影响圆锥破碎机的片状粒子的一些因素外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx
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影响圆锥破碎机的片状粒子的一些因素外文文献翻译中英文翻译.docx
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影响圆锥破碎机的片状粒子的一些因素外文文献翻译中英文翻译
翻译部分
英文原文
TECHNICALNOTE
SOMEFACTORSWHICHAFFECTTHEGENERATIONOFFLAKYPARTICLESBYACONECRUSHER
A.C.APLINGandN.B.BARRETTT
§DepartmentofMiningandMineralEngineering,UniversityofLeeds,LeedsLS29JT,UK
LindleyPlant,Heage,Derbyshire,UK
(Received6October1995,"accepted15March1996)
ABSTRACT
Theproductsfromaseriesofpilotscaletestshavebeenanalysedforsizeandflakinesstoevaluatesomeofthefactorsaffectingthegenerationofflakymaterialinaconecrusher.Twodifferentfeedsourcescharacterisedintermsofresistancetocrushingandtensilefailurewereusedtoevaluatetheinfluenceofcrusherset.feedrateandofmaterialtypeontheresultantproductcharacter.
Keywords
Industrialminerals;crushing;particlemorphology;comminution
INTRODUCTION
Aggregateproducersmustmeetbothsizeandshapespecifications.TheBS
FlakinessIndex
F.I.=Massflakymaterialinrange×100/Totalmassmaterialinrange
(1)
avoidsarigorousdefinitionofparticleshapebysimplyassigningparticlesaccordingtotheirabilitytopassaspecialslottedgauge.
Theshapeofcrushedproductdependsonthematerialcharacteristicsandthecomminutionmethod.Earlyworkconcludedthatimpactmachinesgivetheleastandconecrushersthemostflakyproductandlowreductionratiosfavourtheproductionofnon—flakyproduct【2】.Conecrushershavemuchlowerrunningcostsparticularlyforharderabrasivematerialsandareinwidespreaduseintheaggregateindustry.
THEPROGRAMMEOFWORK
WorkhasbeenundertakenwiththeObjectiveofevaluatingtheeffectsoffeedrateandcrushersettingonthegenerationofflakymaterialbyaconecrusherfromtwodifferentnaturalmaterials.Twofeedratesandfivecrushersetscoveringtherangeofthemachinewereused.Thelowerfeedrateensuredfreecrushing,withparticlescrushedindependentlyandloadeddirectlybythecrusherfaces.Ahigherlevelallowedmaterialbuildupinthecrusherfeedcavitygivingchokedconditionswhereloadingisachievedthroughaparticlebed.
THEMATERIALS
Thetwofeedmaterialswereofsimilarsize.Thefirstcontainedtwomajorrocktypes;carboniferouslimestone77%,andmillstonegrit(gritstone),23%(RedlandAggregates,Masham,NorthYorkshire),thesecondalsocontainedtwomajorrocks;ametamorphictypeknownlocallyas‘granite’,88%and‘shale’,12%(Tarmac,CliffHillQuarry,Leicestershire).
Particlecharacterisation
FlakinessIndex【1】determinationwasundertakenforallmaterialslargerthan4.0mm.Forsmallersizes,amicroscopewasusedtodistinguishflakyparticlesandtheindexdeterminedfromtheweightsofthetwocategories.Aconversionfactorwasestablishedbetweenthemethods.Sizeanalysisofallmaterialswasdeterminedbystandardsieveanalysis.
Crushability
ThesimplerRockImpactHardnessNumber(RIHN)【3】wasusedratherthantherecommendedaggregatestrengthtests【4】whichrequireextensivelaboratoryapparatus.Itslinearrelationshipwithtensilestrength【5】,suggestsagoodcorrelationwithgenerationofparticlesbycleavage,animportantmechanisminthegenerationofflakyparticles【6】.TheCrushabilityWorkIndex(CWI)【7】wasdeterminedforcomparison.BothCliffHillspeciesweresubstantiallyharderthanthosefromMasham.
THEPILOTSCALETESTS
TestswereconductedusingaStandardSymons2-footConeCrusherfittedwithafinebowlhavingafeedopeningof57.2thin.andrecommendedminimumdischargesettingof6.4mm,【8】.Productsandfeedforeachoftwentytestswereanalysedforsizeandshape.
DISCUSSIONOFRESULTS
Fullanalyticalresults,presentedelsewhere【9】,allowthecharacterisationoftheproductsintermsof
1)themassfractionineachsizefraction
2)theflakinessindexofeachfraction
3)theflakinessindexofthetotalproduct
4)thedistributionofflakyandnon—flakymaterialbysize
andpermittedtheidentificationofconditionsfavourableforthegenerationofnon—flakymaterial.
Factorsaffectingsizedistributionofproduct
TheMashamproductwasgenerallyfinerthanthatfromtheharderCliffHillmaterialdue,inpart,toitscrushingbehaviour.OnlytheMashammaterialshowedanydifferencebetweenfeedrates,generatingmorefinesduringchokefeeding.Thegranularstructureofthismaterialwouldtendtoencouragethis.AtendencyforthecrushingfacestobeforcedapartbytheharderCliffHillfeedundercrowdedconditionswouldreduceitsproductionoffines.
FactorsaffectingFlakinessIndexofdifferentsizes
ThepatternillustratedinFigure1wasobservedinallcases.Productflakinessof100%atthelargestsize,fallsassizedecreases,passingthroughaminimum,beforethenincreasing.Alllargerparticlestendtobeflakybutatdecreasingsetparticlesofsimilarsizehavetobeincreasinglyflaky(thin)toenablepassagethroughthecrushercavity.
FortheMashamfeedtheflakinessofcoarsersizesisslightlylowerforchokefeeding,moreespeciallyatfinersets.suggestingthatundertheseconditionsflakymaterialismorelikelytobebrokenasaconsequenceoftherestrictedopportunitiesforfavourableorientationwithinthecrushingchamber.
Fig.1FlakinessIndexversussize--MashamProductsfordifferentfeedratesandcrushersets
Inallcasesthesizeatwhichflakinessindexisaminimumisbroadlyrelatedcrusherset,increasingasthecrushersetincreases.Overallproductflakiness,calculatedastheweightedmeanoftheindexforindividualsizefractionsisgenerallylessunderchokefeeding,andreducesassetdecreases.
Factorsaffectingsizesforpeakproduction
Fig.2Productdistributionbyshapeandsize--Mashamchokefeedingacstatedstatedsets
Analternativemeasureofproductcharactergivenbythedistributionofflaky(F)andnon—flaky(N)materialbysize,illustratedinFigure2,alsorevealsdifferencesinbehaviour.
Examinationofthedatarevealed,despitethescatteroftheresults,thatforbothmaterials
(1)peakproduction(bothshapes)isrelatedtosetandinallcasestendstoincreaseandoccurinlargersizesassetincreases.
(2)peakflakeproductionoccursinasizelargerthanthatfornon—flake
Peakflakeandnon-flakeproductionissimilarunderdifferentfeedconditionswiththeCliffHillmaterialbutincreasesandoccursathighersizesassetincreases.whilstfortheMashamfeedmaximumproductionoccursatincreasingsizebutflakeproductiondecreaseswhilstnon-flakeincreases.Chokefeedingconditions,especiallyatfinersets,tendstoresultinmorenon—flakeand1essflakeproductionalthoughtheeffectontheCliffHillmaterialisnoticeableonlyatthefinestset.Largesizesconsistalmostentirelyofflakymaterialwhichescapesbreakageduetofavourableorientation.
GeneralDiscussion
Iftheformoftheproductsizedistributionissimilarthenasmallercrushersetshouldreduceoverallflakinesssinceanyincreaseinflakinessofthecoarsersizeswillbecounterbalancedbyanincreasedproportionofnon—flakyfinersizes.FortheMashamfeedthistendstobethecase.TheresultsforCliffHillare1essclear.Earlierwork[2]suggestedthatflakinessdecreasesathighfeedratesandalsoatlargercrushersets.Theseresultsappeartocontradictthelatterfinding.Howeveroverallflakinessmaskstheeffectsonindividualsizefractions,someofwhichmaynotberequiredasproduct.Largersizedftakyparticlesgeneratedbycrushingatlargesetscouldpresumablyberemovedbyscreeningleavingthefinernon—flakeasproduct.
Theincreasedpeaknon—flakeproductionforlargercrushersetswiththeweakerMashammaterialsuggeststhattheseconditionsfavourthegenerationofaproduct,followingrejectionofcoarsesizesbyscreening,oflowflakiness.
Contrarytoearlierwork[2]theminimumflakinesssizeisalwayslessthanthesizeatwhichtotalproductionisamaximumanddoesnotcorrespondtothesizeofmaximumnon—flakeproduction.Equivalenceofthesetwosizeswouldclearlygeneratethemaximumquantityofnon.flakyproduct,normallytheobjective.Theratioofmaximumproductionsizestominimumflakinesssizeallowsexaminationoftheeffectofcrushingconditionsonnon.flakeproduction,showninFigure3,revealingabroadtrendforthesesizestoapproacheachotherascrushersetdecreases.Thissuggeststhatthemostfavourableconditionsoccurforsmallersets,thatiShighreductionratios.Althoughpeaknon—flakeproductionincreasesassetincreasesitisaccompaniedbygreaterflakeproductinthesamesize.
Thedilemmatheniswhethertherequirementismaximumproductionofnon—flakeandthatgenerationofflakymaterialinthesamesizeisnotaproblem.inwhichcasealowreductionratioseemstoberequired.orwhethertheminimumflakinessindexiSrequired.thatisthegenerationofflakymaterialiStobeminimisedinaparticularsize.Ifthisisthecasethenamuchsmallersetseemstoproducetherequiredresult.Thechoicethenisbetweenmaximumproductionofnon—flakeorminimumflakinessindex.Inrealityacompromisebetweenthetworequirementswilloftengeneratethemaximumproductoftherequiredspecificationandclosecontrolonthesetofthecrushingmachineswillberequiredtoensureoptimumconditionsaremetatalltimes.
Thelargevariationinthedataleadstoadegreeofuncertaintyinrelationtoitsinterpretationandreflectsthedifficultyofobtainingdatainrelationtolargesizedmaterial,neverthelessitisbelievedthatsomeimportanttrendshavebeenidentifiedwhichareofrelevancetotheperformanceofconecrushers.Theworkherehighlightstheimportanceofgatheringfurtherinformationinorderproperlytoquantifytheseeffects.
Fig.3Sizeratioversuscrusherset
CONCLUSIONS
Thebroadconclusionsreachedfromthecurrentworkcanbesummarisedasfollows;
1.Maximumflakinessoccure
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