山东省菏泽市届高三下学期联考二模英语试题附答案.docx

山东省菏泽市届高三下学期联考二模英语试题附答案.docx

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山东省菏泽市届高三下学期联考二模英语试题附答案

2021菏泽二模考试

第一部分阅读（共两节,满分50分）

第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

EducationOutsidetheClassroom

TheLawrencevilleSchoolprovidesstudentswithexperientiallybasedprogrammesthateducatetheminresponsibleleadership,communityengagement,andcharacterdevelopmentthatenhancebothacademicandnon-academicskills.

CommunityService

TheSchool'sCommunityServiceProgrammeencouragesallLawrentianstoconnectwiththegreatercommunity,givingthemtheopportunitytoengagewithavarietyofpeopleoutsidethestudents'immediateworld.

ModelUN

Studentswilllearntheinner-workingoftheUnitedNationsbyparticipatinginthisprogramme.Duringthefirstsemester,studentsmeetanddiscussimportantworldevents.Duringthesecondsemester,studentspreparetoparticipateintheModelUNConferences.

InvestmentProgramme

Theprogrammegivesstudentshands-onexperienceinthefinancialworld.Studentslearnthebasicsofinvesting,watchtrendsinthemarket,andresearchstocks.Duetoagenerousdonation,thegrouphas$5,000ofrealmoneytoinvest.Gamswillbeinvestedbackintotheprogramme.

FineArts&Literature

Membersmeetweeklytoenjoyacommunityofindividualswhoappreciatethefineartsandliterature.Inthespring,theprogrammepublishesacollectionofartwork—photography,drawings,paintings,essays,shortstoriesandpoetry.Additionally,theprogrammehostsbookdiscussionsandfilmscreeningsthroughouttheyear.

1.What'sthesharedgoalofalltheprogrammes?

A.Toimproveacademicskills.B.Toexperiencecommunitylife.

C.Todevelopoverallcompetence.D.Toencouragesocialinvolvement.

2.Whichprogrammeshouldyouchoosetodevelopgloballeadership?

A.ModelUN.B.CommunityService.

C.FineArtsLiterature.D.InvestmentProgramme.

3.WhatcanbeexpectedoftheInvestmentprogramme?

A.Itmakesaprofitforthoseparticipants.B.Itoffersadvancedmarketingknowledge.

C.Itlaysafoundationforfinancialmanagement.D.Itgivesaccesstosuccessfulbusinessmen.

【答案】1.C2.A3.C

B

SamMehr,apsychologistatHarvardstartedworkingontheprojectafterhekeptreadinganoverfamiliarlineatthetopofresearchpapersthatsaid,“musicisuniversal.”Buteverytimehecameacrossthestatement,therewasn'tacitationtobackitup.

Toseeiftherewasanyprooftothisclaim,heandhisfellowresearcherscreatedtwodatabases：

onewithdescriptionsfromtheresearchersofwhathappenedwhenmusicfromthe1960swasplaying,andanotherof118audiorecordingsfrom86differentsocieties.

Hefoundthattherewerethreecharacteristicsofbehaviorthatconsistentlycharacterizedmusic:

formality,arousal（orhowcalmingorexcitingasongwas）,andreligiosity—religiousrespect.

Peopledidadecentjobguessingthethemes,especiallyfordancesongsandnurseryrhymes,saysManvirSingh,aHarvardPh.D.studentinthedepartmentofhumanevolutionarybiology.

“Musicappearsinthishugediversityofbehavioral,social,emotionalcontextinhumansocieties,”Singhsays,“butitdoessosimilarlyacrosssocieties.”

“Themusicalbrainmayhaveledtothingsthatwetakeforgrantedinhumannature,likecompassionandempathy（同情与共情）,becausemusicuniquelycanhelpusachievethosestates,”DanielLevitin,acognitivescientistwho'sdonesimilarresearchonmusicandevolution,explains,“Nottomentionawe,appreciation,andgratitude.”

ForMehrandhisteam,thehuntfordataisjustthebeginning.Thelabisrunningmoredetailedquizzestodigintohowpeoplerespondtowhattheyhear.Theyalsohopetodostudiesondifferentpopulationslikebabiestoseehowtheyreacttotuneslikenurseryrhymesfromfarawaysocieties.

Singhsayshealsohopestoanalyzelyricsandthewaytheyshapepeople'sfeelingsandactions,evenifit'sinalanguagetheydon’tunderstand.‘‘Exploringthelyricsallowsustobetterunderstandhowmusiccanbringtheseemotionalorbehavioralresponses,”saysSingh,“butalso,inabroaderway,theworldviewofthepeoplewhoaresinging.”

4.What'sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Musicshapespeople'sworldviews.

B.Musicisuniversalacrosssocieties

C.Musicbehaviorsaredifferentincultures.

D.Thescientistshavedifferentopinionsonmusic.

5.Whichmusicbehavioralcharacteristicwillappearwhenrockmusicisplaying?

A.Gratitude.B.Formality.

C.Religiosity.D.Arousal.

6.WhatdoesDanielLevitinthinkofmusic?

A.Itplaysaroleinemotion.

B.Itcan'tleadtoappreciation.

C.Itcanhelpusachievegoals.

D.Itisatalentwearebornwith.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Morequizzeswillbeconducted

B.Differentpopulationswillbestudied.

C.Thehuntfordatahasalreadybeenfinished.

D.Furtherdatawaittobesought.

【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.D

C

Ifyouwatchnaturedocumentaries,it'seasytocomeawaywiththeimpressionthatgrandtropicalforestshavebeenlargelyundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.However,inthelasttwodecades,scientificdatahaveshownthat,actually,humansocietieshaveoccupiedandchangedtheseenvironmentsovermanymillionyears.

PatrickRoberts,fromtheMaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofHumanHistory,sayssomeofthetreesaliveintropicalforestsareuptoathousandyearsold.Andthey'resortofliketimecapsules,storingarecordofpasthumanactivityintheirtreerings,chemistryandDNA.Sohewantedtoseehowdifferentexistingmethodsmightcometogethertoexplorepasttreepopulations,treegrowth,treeagesbylookingatthelargestwitnessesofthechangesinhumanactivityinthetropics—thetreesthemselves.

Forexample,nativepeoplesoftheAmazonbasinplantedBrazilnutsforthousandsofyears.Roberts'colleagueVictorCaetano-AndradeanalyzedtreeringstodeterminetheageandgrowthratesofBrazilnuttreesnearthecityofManaus.Hefoundthatmanytreeswereestablishedinthelate1600s,buttherewasasteepdrop-offinnewtreesaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.

AscolonialcommunitiescameintoManausanddevelopedthecity,theydrovethenativesout,oftenkillingthem.AndwhatVictorfoundisthat,actually,theirgrowthslowedafterthisperiodwithoutthesetraditionalmanagementstrategies.

Anotherexampleishowcommunitiesselectedforgeneticfeaturesinavarietyoftropicaltrees,suchasthecocoatree-used,ofcourse,tomakechocolate.Amoredetailedfullgenomeanalysisofthisplanthasshownthathumansmayhaveevenselectedgenesthatreducedbitternessandimproveditsresistancetodiseasefortheirowneconomicbenefit.

Robertssaysrecognizingtropicaltreesastimecapsulesofculturalheritagegivesusyetanotherreasontoprotectthem.“Notjustbecauseoftheirecologicalbenefits,whicharehugelysignificant,butalsotheinformationthattheystoreabouthumanhistory,aboutourpast.”

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“timecapsules”inParagraph2referto?

A.Oldtrees.B.Humanhistory.

C.Humanactivities.D.Culturalheritage.

9.Whatcausedthegreatdecreaseofnuttreesinthemid-18thcentury?

A.Naturaldisasters.B.Colonialinvasions.

C.EcologicalbenefitsD.Naturalselection.

10.Howisthetextorganized?

A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingasummary.

C.BydrawingcomparisionsD.Byproducingaclassification.

11.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?

A.Tropicalforestsneedtraditionalmanagement.

B.Tropicalforestshavewitnessedhumanhistory.

C.Tropicalforestshavebeenprotectedforeconomicbenefits,

D.Tropicalforestshavebeenundisturbeduntilmoderntimes.

【答案】8.A9.B10.A11.B

D

Lastyear,ateamofbiologistsandcomputerscientistsfromTuftsUniversityandtheUniversityofVermont（UVM）creatednovel,self-healingbiologicalmachinescalledXenobots1.0.Measuringlessthan1mmlongandmadeupof500—1,000livingcells,itcouldmovearound,anddemonstratecooperativegroupactivitieswhilecollectingpilesofmicroparticles.

Theresearchteamhasnowcreatedanewgeneration—Xenobots2.0,whichmovefaster,andhavealongerlifethanthefirstedition,andtheystillhavetheabilitytoworktogetheringroupsandhealthemselvesifdamaged.

ThebiologiststookstemcellsfromembryosoftheAfricanfrogXenopus（hencethenameXenobots）andallowedthemtodevelopindependentlyandgrowintosmallballs,wheresomeofthecellsafterafewdaysbegantoproducecilia,tinyhair-likethingsstickingoutthatmovebackandforthorturnaroundinaspecificway,whichgivesthenewroundrobots“legs”tomovethemrapidlyacrossasurface.

“WewantXenobots2.0todousefulwork.Rightnow,we'regivingthemsimpletaskssuchasgarbagecollectionintheblood,butultimately,we'reaimingforanewkindoflivingtoolthatcould,forexample,cleanupmicroplasticsintheoceanorpollutantsinthesoil.”saidMichaelLevin,afamousprofessorofBiologyfromTuftsUniversity.

Itturnsout,thenewXenobots2.0aremuchfasterandbetterthanlastyear'smodel.Theycanrecordinformationtoadjusttherobot'sactionsandbehaviors,andtheycanalsorepairandrestorethemselvesiftheybecomedamaged.Healingisanaturalfeatureoflivingorganisms,anditisanewmodelsystemthatcanprovideafoundationforregenerativemedicine.

12.WhichadvantagedoestheXenobots2.0haveoverthefirstedition?

A.Itchangesfaster.B.Itperformsbetter.

C.Itbecomeslonger.D.Itevolvesmoreslowly.

13.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.ThedefinitionofXenobots2.0.B.ThefunctionofXenobots2.0.

C.ThemovementofXenobots2.0.D.ThedevelopmentofXenobots2.0.

14.WhatcanXenobots2.0doatpresent?

A.Breakdownnutrients.B.Sweepoutpollutantsinthesoil.

C.Collectgarba