初中英语 牛津上海版九年级上Unit6知识点及语法点.docx
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初中英语 牛津上海版九年级上Unit6知识点及语法点.docx
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初中英语牛津上海版九年级上Unit6知识点及语法点
U6
一、词汇Words
重点词语搭配
attacksb.with…“用…攻击某人”
geton/along(well)withsb“与某人相处(得好)”
asaresult“(作为)结果”
arrestsb.forsth.“因某事而逮捕某人”
putup(agoodfight)“进行(激烈地搏斗)”
makesb.someenemies“给某人树敌”
beguiltyof…..“有……罪”
againstthelaw“犯法;违法”
二、语法点拨
间接引语
引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“”标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句(其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式)。
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?
1.人称的转变(口诀:
一随主,二随宾,三不变)
人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
2.时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:
直接引语中的时态
间接引语中的时态
直接引语中的时态
间接引语中的时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般过去时
过去完成时
现在完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时
过去完成时(不变)
现在进行时
过去进行时
过去进行时
过去完成进行时或不变
现在完成进行时
过去完成进行时
3、直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候。
(2)当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候。
(3)当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”——>Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.
(4)当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”——>
Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.
(5)当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时。
(6)当引语是谚语、格言时。
(7)当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如:
Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”——>
ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.
(8)此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。
如:
Teacher:
Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.
Student:
Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?
Monitor:
Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.
4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化
(1)时间状语:
直接引语
间接引语
直接引语
间接引语
now
then
tomorrow
thenext/followingday
today
thatday
nextweek
thenext/followingweek
yesterday
thedaybefore
twodaysago
twodaysbefore
lastweek
theweekbefore
thisweek
thatweek
(2)指示代词:
these变成those
(3)地点状语:
here变成there
Shesaid,“Iwon'tcomehereanymore.”——>Shesaidthatshewouldn’tgothereanymore..
(4)动词:
come变成go,bring变成take
5、直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化
(1)陈述句。
用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。
主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat,如:
Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”——>HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.
Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”——>
HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可说toldthat)
此外主句中的谓语还常有:
repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如:
Hesaid,“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”——>Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoft-heheavytraffic.
如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。
Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”——>
Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.
(2)直接引语为一般疑问句,间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。
Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?
”——>
Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.
(3)直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用either…or….如:
Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?
”——>HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench..
Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?
”——>Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.
(4)直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。
如:
Heasked,“What'syourname?
”——>Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.
Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?
”——>
Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.
(5)直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,orde-r,request等。
如asksb.todo,(由肯定祈使句变成)asksb.nottodo(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。
如:
Hesaid,“Beseated,please.”——>Heaskedustobeseated.
“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.——>Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.
“Nevercomehereagain!
”saidtheofficernearby.——>
Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.
“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.——>
Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.
(6)有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句,可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述,如:
Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”——>Hesuggestedourhavingarest.
Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”——>Heofferedtohelpme.
(7)当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示请求,建议意义时,可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。
如:
“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?
”heasked.——>Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.
“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?
”heaskedus.——>
Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.
(8)直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:
Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!
”——>Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalov-elyday.
【小试牛刀】
1.Heaskedme________withme.
A.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD.whatwasthematter
2.Heasked________forthecomputer.
A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________
A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
能力提高练习
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_____.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.
A.who B.what C.when D.where
12.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
13.Doyoustillremember_______?
A.thathesaid B.whathesaid C.didhesaythat D.whatdidhesay
14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadr
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