一般过去时过去进行时和现在完成时的区别.docx
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一般过去时过去进行时和现在完成时的区别.docx
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一般过去时过去进行时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时-过去进行时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时,过去进行时和现在完成时的区别
一、一般过去时
1.表示在过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:
afewminutesago,yesterday,lastmonth等,以及以when等引导的时间状语从句连用。
Thethiefenteredthebuildingafewminutesago.
Abigfiredestroyedthewholeforestlastyear.
Thetelephonerang,whenIwasreadingthenewsreport.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与时间状语often,usedto或would连用,表示“常常,经常”。
Sheoftencametohelpus.
Whenhewasyoung,hewouldhelphisfatheronthefarm.
3.有些情况,发生的时间不很清楚,但实际上是过去发生的应当用过去时态。
Itwasapitythatyoudidn’tgotothelecture.
Iwasgladtoreceiveyourletter.
Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy.
4.表示过去习惯的动作。
Whenshewasayounggirl,sheoftenwenttohergrandpa’s.
5.在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
Iwouldtellherthenewsassoonasshecame.
二、过去进行时
构成:
was/were+doing
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作。
Hewasplayingtennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon.
Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?
Atthattime,shewasworkinginalab.
Inthoseyearswewerehavingahardtime.
Wewerepickingcottonwhenhearrived.
2.表示按计划,安排过去将要发生的动作。
Hetoldherhewasleavingsoon.
3.表示委婉语气,只限于want,hope,wonder等动词,用以提出请求。
Iwaswonderingifyoucouldhelpme.
4.在不少情况下,没有表示过去的时间状语,需要通过上下文来看出这是过去某时正在进行的动作。
Thewindwasnolongerblowing,butitwasstillrathercold.
Theytookustoseethechemicalfibermilltheywerebuilding.
Westartedtheattackwhentheenemieswerecrossingtheriver.
Theyallworkedhard.Everybodyknewwhathewasworkingfor.
三﹑一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:
1.过去进行时表示正在进行的动作,而一般过去时表示一个完成的动作。
Iwasreadinganovellastnight.(可能没看完)
Ireadanovellastnight.(已经看完了)
Wewerebuildingadamlastwinter.
Webuiltadamlastwinter.
Iwasquicklygettingusedtothatkindoflife.(正在适应过程中)
Iquicklygotusedtothatkindoflife.(已经适应)
2.一般过去时通常只表示发生过的某种动作或存在过的某种状态,不强调延续性;过去进行时表示过去某一段时间内某种动作或状态的延续性。
Thosemenhuntedintheforestyesterday.
Thosemenwerehuntingintheforestyesterday.(强调整天都在打猎)
3.过去进行时强调动作的持续性,带有一定的感情色彩,因此有时比一般过去时显的更为生动、具体。
Thebabywascryingallnight.婴儿整夜都在哭。
(较具体,生动)
Thebabycriedallnight.婴儿哭了一整夜。
(叙述事实)
4.两个或多个一般过去时连用,通常表示动作一个接一个发生,过去进行时连用仅表示动作同时发生,强调对比。
Sheclosedthewindow,turnedoffthelightandlefttheroom.
Shewasclosingthewindow,andhewasreadingabook.
5.一般过去时和过去进行时并用时,一般过去时表示某一时间点,过去进行时表示某段时间,该时间点在该段时间之内。
Theywerediscussingtheplanwhensuddenlythelightwentout.
WhenIcameintoheroffice,shewastyping.
四、现在完成时
构成:
have/has+过去分词
1.表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果,常与下列词连用:
yet,just,before,recently,lately,often,ever,never,sometimes,twice等。
Ihaven’tfinishedthenovelyet.
HehasneverbeentoParis.
2.表示从过去某个时间开始,持续到现在并有可能持续下去的动作,常同表示一段时间的状语连用,sofar,uptonow,since,forthepast(last)few(several)years等。
Wehaveknowneachotherfor11years.
3.在after,assoonas,if,till,when等引导的状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。
Let’sgooutassoonastherainhasstopped.
4.Itisthefirsttimethat...
Thiswillbe...that...+现在完成时
ThisisthefirsttimethatIhaveseenalivingwhale.
5.It(this)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting…)+名词+that+现在完成时
ItisthemostbeautifulhousethatIhaveeverseen.
五﹑一般过去时与现在完成时用法比较
1.过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2.过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
(1)一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
(2)共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately
(3)现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
3.现在完成时表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词具有延续性,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了。
)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。
)
Why did you get up so early?
(强调起床的动作已发生过了。
)
Who hasn't handed in his paper?
(强调有卷子,可能为不公平竞争。
)
She has returned from Paris. (她已从巴黎回来了。
)
She returned yesterday. ( 她是昨天回来了。
)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团,joined为短暂行为。
)
I have finished my homework now.
---Will somebody go and get Dr. White?
---He's already been sent for.
4.句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
一般过去时和现在完成时练习题
1.填空
A.用already或yet
1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?
No,theyhaven’t_______.
2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions_____.
3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.
B.用since或for
1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons_____thebeginningofthisterm.
2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.
3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.
C.用havegone或havebeen
1)Wherearetheboystudents?
They_____totheschoolfactory.
2)Isyourfatherin?
No,he____toShenzhen._______heever______therebefore?
Yes,he___thereseveraltimes
3)HeaskedmeifI_____toHangzhoubefore.
ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI____never____tothatcitybefore.
2.选择填空
1.Mother____meanewcoatyesterday.I_______iton.Itfitsmewell.
A.hadmade…havetried B.made…havetried
C.hasmade…tried D.made…tried
2“He____todrawhorsesalready”.“When______he?
”“Lastyear“
A.learned…has B.learned…did
C.haslearned…has D.haslearned…did
3.Tom_____upintothetree.Look,he____highupthere!
A.hasgot…is B.hasclimbed…was C.got…was D.climbed…is
4.____you_____thetextyet?
Yes,we____ittwohoursago.
A.Did…copy…did B.Have…copied…have
C.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…had
5.“Why______she_______angry?
”“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.”
A.did…get…shouted B.has…got…shouted
C.did…get…hasshouted D.has…got…hasshouted
6.______you__________thefilmbefore?
Where_____you____it?
A.Have…seen…did…see B.Did…see…did…watch
C.Have…seen…have…seen D.Did…see…have…seen
7.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I____foryousincefive.
A.kept…waited B.havekept…waited
C.kept…havewaited D.havekept…havewaited
8.Where______John_______?
Tothelibrary.He_________thereforanhour.
A.has…been…hasgone B.has…gone…hasbeen
C.did…go…went D.did…be…went
9.______thebabystill_____?
No,it_______crying.
A.Has…cried…hasstopped B.Is…crying…stopped
C.Did…cry…stopped D.Is…crying…hasstopped
10.I_______theway.I________hereforquitemanyyears.
A.knew…havelived B.knew…live
C.know…havelived D.know…live
11._____youever_____America?
Yes,Ihave.
A.Have…goneto B.Have…gonein
C.Have…beento D.Have…beenin
12.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.
A.hasgoneto B.hasbeento
C.hasbeenin D.hasbeenat
13.He________theArmybytheendof1989.He______inthearmysincethen.
A.joined…is B.hasjoined…hasbeen
C.hadjoined…is D.hadjoined…hasbeen
14.BythetimeI_____backthey____uptensatellites.
A.came…havesent B.came…hadsent
C.come…havesent D.hadcome…sent
15.Jack____overfivelessonsbyseveno’clock.Thenhe____arest.
A.went…took B.went…hadtaken
C.hadgone…took D.hadgone…hadtaken
16.We____outbythattimethathe____aspyforalongtime.
A.hadfound…hadbeen B.hadfound…was
C.found…hadbeen D.found…was
17.Beforethenews____him,he____toknowaboutit.
A.reaches…hasgot B.reached…hadgot
C.reached…gotD.hadreached…got
18.I_____himasecondletterbeforeI____fromhim.
A.wrote…heardB.wrote…hadheard
C.hadwritten…heardD.havewritten…hear
19.People____thatthesoldiers_____fighting.
A.say…hadstopped B.said…hasstopped
C.say…stopped D.said…hadstopped
20.We____inagoodharvestbecausewe____enoughrain.
A.didn’tget…hadhad B.got…hadhad
C.hadgot…hadhadD.got…hadn’thad
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