2 Adj or Adv.docx
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2 Adj or Adv.docx
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2AdjorAdv
AdjectiveorAdverb?
BasicRules
1.Adjectivesmodifynouns;adverbsmodifyverbs,adjectives,andotheradverbs.
Youcanrecognizeadverbseasilybecausemanyofthemareformedbyadding-lytoanadjective.
Herearesomesentencesthatdemonstratesomeofthedifferencesbetweenanadjectiveandanadverbbyshowingwhatisbeingmodifiedineachsentence.Ineachsentence,lightbluearrowspointtoadjectivesandgreenarrowspointtoadverbs.
HerecarelessisanadjectivethatmodifiesthepropernounRichard.
Herecarelesslyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbtalks.
HerehappyisanadjectivethatmodifiesthepropernounPriyaandextremelyisanadverbthatmodifiestheadjectivehappy.
Herequicklyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbfinishedandunusuallyisanadverbthatmodifiestheadverbquickly.
Adverbscan'tmodifynouns,asyoucanseefromthefollowingincorrectsentences.
Heisaquietlyman.
ThecorrectsentenceshouldsayHeisaquietman.
Ihaveahappilydog.
ThecorrectsentenceshouldsayIhaveahappydog.
Ontheotherhand,it'ssometimeseasytomakethemistakeofusinganadjectivetomodifyaverb,astheincorrectsentencesbelowshow.
Hetalkscarelessaboutyourwife.
ThecorrectsentenceshouldsayHetalkscarelesslyaboutyourwife.
Heisbreathingnormalagain.
ThecorrectsentenceshouldsayHeisbreathingnormallyagain.
2.Anadjectivealwaysfollowsaformoftheverbtobewhenitmodifiesthenounbeforetheverb.
Herearesomeexamplesthatshowthisrule.Lightbluearrowspointfromtheadjectivetothenounthatitmodifies.
3.Likewise,anadjectivealwaysfollowsasenseverboraverbofappearance--feel,taste,smell,sound,look,appear,andseem--whenitmodifiesthenounbeforetheverb.
Herearesomeexamplesthatshowthisrule.Lightbluearrowspointfromtheadjectivetothenounitmodifies.
Herebadisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenouncough.Usingtheadverbbadlyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanhercoughisn'tverygoodatsounding.
Hereawfulisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounoil.Usingtheadverbawfullyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthatcastoroilisn'tverygoodattasting.
Herefreshisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounair.Usingtheadverbfreshlyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthattheairhasasenseofsmellthatitusesinafreshmanner.
Hereunhappyisanadjectivethatmodifiesthepronounshe.Usingtheadverbunhappilyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthatsheisn'tverygoodatseeming.
Heredarkisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounimages.Usingtheadverbdarklyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthattheimagesweresuddenlypoppingintoviewinadarkmanner.
Becarefultonoticewhetherthewordmodifiesthesubjectortheverbinthesentence.Ifthewordmodifiesthesubject,youshoulduseanadjective.Ifthewordmodifiestheverb,youshoulduseanadverb.Thedifferenceisshowninthefollowingpairofsentences.
Heresweetisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounapple.Usingtheadverbsweetlyherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthattheapplecansmellthingsinasweetmanner.
Herecarefullyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbsmells.Usingtheadjectivecarefulherewouldnotmakesense,becauseitwouldmeanthatthedoggivesoffanodorofcarefulness.
AvoidingCommonErrors
BadorBadly?
Whenyouwanttodescribehowyoufeel,youshoulduseanadjective(Why?
Feelisasenseverb;seerule#3above).Soyou'dsay,"Ifeelbad."Sayingyoufeelbadlywouldbelikesayingyouplayfootballbadly.Itwouldmeanthatyouareunabletofeel,asthoughyourhandswerepartiallynumb.
GoodorWell?
Goodisanadjective,soyoudonotdogoodorlivegood,butyoudowellandlivewell.Remember,though,thatanadjectivefollowssense-verbsandbe-verbs,soyoualsofeelgood,lookgood,smellgood,aregood,havebeengood,etc.(Refertorule#3aboveformoreinformationaboutsenseverbsandverbsofappearance.)
Confusioncanoccurbecausewellcanfunctioneitherasanadverboranadjective.Whenwellisusedasanadjective,itmeans"notsick"or"ingoodhealth."Forthisspecificsenseofwell,it'sOKtosayyoufeelwellorarewell--forexample,afterrecoveringfromanillness.Whennotusedinthishealth-relatedsense,however,wellfunctionsasanadverb;forexample,"Ididwellonmyexam."
Double-negatives
Scarcelyandhardlyarealreadynegativeadverbs.Toaddanothernegativetermisredundant,becauseinEnglishonlyonenegativeiseverusedatatime
Theyfoundscarcelyanyanimalsontheisland.(notscarcelyno...)
Hardlyanyonecametotheparty.(nothardlynoone...)
SureorSurely?
Sureisanadjective,andsurelyisanadverb.Sureisalsousedintheidiomaticexpressionsuretobe.Surelycanbeusedasasentence-adverb.Herearesomeexamplesthatshowdifferentusesofsureandsurely.Lightbluearrowsindicateadjectivesandgreenarrowsindicateadverbs.
HeresureisanadjectivethatmodifiesthepronounI.
Heresurelyisanadverbthatmodifiestheadjectiveready.
Heresuretobeisanidiomaticphrasethatfunctionsasanadjectivethatmodifiesthepronounshe.
Heresurelyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbhasbeen.
RealorReally?
Realisanadjective,andreallyisanadverb.Herearesomeexamplesthatdemonstratethedifferencebetweenrealandreally.Lightbluearrowsindicateadjectivesandgreenarrowsindicateadverbs.
Herereallyisanadverbthatmodifiestheadverbwell.
Herereallyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbphrasegoingout.
Hererealisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounproblems.
NearorNearly?
Nearcanfunctionasaverb,adverb,adjective,orpreposition.Nearlyisusedasanadverbtomean"inaclosemanner"or"almostbutnotquite."Herearesomeexamplesthatdemonstratethedifferencesbetweenvarioususesofnearandnearly.Lightbluearrowsindicateadjectivesandgreenarrowsindicateadverbs.Subjectsandverbsaremarkedinpurple.
Herenearedisaverbinthepasttense.
Herenearlyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbfinished.
Herenearisanadjectivethatmodifiesthenounfuture.
Herenearisanadverbofplacethatmodifiestheverbcrept.
Herenearlyisanadverbthatmodifiestheverbrelated.
Herenearisapreposition.Theprepositionalphaseneartheendofthemoviemodifiesthenounscene.
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