虚拟语气.docx
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虚拟语气.docx
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虚拟语气
SubjunctiveMood
虚拟语气
一.语气的分类
●陈述语气
①Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.
②Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.
●祈使语气
①Let’sgo.
②Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.
●虚拟语气
①IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.
②Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon
二.虚拟语气
1.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
条件从句
If从句的谓语形式
主句的谓语形式
现在
V.+ed(were)
would/could/should/might+V(原)
过去
haddone
would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
未来
1.V.+ed.
2.should+V.(原)
3.weretodo
would/could/should/might+V.(原)
Eg:
1.a.IfhewerehereIwouldexplainittohimmyself
b.Iftherewerenowaterontheearth,therewouldbenolife.
c.Ifwehadtimenow,weshould(would)readitagain.
2.a.IfIhadseenhimyesterday,Iwouldhaveaskedhimforhelp.
b.IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishouldnothavemadesuchamistake.
c.Iwouldn’thavebelievedit,ifIhadn’tseenithappen.
3.a.Ifyoudroppedtheglass,itwouldbreak.
b.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.
c.Ifsheshouldcome,Iwouldaskherforhelp.
2.虚拟语气的特殊句型
①wish的宾语从句现在:
现在:
过去时(were)
过去:
过去完成时
未来:
would/could/might+V.
Eg:
a.IwishIwereastallasyou.
b.IwishIwereabird.
表示对过去情况的虚拟:
从句动词常用“had+过去分词”。
c.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.
d.Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.
e.Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.
②wouldratherthat
现在:
过去时
过去:
过去完成时
未来:
过去时
Eg:
a)Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.
b)Iwouldratheryouhadattendedthemeetingyesterday.
c)Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
③asif/though+Clause
现在:
过去时
过去:
过去完成时
Eg:
a)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.
b)Itseemsthatitwerespring.
c)Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.
d)Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
e)Helooksasifheweredrunk.
④It’s(about/high)time+that
过去时(were)
Should(不省)+V.
Eg:
你该走了。
It’shightimethatyouwent.
It’shightimethatyouweregoing.
It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.
我们该去睡觉了。
It’stimethatwewenttobed.
It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.
⑤表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。
使用should+动词原形,或者将should省略。
宾语从句中常见动词:
一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。
即
1).insist
2).order,command
3).advise,suggest,propose
4).demand,require,request,desire
Eg:
a)WesuggestedthatTomhavearest.
b)HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent
c)Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday.
d)Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.
注意:
如suggest,insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
e)Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
f)Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句,表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气,从句中的动词形式一样。
order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire
g)It’ssuggestedthattheplanbecarriedout.
h)Mydemandisthatsheshouldcometoseemeonceaweek.
i)Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.
⑥without和butfor构成虚拟。
butfor要不是
Eg:
a)Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.
b)Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.
c)Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.
d)Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.
含蓄条件句:
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来代替条件句
e)Iwasillthatday.otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)
f)Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)
g)Amanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.(独立主格结构)
⑦Ifonly…要是就好了
Eg:
a)IfonlyIknewhisname!
b)Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!
c)IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!
d)Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!
e)IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!
⑧It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即(should)+动词原形
Eg:
a)Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.
b)Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.
c)It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard
3.虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:
①假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致,叫做错综条件虚拟语气。
主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
a)Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.
b)Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.
②假设条件虚拟倒装。
条件从句中有should,were,had三个助动词可以把if省略,并将这三个词提至句首。
a)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.
WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.
b)Ifitwerenotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.
Wereitnotforyouradvice,wecouldn’thavegotoverthedifficulties.
c)IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.
HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.
d)Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
③谓语动词以should+havedone的形式出现的时候,表示过去应该做而没有做的事情,从而表示一种责备的语气。
a)Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkyesterday.
b)Youshouldhavecomeherefiveminutesearlier.
c)Heshouldhavetoldmeaboutitearlier.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
a)IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
b)Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
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