这部作品的理解,让读者对19世纪美国的社会、文化、宗教信仰有了深层次的体会,同事也推动了象征主义手法在美国文学史上的发展。
在赫尔曼·麦尔维尔的笔下,《白鲸》中有两大线索吸引着人们的眼球,即主人公(船长)亚哈与莫比迪克,他们可以说是小说中的两大对立阵营:
人与自然的对立。
偏执,自私的亚哈为报失腿之深仇大恨,誓死追击白鲸,直至最终的灭亡,这也象征着人类社会与自然地最终命运。
文章中,作者娴熟地运用象征手法,使得各个要素在作品中的象征意义活灵活现。
本文将通过分析小说中具有不同象征意义的人物、重要线索、意象和重要事件,从而向人们展示《白鲸》中的象征意义,希望能进一步丰富人们对这部小说及其主题的理解。
更重要的是,我希望借助白鲸这部作品,人们能够真正领会人与自然地关系,能与自然和睦相处。
而不像亚哈那样,一心就想冲破自然界的力量,两败俱伤,何必呢?
在自然界面前,我们不能狂妄自大,当然也不要妄自菲薄,融洽相处才是王道。
本文结合《白鲸》中的象征主义手法的运用,把文章共分为五个章节,第一章节简要介绍作者与作品及时代背景;第二部分讲述象征和象征主义;第三章分析亚哈在《白鲸》中的象征意义;第四章节通过作者对白鲸的描写,从而揭示白鲸的象征意义;第五章展示捕鲸船皮阔得号象征意义,最后得出结论。
关键词:
白鲸;赫尔曼·麦尔维尔;亚哈船长;象征,象征主义
Contents
AbstractinEnglish………………………………………………………………
AbstractinChinese………………………………………………………………Introduction…………………………………………………………………………Chapter1ABriefIntroductionofAuthorandWork……………………
1.1TheIntroductiontoHermanMelville……………………………………………
1.2PlotOverview………………………………………………………………
1.3BackgroundInformation…………………………………………………
Chapter2SymbolandSymbolism……………………………………………
2.1ABriefIntroductiontoSymbol……………………………………………
2.2ABriefIntroductiontoSymbolism………………………………………
2.3TheFunctionofSymbolism………………………………………………
Chapter3TheSymbolsinMobyDick…………………………………
3.1AhabHimself………………………………………………………………
3.2Ahab’sSpirits………………………………………………………………
3.2.1ExploringtheFinalTruth……………………………………………
3.2.2TheSpiritofSelf-identity……………………………………………
3.2.3TheSpiritofHeroism…………………………………………………
3.2.4TheEmbodimentofRevolutionarySpirit……………………………
3.3TheSymbolofAhabHuntingMobyDick…………………………………
3.4TheSymbolofMobyDick…………………………………………………
3.4.1MobyDickitself……………………………………………………………
3.4.2TheSymbolofWhiteness……………………………………………3.4.3TheSymbolofCapitalismModeofProduction………………………
3.5TheSymbolofShip’sName:
Pequod………………………………………
3.6OtherObjects’Symbol………………………………………………………
Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………
Introduction
HermanMelville,Americanauthor,best-knownforhismasterpieceoftheseaMobyDick.“Ihavewrittenawickedbookandfeelasthelamb,”MelvillewrotetoHawthorne.MaybeMelvilleisright.Whenthisnovelwaspublished,itdidnotbringMelvillethefamehehadacquiredinthe1840s.However,MobyDickispopularwiththereadersandcriticsafter1919.ItissaidthatthisbookisthereflectionofMelville’stime.Andthisnovelwashonoredas“ThemostabundantexpressionofAmericanimagination”.
MobyDickisastoryaboutAhab.WhaleshipPequod,wascommandedbyCaptainAhab.Ahabmadealivingbywhaling.Moreover,hewassophisticatedinsailing,andsailingformorethanfortyyears.Oncehelostalegaccidentlywhenfightingwithanenormousandferociouswhitewhale.Fromthenon,Ahabvowedtorevenge.Heabandonedhiswifeandchildren,andputallhisegginonebasket,thatwasrevenge.ThenAhab’sburningdesireforrevengereallywasthecenterofthestory.AttheendofMobyDick,AhabfoundandattackedMobyDick.Onthefirstday,thewhaleoverturnedaboat;onasecondday,itswampedanother.Whenthethirddaycame,Ahabandallhiscrewmanagedtoplungeaharpoonintoit,butalloftheremainingwhaleboatsandmenarecaughtinthevortexcreatedbythesinkingPequodandpulledundertotheirdeathsexpectIshmael,whosurvivestotellthetale.
MobyDickcouldbereadasathrillingseastory,anexaminationoftheconflictbetweenhumanandnature-thebattlebetweenAhabandthewhitewhaleisopentomanyinterpretations.Itisapioneernovelbuttheprairieisocean,oranallegoryontheGoldRush,butnowthegoldiswhale.Andthereadersaredeeplyimpressedonapluralityoflinguisticdiscourses,philosophicalspeculations,andShakespeareanrhetoricanddramaticstaging.MysteriousCaptainAhab,acombinationofMacbeth,JobandMilton’sSatan,devotedhislifetohisrevenge.AndAhabrevealstohiscrewthepurposeofthevoyageistohuntandkillMobyDick,whohadcostAhab’slegonapreviousvoyage.
TherearetworeasonstoMobyDick’spopularity.Firstly,HermanMelvilledescribesmoredetailsaboutwhalingspectacle;secondly,it’senduringfascinationandpredominantliteraryvalueliesintheapplicationofallkindsofcomplicatedsymbolismwhollyexpressesMelville’sideastowardstemporalculture,religionandsocialdevelopment.Inbrief,symbolcanexpressparticularsignificanceandinterpretsomekindofideasbythespecificimages.
ThusitcanbeseenthatsymbolismplaysavitalroleinliteratureandweareavailabletorealizethatpredictableperfectsymbolisminMobyDick.Let’sturnintotheworldofsymbolismofMobyDick
Chapter1ABriefIntroductionofAuthorandWork
1.1TheIntroductiontoHermanMelville
HermanMelville,(August1,1819 –September28,1891)whowasborninNewYork,wasanAmerican novelist,poet,andwriterofshortstories.HewasthethirdofeightchildrenborntoMariaGansevoortMelvilleandAllanMelville,aprosperousimporterofforeigngoods.Whenthefamilybusinessfailedattheendofthe1820s,theMelvillesrelocatedtoAlbanyinanattempttorevivetheirfortunes.However,becauseofastringoffuturebadluckandoverwork,hisfatherdrovetoanearlygrave.AndtheyoungMelvillehadtostarttoworkforhisfamilywhenhewasonlythirteenyearsold.
Afterafewyearsofformaleducation,Melvillewasforcedtoleaveschoolandtobecomeanelementaryschoolteacher.Fromthattimeon,Melville’scareerbegan.Attheageofnineteen,Melvillemadehisfirstseavoyage,asamerchantsailoronashipboundforLiverpool.Inthesummerof1842,MelvilleandoneofhisfellowsailorsgotinMarquesasIslands.WhileMelvillebecameseparatedfromhiscompanionandlamedabadleg,hespentamonthaloneinthecompanyofthenatives.Withthehelpofthisexperience,MelvillecreatedhisfirstnovelTypee:
APeepatPolynesianLife,publishedin1846.Melvillesetouttowriteaseriesofnovelsdetailinghisadventuresandhi
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