届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九世界与环境.docx
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届二轮复习 阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九世界与环境.docx
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届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九世界与环境
2020届二轮复习阅读理解专题话题训练学案十九:
世界与环境
PartA Reading
Passage1
题材:
环境问题 词数:
690 建议时间:
13分钟
OldProblem,NewApproaches
Whilecleanenergyisincreasinglyusedinourdailylife,globalwarmingwillcontinueforsomedecadesafterCO2emissions(排放)peak.Soevenifemissionsweretobegintodecreasetoday,wewouldstillfacethechallengeofadaptingtoclimatechange.HereIwillstresssomesmarterandmorecreativeexamplesofclimateadaptation.
Whenitcomestoadaptation,itisimportanttounderstandthatclimatechangeisaprocess.Wearethereforenottalkingaboutadaptingtoanewstandard,buttoaconstantlyshiftingsetofconditions.Thisiswhy,inpartatleast,theUSNationalClimateAssessmentsaysthat:
“Thereisno‘one-sizefitsall’adaptation.”Nevertheless,therearesomeactionsthatoffermuchandcarrylittleriskorcost.
Aroundtheworld,peopleareadaptinginsurprisingways,especiallyinsomepoorcountries.FloodshavebecomemoredamaginginBangladeshinrecentdecades.MohammedRezwansawopportunitywhereotherssawonlydisaster.Hisnot-for-profitorganizationruns100riverboatsthatserveasfloatinglibraries,schools,andhealthclinics,andareequippedwithsolarpanelsandothercommunicatingfacilities.Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity(连接)toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways.Butheisalsoworkingatafarmorefundamentallevel:
hisstaffshowpeoplehowtomakefloatinggardensandfishpondstopreventstarvationduringthewetseason.
ElsewhereinAsiaevenmoreastonishingactionsarebeingtaken.ChewangNorphellivesinamountainousregioninIndia,whereheisknownastheIceMan.Thelossofglaciers(冰川)thereduetoglobalwarmingrepresentsanenormousthreattoagriculture.Withouttheglaciers,waterwillarriveintheriversattimeswhenitcandamagecrops.Norphel’sinspirationcamefromseeingthewasteofwateroverwinter,whenitwasnotneeded.Hedirectedthewastedwaterintoshallowbasinswhereitfroze,andwasstoreduntilthespring.Hisfieldsoficesupplyperfectlytimedirrigation(灌溉)water.Havingcreatedninesuchicereserves,Norphelcalculatesthathehasstoredabout200,000m3ofwater.Climatechangeisacontinuingprocess,soNorphel’sicereserveswillnotlastforever.Warmingwillovertakethem.Butheisprovidingafewyearsduringwhichthefarmerswill,perhaps,beabletofindothermeansofadapting.
IncreasingEarth’sreflectivenesscancooltheplanet.InsouthernSpainthesuddenincreaseofgreenhouses(whichreflectlightbacktospace)haschangedthewarmingtrendlocally,andactuallycooledtheregion.WhileSpainasawholeisheatingupquickly,temperaturesnearthegreenhouseshavedecreased.Thisexampleshouldactasaninspirationforallcities.Bypaintingbuildingswhite,citiesmayslowdownthewarmingprocess.
InPeru,localfarmersaroundamountainwithaglacierthathasalreadyfallenvictimtoclimatechangehavebegunpaintingtheentiremountainpeakwhiteinthehopethattheaddedreflectivenesswillrestorethelife-givingice.Theoutcomeisstillfarfromclear.ButtheWorldBankhasincludedtheprojectonitslistof“100ideastosavetheplanet”.
Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoria.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhasallowedhimtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe’velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt,it’sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.
Humanbeingswillcontinuetoadapttothechangingclimateinbothordinaryandastonishingways.Butthemostsensibleformofadaptationissurelytoadaptourenergysystemstoemitlesscarbonpollution.Afterall,ifweadaptinthatway,wemayavoidtheneedtochangeinsomanyothers.
1.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2implies .
A.adaptationisanever-changingprocessB.thecostofadaptationvarieswithtime
C.globalwarmingaffectsadaptationformsD.adaptationtoclimatechangeischallenging
2.WhatisspecialwithregardtoRezwan’sproject?
A.Theprojectreceivesgovernmentsupport.
B.Differentorganizationsworkwitheachother.
C.Hisorganizationmakesthebestofabadsituation.
D.Theprojectconnectsfloodedroadsandhighways.
3.WhatdidtheIceMandotoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming?
A.Storingiceforfutureuse.
B.Protectingtheglaciersfrommelting.
C.Changingtheirrigationtime.
D.Postponingthemeltingoftheglaciers.
4.WhatdowelearnfromthePeruexample?
A.Whitepaintisusuallysafeforbuildings.
B.Theglobalwarmingtrendcannotbestopped.
C.Thiscountryisheatinguptooquickly.
D.Sunlightreflectionmayrelieveglobalwarming.
5.Accordingtotheauthor,pollutingindustriesshould .
A.adapttocarbonpollution
B.planthighlyprofitablecrops
C.leavecarbonemissionalone
D.fightagainstcarbonpollution
6.What’stheauthor’spreferredsolutiontoglobalwarming?
A.Settingupanewstandard.
B.Reducingcarbonemission.
C.Adaptingtoclimatechange.
D.Monitoringpollutingindustries.
Passage2
题材:
社会生活 词数:
317 建议时间:
8分钟
InthedepthsoftheFrenchGuianeserainforest,therestillremainunusualgroupsofindigenous(土著的)people.Surprisingly,thesepeoplelivelargelybytheirownlawsandtheirownsocialcustoms.Andyet,peopleinthisareaareinfactFrenchcitizensbecauseithasbeenacolony(殖民地)oftheFrenchRepublicsince1946.Intheory,theyshouldlivebytheFrenchlaw.However,theirremotelocationsmeanthattheFrenchlawisoftenignoredorunknown,thusmakingthemintoaninterestingareaof“lawlessness”intheworld.
ThelivesofthesepeoplehavefinallybeenrecordedthankstotheeffortsofaFrenchmanfromPariscalledGin.Ginspentfivemonthsinearly2015exploringthemostremotecornersofthisarea,whichsitsontheedgeoftheAmazonrainforest,withhalfitspopulationofonly250,000livinginitscapital,Cayenne.
“IhaveaspeciallovefortheFrenchGuianesepeople.Ihaveworkedthereonandoffforalmosttenyears,”saysGin.“I’vebeenabletokeepfirmfriendshipswiththem.ThusIhavebeenallowedtogainaccesstotheirlivingenvironment.Idon’tseeitasalawlessland.ButratherIseeitasanareaoffreedom.”
“Iwantedtoshowtheaudienceaphotographicrecordtouchingupontheuncivilizedlife,”continuesGin.“Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.”
Hisblack-and-whitepicturespresentaworldalmostlostintime.Thesepicturesshowpeopleseeminglypushedintoaworldthattheywereunpreparedfor.Theselocalcitizensnowhavetobalancetheirtraditionalself-supportinghuntinglifestylewiththelifestyleofferedbythemodernFrenchRepublic,whichbringswithitnotonlynecessarystatewelfare,butalsoalcoholism,betrayalandevensuicide.
1.WhydoestheauthorfeelsurprisedabouttheindigenouspeopleinFrenchGuiana?
A.TheyseldomfollowtheFrenchlaw.
B.TheyoftenignoretheGuianeselaw.
C.Theyareseparatedfromthemodernworld.
D.TheyarebothGuianeseandFrenchcitizens.
2.GinintroducesthespecialworldoftheindigenousGuianeseas .
A.atourguideB.ageographer
C.afilmdirectorD.aphotographer
3.WhatisGin’sattitudetowardsthelivesoftheindigenousGuianese?
A.Cautious.B.Doubtful.C.Uninterested.D.Appreciative.
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?
A.ThemodernFrenchlifestyle.B.Theself-supportinghunting.
C.Theuncivilizedworld.D.TheFrenchRepublic.
PartB Writing
一、话题语料积累
1.话题词汇积累
① [ˈjʊərəp]n.欧洲
② [ˌəʊsiˈɑːniə]n.大洋洲
③ [ˈiːdʒɪpt]n.埃及
④ [ˈɪŋɡlənd]n.英格兰
⑤ [ˈkænədə]n.加拿大
⑥ [frɑːns]n.法国
⑦ [ˈdʒɜːmənɪ]n.德国
⑧ [ˈɡriːs]n.希腊
⑨ [ˈɪndɪə]n.印度
⑩ [ˈaɪələnd]n.爱尔兰
[ˈɪtəlɪ]n.意大利
[dʒəˈpæn]n.日本
[ˈlʌndən]n.伦敦
[ˈmɔskəʊ]n.莫斯科
[ˈtʃaɪnə]n.中国
[ˈpærɪs]n.巴黎
[ˈrʌʃə]n.俄罗斯,俄国
[ˈskɔtlənd]n.苏格兰
[speɪn]n.西班牙
[ˈswɪtsələnd]n.瑞士
[tɪˈbet]n.西藏
[ˈtəʊkjəʊ]n.东京
n.英国,联合王国
n.联合国
n.美国(美利坚合众国)
[ˈpɔːtʃʊɡl]n.葡萄牙
[ˈdenmɑːk]n.丹麦
[ˈneɪvi]n.海军
[piːs]n.和平
[welɵ]n.财产,财富
[ˈrʌbɪʃ]n.垃圾;废物
[ˈpɔɪzn]n.毒药
[ɔɪl]n.石油
[ˈpetrəl]n.汽油
[kəʊl]n.煤;煤块
[ˈɒksɪdʒən]n.氧;氧气
[ˌɪndɪˈpendəns]n.独立
[pəˈluːʃn]n.污染
[sɪˈkjʊərəti]n.安全
[rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti]n.责任,职责
[ˈkemɪkl]n.化学制品,化学药品
[daɪˈɒksaɪd]n.二氧化物
[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt]n.环境
[ˈɔːdə]n.次序,条理,命令,订单
[ˈpredʒudɪs]n.偏见,成见
[ˈʃædəʊ]n.影子,阴影
[səˈspenʃn]n.暂停,延期
[reɪs]n.种族,民族
[ˈbenɪfɪt]n.利益,好处
[ˈhɑːməni]n.协调,融洽
2.话题佳句积累
①Governmentsofmanycountrieshavepassedlawstoprotecttheair,forestsandsearesourcesandtostop (environment)pollution.许多国家的政府已经通过法律来保护空气、森林和海洋资源,并停止环境污染。
② theshadefromtrees,theEarthwouldgettoohottoliveon.没有树荫的话,地球会变得太热而不能生存。
③Ifwedon’tsavewater,thelastdropofwater (be)ateardropofus.如果我们不节约水的话,最后一滴水将是我们的眼泪。
④Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand (healthy)inthefuture.为了在未来更好更健康地生活我们应该种越来越多的树。
二、综合练习
1.词句练习
(1)根据短文意思,用所给词语的适当形式填空
callon dieout smoke prevent pollute attentiondealwith health cause raise
Withthedevelopmentofmodernsociety,pollution① byhumanac
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