中学英语语法漫谈高中英语语法讲解带习题相当好的资料.docx

中学英语语法漫谈高中英语语法讲解带习题相当好的资料.docx

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中学英语语法漫谈高中英语语法讲解带习题相当好的资料

2013年高考英语语法

编讲：

阿胜老师（中高考英语金牌主讲）

一、冠词用法小结

冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。

以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。

一、不定冠词的用法：

1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any,如:

Ahammeristool.Asteelworkermakessteel.

2、泛指某人或某物。

Aboyiswaitingforyou.Thereisabookonyourdesk.

3、表one或every。

Wework8hoursaday.Igohometwiceamonth.

4、表示thesame的意思。

Birdsofa（=thesame）featherflocktogether;peopleofakindcometogether.

5、用在不可数名词前

a）（用在物质名词前）一种，一份

Alargecoffeeforme.Itwasawonderfultea.

b）（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前）

Itwascleardaylightnowandafinerainwasfalling.Thereisacoldwindthismorning.

c）（用在抽象名词前）一种

Thatisagreatdisappointment.It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.

6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。

IsawaMrs.Smithonthe12that2:

00.HehadaVanGoghinthedining-room.

WhatastrangeLondontheysaw!

He’salivingLeiFeng.

7、用于某些固定词组中。

afew,alittle,agoodmany,alotof,allofasudden,asarule,haveacold等。

8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an,如anapple,anEnglishbook。

要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。

如auniversity,anhour,an“h”,anX-rayexamination.

二、定冠词的用法。

1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。

Theboylikesthefilm.Shutthedoor,please.

Theoldpoorpeasanthasason.Thesonisamodelworker.

2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。

theearth,themoon,thestars,thesun（但space前不用）

3、用在序数词、形容词或副词最高级前。

thesecond,thetallest,thelast,thefirst.

4、用在由普通名词构成的国家、党派或组织机构等的专有名词前。

theUnitedStates;thePeople’sRepublicofChina;theCommunistPartyofChina;theChinesePeople’sLiberationArmy;theNo.15MiddleSchool;thedepartmentofEducation.

5、用在某些建筑物名称前。

TheGreatHallofthePeople;theMonumenttothePeople’sHeroes;theGreatWall;theCapitalTheatre;theSpaceMuseum;thePeaceHotel。

6、用在江河海洋，山脉群岛，海峡海湾等专有名词前。

TheChangjiangRiver,theRedSea,theDabieMountains,theEnglishChannel,theTaiwanStraits,thePersianGulf。

7、用在报纸、会议、条约等专有名词前。

thePeople’sDaily（但：

ChinaDaily）theNewYorkTimes,the15thPartyCongress,theGenevaAgreement

8、用在方位名词前，某些习惯短语中或结构搭配中。

ontheleft,intheeast,inthemorning,ontheotherhand,intheend,hitsbonthehead,catchsbbythearm

9、用在形容词前表一类人。

thepoor,thedead,theyoung,therich,thewounded.

10、用在双方都知，不言而喻的名词前。

Givemethebook.Who’stheman?

用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人。

theSmiths,theGreens,theWangs,theTurners

11、用在单数可数名词前泛指某类人或物（指整个一类）。

Thehorseisausefulanimal.

Thecomputerwasinvadednotlongago.（但更多时候表特指：

Thehorseisill.）

12、指世纪的年代。

inthe1890’s或inthe1890s

13、用在表示乐器的名词前。

playthepiano（theguitar,theviolin,theflute）

14、用在某国语言前，构成the…language的形式。

TheEnglishlanguageisverywidelyusedallovertheworld.

如果单用国家变来的语言名词形式，则不用the。

Chinesehasthelargestnumberofspeakersintheworld.

15、用于“论（或按）……计”之类的意思。

Hegotpaidbythehour.Theyselltheclothbythemeter.

三、不用冠词的场合。

1、专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名前一般不用冠词。

China,Johnson;Airismatter.Soundisinvisible.

2、当名词已被指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格限制时。

Thisbookisgood.IreadmyEnglishbookeveryday.

3、注：

指示代词和物主代词亦不能并用。

＊mythatbook,应该说：

thatbookofmine.

街名、广场名、公园名前。

WallStreet.Tian’anmenSquare,HydePark.

4、省市、大学名前。

HubeiProvince（但theProvinceofHubei）;WuhanCity（但theCityofWuhan）;QinghuaUniversity（但：

theUniversityofQinghua）

5、湖泊前一般不用冠词。

EastLake,SaltLake,DongtingLake

6、山峰前不用冠词。

MountHua,MountTai,MountEverest

7、月份、星期、节日、三餐饭的名词前。

March,Christmas,Sunday;Haveyouhadlunch?

Springisthebestseasonoftheyears.

（但月份或季节被限定则须冠词。

Iarrivedhereinthewinterof1993.）

8、称呼语，表示头街或职务作宾补或同位语的名词。

What’sthis,John?

WemadeLiHaimonitor.

9、学科名、球类、棋类名词六前。

Welikemaths.Theyoftenplayfootball.

10、泛指的复数名词前。

Studentsmustworkhardattheirlesson.

11、与by连用的交通工具或表示方式、手段的名词前。

bybus,byhand,byradio,byair,bywater.

冠词用法巩固练习

1.—I’mafraidIdarenotspeakin______public.

—Justhave______try.

A.a;不填;B.不填;aC.the;aD.the;the

2.Asyouknow,_____mancan’tlivewithout____water.

A.不填;不填;B.a;theC.a;不填;D.不填;the

3.Thepolicehave______powertoarrestbadpeopleby_____law.

A.the;theB.不填;theC.不填;不填;D.the;不填;

4.Parisis______mostbeautifulcity,whereyoucansee_____famousEiffelTower.

A.a;theB.a;不填;C.the;aD.不填;the

5.—Doyoulikethenovels?

—Idon’tlikeeitherofthem.Pleaseshowme_______thirdone.

A.aB.theC.XD.an

6.Keepawayfromthecage._____lionis______fierceanimal.

A.The;theB.A;theC.A;不填;D.The;a

7.Theclassnamed_______LeiFangisoneofthebestclassedinthisschool.

A.inhonorofB.intheplaceofC.infavorofD.inthewayof

8.—Whatabout______bike?

—Doyouthinkitallrighttobuyhimthatbikeas____birthdaygift?

A.a;aB.the;aC.a;theD.the;the

9.Firstaidis_____scienceofgiving____medicalcareto______person.

A.the;不填;aB.the;the;aC.a;不填;theD.不填;a;the

10.Pleasepayattentiontoyourspelling.You’vedropped_____“n”here.

A.anB.theC.不填;D.a

11.BillClintontook_____officeonJanuary20th,1993,andbecame_______42ndUSPresident.

A.an;theB.不填;theC.the;不填;D.不填;不填;

12.—Haveyouseen_______pen?

Ileftitherethismorning?

—IthinkIsaw_____onesomewhere.Isit______redone?

A.a;the;aB.a;a;theC.the;不填;aD.a;不填;a

13.—Thenewsisspreadingfrommouthtomouth.

—Yes,it’sbecome______talkof_____town.

A.a;aB.the;不填;C.the;theD.a;不填;

14.Nowthemachinerunsatdouble_______.

A.aspeedB.speedC.thespeedD.forspeed

15.—Ihopeyouwillbereadytoleaveontime.

—Don’tworry.I’llbeready____thetaxiarrives.

A.bythetimeB.intimefor

C.atthetimeofD.untilthetimewhen

16.Ifhegoesonswimminginthatlakefor_____fourhours,he_______initfortwelvehours.

A.another;willhavebeenswimmingB.a;willswim

C.other;hasswumD.the;willbeswimming

17.—CharleyOakley,_______NBAAll-star,hasn’tmissed______gameinpastthreeyears.

—Ican’tbelieveit.

A.an;aB.a;theC.the;aD.an;the

18.—Whatdidyouthinkoftheplace?

—Ididn’tcarforitat____first,butafter_____timeIgottolikeit.

A.不填;theB.the;aC.the;不填;D.不填;a

19.—Inthepasttenyears,therehavebeenmanychangesinfamilylife.

—Arethesechanges______?

A.betterorworseB.forbestorforworst

C.forthegoodorforthebadD.forthebetterorfortheworse

20.Theletter_______.Ishouldhavereceiveditthismorning.

A.istobemailedB.hasbeenmailedC.hadbeenmailedD.wasbeingmailed

21.Towards____morning,_____heavysnowbegantofall.

A.the;aB.an;aC.a;不填;D不填;the

22.Mymotherisusuallyon________dutyinherofficeevery______fewdays.

A.the;aB.不填;aC.不填;不填;D.a;不填;

23.Hehasfinished_______.

A.adayworkB.day’sworkingC.aday’sworkD.aday-work

24.—Maywecomeinrightnow?

—Certainly,butonlytwoareallowed______.

A.atatimeB.inawhileC.atonetimeD.forawhile

25.Nowonder_____failedinthedrivingtestfor_____secondtime.

A.hasshe;theB.shehas;theC.hasshe;aD.shehas;a

26.—Whendidyourecognizeher?

—_________Imether.

A.AmomentB.Themoment

C.ThemomentwhenD.Foramoment

27.—Isthisradioshowstill_______?

—No.Itwillbebroadcastagainnextmonth.

A.byairB.throughtheairC.ontheairD.intheair

28.TheeveningmealforAmericansisusuallylongand_____forfamiliestogathertogether.

A.timeB.adateC.atimeD.thedate

29.DuffieldWhite,whoisin_____chargeofthecompetition,saidthattheboywastheyoungestwinnerof_______prize.

A不填;aB.the;theC.不填;theD.one;the

30.ThebuildingwasnamedFordHall________amannamedJamesFord.

A.formemoryofB.inthememorythatC.inmemoryofD.inamemoryfor

31.Oh,Mary,_______youhavegivenus!

I_______sosoon.

A.howpleasantsurprise;hadnoideathatyoucome

B.howpleasantsurprise;don’tsupposeyouwillcome

C.howpleasantasurprise;didn’tsupposeyouwouldcome

D.whatpleasantsurprise;don’tthinkyouhavecome

32.Thesetworoomsareof_____size.Butanothertworoomsarethreetimes_____sizeofthem.

A.the;theB.a;theC.a;aD.the;a

33.Itisnotrarein_____thatpeoplein_____fiftiesaregoingtouniversityforfurthereducation.

A.90s;theB.the90s;不填;C.90’s;theirD.the90’s;their

34.—What’syoureldersister?

—Sheis____teacherand_______writer.

A.the;theB.a;不填;C.a;aD.the;a

35.ProfessorSmithhadnotgiven_____talkonShakespeareforalongtime,sohehadtobrushuponsomeof______plays.

A.不填;不填;B.a;theC.the;不填;D.the;the

36.______playedanimportantrollinfieldhospitalsduringthewar.

A.AX-rayequipmentB.AnX-rayequipment

C.X-rayequipmentsD.X-rayequipment

37.Atmidnighttheyreached_____smallvillage_____eastof_____Ever-whiteMountain.

A.a;不填;theB.a;不填;不填;C.the;the;theD.the;an;an

38.Youngasheis,Davidhasgained_______richexperiencein_____society.

A.不填;不填;B.the;theC.a;不填;D.不填;the

39.—WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay“HandinHand”?

—Justso-so.However,Idon’tthinkitisworthwatching________.

A.asecondtimeB.thesecondtimeC.forthesecondtimeD.secondly

40.Thewarmthof______sweaterwillofcoursebedeterminedbythesortof_____woolused.

A.the;theB.the;不填C.不填;theD.不填；不填

Key

1—10.BADAADABAA11—20.BDDCAAADAD

21—30.ACCADBCCCC31—40.CBDBBDAAAB

二、介词

介词又叫做前置词，是一种虚词，不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配（介词＋宾语）构成介词短语；和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。

介词分为简单介词，如：

at,in,on,besides,since,for等；合成介词，如：

inside,outside,without,within,into,onto等；短语介词（或成语介词），