exercise语言和语言学.docx
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exercise语言和语言学.docx
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exercise语言和语言学
Exercise11LanguageandLinguistics语言和语言学
1.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,_______referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.
A.paroleB.PerformanceC.langueD.Language
2.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconnectionbetween_______andmeanings.
A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas
3.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled_______,
A.displacementB.dualityC.flexibilityD.culturaltransmission
4.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled_______________.
A.generallinguisticsB.Sociolinguistics
C.psycholiguisticsD.aplliedlinguistics
5.Thedescriptiongofalanguageatsomepointintimeisastudy___________
A.diachronicB.synchronicC.descrpitveD.prescriptive
6.Findingsinlinguisticsstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesolutionsofsomepracticalproblems,thestudyofsuchapplicationsisknownas__________.
A.anthropologicallinguisticsB.computationallinguistics
C.appliedlinguisticsD.mathematicallinguistics
7.Whichofthefollowingisn’tamajorbranchoflinguistics
A.PhonologyB.SyntaxC.PragmaticsD.Speech
8.Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor“correct”linguisticbehaviour,itissaidtobe____.
A.prescriptiveB.sociolinguistic
C.descriptiveD.Psycholinguistic
9.ThefamousquotationfromShakespeare'splay“RomeoandJuliet”‘Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet’wellillustrates________.
A.theconventionalnatureoflanguage
B.thecreativenatureoflanguage
C.theuniversalityoflanguage
D.thebigdifferencebetweenhumanlanguageandanimalcommunication
10.Chomskyusestheterm_________torefertotheactualrealizationofalanguageuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinlinguisticcommunication.
A.langueB.competence
C.paroleD.performance
11.AccordingtoChomsky,whichistheidealuser'sinternalizedknowledgeofhislanguage
A.competenceB.parole
C.performanceD.langue
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutlanguageisNOTtrue
A.LanguageisasystemB.Languageissymbolic
C.AnimalsalsohavelanguageD.Languageisarbitrary
13.Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit"is________.
A.informativeB.phatic
C.directiveD.performative
14.Whatisthemostimportantfunctionoflanguage
A.InterpersonalB.Phatic
C.InformativeD.Metalingual
15.Thefunctionofthesentence“Whatabeautifulday!
”is____________.
A.performativeB.emotive
C.informativeD.phatic
16.Saussuretooka(n)_______viewoflanguage,whileChomskylooksatlanguagefroma________pointofview.
A.sociological…psychologicalB.psychological…sociological
C.applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic
17.Thestudyof_________doesNOTformthecoreoflinguistics.
A.semanticsB.pragmatics
C.computer-linguisticsD.phonology
18.__________isregardedasthe“fatherofmodernlinguistics”
A.ChomskyB.Saussure
C.HallidayD.Whorf
19.Whichwordistheabsolutearbitraryone
A.bangB.headacheC.roseD.impolite
20._________aretwosub-branchesoflinguisticsthatstudytheunitsatthegrammaticallevel.
A.MorphologyandsemanticsB.Morphologyandsyntax
C.SyntaxandsemanticsD.Morphologyandphonology
21.Theterm________linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangeovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.
A.synchronicB.diachronic
C.comparativeD.historicalcomparative
22.Childrencanspeakbeforetheycanreadorwriteshowsthat________.
A.languageisarbitraryB.languageisusedforcommunication
C.languageisbasicallyvocalD.languageisproductive
23.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthetwocorebranchesoflinguistics.
A.MorphologyB.sociolinguictic
C.psycholinguisticsD.anthropology
24.Thedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformanceisproposedby______.
A.SaussureB.Chomsky
C.HallidayD.thePragueSchool
25.Whatarethedualstructuresoflanguage
A.soundsandlettersB.soundsandmeanings
C.lettersandmeaningD.soundsandsymbols
Exercise12Phonetics语音学
1.Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare____sounds.
A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonant
2.__________isavoicedalveolarstop.
A.[z]B.[d]C.[k]D.[b]
3.Thesound[f]is_________________.
A.voicedpalatalaffricateB.voicedalveolarstop
C.voicelessvelarfricativeD.voicelesslabiodentalfricative
4.A_______vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.
A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle
5.Liquidsareclassicifiedinthelightof__________.
A.mannersofarticulationB.placeofarticualtion
C.placeoftongueD.nonoftheabove
6.InEnglish,thereisonlyoneglottal,itis_________.
A.[l]B.[h]C.[k]D.[f]
7.Thedifferncebetween[u]abd[u:
]uscausedby_________.
A.theopenessofthemouthB.theshapeofthelips
C.thelengthofthevowelsD.noneoftheabove
8.Ofallthespeechorgans,the____is/arethemostflexible.
A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords
9.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,.rounded,EXCEPT________.
A.[a:
]B.[u:
]C.[æ]D.[u]
10.____________isthestudyofallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld’slanguage.
A.MorphologyB.PhoneticsC.PhonologyD.Syntax
11.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisabackvowel
A.[i]B.[w]C.[e]D.[u]
12.[p]isdifferentfrom[k]in___________.
A.themannerofarticulationB.theshapeoflips
C.thevibrationofthevocalcordD.theplaceofarticulation
13.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thefollowingsounds[t][d][s][z][n]sharethefeatureof_______.
A.palatalB.alveolar C.bilabialD.dental
14.Voicingasaqualityofspeechsoundsiscausedbythevibrationof_______.
A.thevelumB.thevocalcords C.theglottisD.theuvula
15.[e]isdifferentfrom[a]in_________.
A.theshapeofthelipsB.theheightofthetongue
C.thepartofthetonguethatisraisedD.thepositionofthesoftplace
16.Wherearethevocalcords
A.InthemouthB.Inthenasalcavity
C.AbovethetongueD.Insidethelarynx
17.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothethreeresonatingcavities
A.thepharynxB.thenasalcavity
C.thelarynxD.theoralcavity
18.“TheAdam’sApple”is____________.
A.akindofappleB.relatedtoAdam
C.thefrontpartoflarynxD.onthetopoflarynx
19.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueforvowels
A.Vowelsaresonorants.
B.Intheproductionofvowels,thereisnoobstructionofair.
C.Tongueheightisonecriteriontodistinguishvowels.
D.Vowelsarealsocalledobstruents.
20.WhichofthefollowingEnglishsoundsisNOTbilabial
A.[b]B.[m]C.[n]D.[p]
Exercise13Phonology音位学
1.Since/p/and/b/arephoneticallysimilar,occurinthesameenvironmentsandtheycandistinguishmeaning,theyaresaidtobe___________.
A.inphonemiccontrastB.incomplementarydistribution
C.theallophonesD.minimalpair
2.Distinctivefeaturescanbefoundrunningoverasequenceoftwoormorephonemicsegments.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalled_______.
A.phoneticcomponentsB.immediateconstituents
C.suprasegmentalfeaturesD.semanticfeatures
3.A(n)___________isaunitthatisofdistinctivevalue.Itisanabstractunit,acollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.
A.phoneB.soundC.allophoneD.phoneme
4.Thedifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthe____ofthatphoneme.
A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones
5.Whichofthefollowingisatypicaltonelanguage
A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.Alloftheabove
6.Usually,suprasegmentalfeaturesinclude________,lengthandpitch.
A.phonemeB.speechsoundsC.syllablesD.stress
7._________studiesthesoundsysteminacertainlanguage.
A.PhoneticsB.SemanticsC.PragmaticsD.Phonology
8.__________areusedtofindthephonemesofalanguage.
A.MinimalpairsB.Freevariation
C.ConstrastivedistributionD.Complementarydistribution
9.Ifthetwosimilarsoundsegmentsneveroccurinthesamephoneticenviornment,thentheyare________.
A.twoseparatephonemesB.twoallophonesofaphoneme
C.twofreevariationsofaphonemeD.aminimalpair
10.Whichofthefollowingisnotasuprasegmentalfeature
A.AspirationB.IntonationC.StressD.Tone
11.Whereistheprimarystressoftheword“phonology”
A.phoB.noC.loD.gy
12.Ofthefollowingsoundcombinations,only_______ispermissibleaccordingtothesequentialrulesinEnglish.( )
A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk
13.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofwordsiaaminimalpair
A.but–pubB.wet–whichC.pin-penD.fail-find
14._______isanindispensiblepartofasyllable.
A.CodaB.OnsetC.StemD.Peak
15.Amongthefollowing,thepartsofspeechthatisnormallyunstressedinanEnglishsentenceare__________.
A.NounsB.VerbsC.AdverbsD.Prepositions
16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaminimalpair
A.cat/batB.put/butC.jig/pigD.sit/bit
17.Iftwosoundsarein
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