职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052464.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052464.docx

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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案052464

职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-64

1、CookingOilFumesCauseTumor

Theleadingcauseoflungcanceramongwomeninthecitywascookingoilfumeswhilemenaremorelikelytodevelopthediseasefromsmoking,saidmedicalexpertsafterafiveyearresearchstudy.

Doctorsannouncedtheresultsyesterdaywithanalysisonsomenewtendenciesinlungcancer,Theysaidpatientsareyounger,especiallywomen.

AccordingtotheShanghaiTumorresearchInstitute,morelocalresidentsdieoflungcancerinthecitythananythingelse.Followingbreastcancer,ithasthesecond-highestincidencerate.

"Anunhealthylifestyleisaveryimportantreasonforlungcancer,"saidDrHeYuminfromShanghaiMinshenTraditionalChineseMedicineTumorDiagnosisandTreatmentCenter.

Hefollowed2,276lungcancerpatientsforfiveyears.Amongthem,1,433weremale.

Smokingcauses70percentofcasesamongmenwhileonly18percentoffemalepatientsdevelopedcancerfromsmokingorinhalingsecond-handsmoke,accordingtothereport.

However,morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutirritatedeyesandthroat.

About32percentofwomenfriedfoodsinboilingoilinunventilatedkitchensandabout25percentofwomen'sbedroomswereadjacenttothekitchen.

However,localwomenweresurprisedtolearncookingoilfumescouldleadtocancer.Someclaimedtheymaychangefoodpreparationmethods.

"UnlessmyfamilyandIdon'teatathomeeveryday,Imuststayinthekitchentocook,"saidXuLi,a45-year-oldlocalwoman."Iknowthefumesarebadfortheskin,butitisthefirsttimeIheardthatitcanresultinlungcancer.Ihavealreadystartedfryingless."

Doctorssaidwomen'slungcancerhadfewlinkstopersonalhealthandphysicalcondition,butwascloselyrelatedtofamilycancerhistory,unhealthydietaryhabitsandweakimmunesystems.

Otherexpertsagreedwithhim.

"Smokingisbyfarthebiggestcauseoflungcancerformen,"saidDr.TanBinyong,honorarypresidentoftheRespiratoryDiseaseInstituteatFudanUniversity'sMedicalCollege."It'struethatsecond-handsmokeandcookingfumesarethemaincausesamongwomen."

Hisresearchalsowarnedpeoplenottostandnearofstallssellingfriedfoodsduetothepoorqualityofoilsused.

Thechanceofcatchinglungcanceristhreetimeshigherifexposedtothefumeforalongtime,expertssaid.

Whatsymptomsmaybecomplainedofbymostwomenwithlungcancerafterlongtermclosecontactwithcookingoilfumes?

【单选题】

A.Irritatedeyesandthroat.

B.Severepaininbothlungs.

C.Continuouscoughandheadache.

D.Difficultyinbreathing.

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

细节考查题。

答案参见第七段：

However，morethan60percentofwomenwiththediseasehadlongterm,closecontactwithstrongoilfumesfromcookingandcomplainedaboutirritatedeyesandthroat（60％以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并表示眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受）。

故正确答案为A。

2、Happiness

Ifyoursenseofwell-beingfluctuateswithstockmarket,youmightbecomfortedtoknowthatmoneycan'tbuyyouhappinessanyway.

InoneAmericanstudyconductedin1993,levelofincomewasshowntohaveaninverserelationtohappiness:

Thegroupwhoseincomehaddeclinedwashappieroverallthanthegroupwhoseincomehadincreased.Asoon-to-bepublishedreviewofthehundredsofstudiesonthissubjectsupportsthe1993findings.

Indevelopedcountries,thecorrelationbetweenincomeandhappinessisclosetozeroandsometimesnegative.

Withacorrelationbetweenlevelofincomeandhappinesssomewherebetween0.12and0.18,theUnitedStatesisnearthebottomofthelist;thatfactorsotherthanincomeareoverwhelminglymoreimportantinexplaininghappiness.

Also,asourmaterialwealthincreases,thegapbetweenincomeandsatisfactionwithlifeseemstobewidening.Predictably,moneyhasitsmostpositiveeffectonthepoor,butonceapersonhasachievedaminimalstandardoflivinglevelofincomehasalmostnothingtodowithhappiness.

Closerelationship,ratherthanmoney,isthekeytohappiness.Indeed,thenumberofone'spersonalfriendsisamuchbetterindicatorofoverallsatisfactionwithlifethanpersonalwealth.Onestandsabetterchanceofachievingasatisfyinglifebyspendingtimewithfriendsandfamilythanbystrivingforhigherincome.Incidentally,intheUS,aspeoplebecomericher,theprobability

ofdivorceincreases.

Ourneedforcompanionshipispartlybiological.Allprimatesrespondwithpleasuretodemonstrationsofaffectionandwithpaintolossofcompanionship.Isolatedmonkeyswillsacrificefoodjustfortheglimpsesofanothermonkey.Byignoringourbiologicallyprogrammedneedforeachother,weriskphysicalandmentaldistress.

Arecentcross-nationalstudyofmentaldepressionintheUSfoundthatinadvancedcountries,thereisarisingtideofmajordepression.Teenagesuicideshaveincreasedinrecentdecadesinalmostalladvancedcountries.Moreover,intheUSsinceWorldWarⅡ,therehasbeenanactualdeclineintheproportionofpeoplewhoreportthemselvestobe"veryunhappy."

Youcaneasilytesttheclaimthatcompanionshipexceedswealthasasourceofhappiness.Askyourselfwhichhasagreaterinfluenceonyoursatisfactionwithlife:

yourincomeortheaffectionofyourintimatecompanionsandthewell-beingofyourchildren?

Conversely,whichwouldmakeyoumoredepressed:

areductioninsalaryoradivorceandisolationfromyourfriends?

Capitalismsucceedsincreatingmaterialriches,butitislesssuccessfulinbuildingcompanionablesocietiesandprotectingfamilyintegrity.Butdevelopingcountriesstillhavemuchworktodoinpursuingmaterialwealth,whereariseinproductivitystillgreatlyincreaseshappiness.Forpoorercountries,thetimeisnotyetripeforashiftinprioritiesfromwealthaccumulationtocompanionship.

Canweaffordtobelievethatthepursuitofmaterialgainwillleadtoself-fulfillment?

Weshouldcontinuetoenjoyourwealthingoodcompany,orelsewemayfindthatitisnotsatisfying.

Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoshareourbiologicalneedforcompanionshipbesidesthemonkey?

【单选题】

A.Aswallow.

B.Apig.

C.Anape.

D.Adog.

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

根据常识来看，因为猿猴（C与猴子最接近，所以推测C最可能是答案。

结合段首句的内容来看，这个句子是用作具体的例子例证“我们对友谊的需要有部分原因是出于动物的天性。

”判断该句前句中提到的灵长目（猴子也属于灵长目）也应该是用来例证的，因此判断灵长目都应该具有对友谊的生理需要，因此判断C（猿猴）是答案。

3、Outside-the-classroomLearningMakesaBigDifference

Puttingabunchofcollegestudentsinchargeofa$300,000DanceMarathon,fundraisersurelysoundsabitrisky.Whenyouconsiderthefactthatthemoneyissupposedtobegivento.Childreninneedofmedicalcare,youmightcalltheideacrazy.

Moststudentleadersdon'twanttospendalargeamountoftimeonsomethingtheycarelittleabout,said22-year-oldUniversityofFloridastudentDarrenHeitner.HewastheDanceMarathon'soperationsofficerfortwoyears.

YvonneFangmeyer,directorofthestudentorganizationofficeattheUniversityofWisconsin,conductedasurveyinFebruaryofstudentsinvolvedincampusorganizations.Shesaidthedesireforfriendshipwasthemostfrequentlycitedreasonforjoining.

AtlargeuniversitieslikeFangmeyer's,whichhasmorethan40,000students,thestudents,firstofall,wanttofindawayto"belongintheirowncomerofcampus".

KatieRowley,aWisconsinsenior,confirmsthesurvey'sfindings."IwantedtomakethecampusfeelsmallerbyjoininganorganizationwhereIcouldnotonlygetinvolvedoncampusbutalsofindagroupoffriends."

Allofthistalkoffriendship,however,doesnotmeanthatstudentsaren'tthinkingabouttheirresumes."Ithinkthatalotofpeopledojointo'fattenuptheirresume',"saidHeitner."Atthebeginningofmycollegecareer,Ijoinedafewoftheseorganizations,hopingtogetastartinmyleadershiproles."

Butwithoutpassionstudentleaderscanhaveadifficulttimetryingtoweatherthestormsthatcome.Forexample,inApril,severalstudentorganizationsatWisconsinteamedupforaneventdesignedtoeducatestudentsabouthomelessnessandpoverty.Studentleadershadtofacetheproblemofsolvingdisagreements,movingtheeventbecauseofrainyweather,anddealingwiththeuniversity'scomplicatedbureaucracy.

"Outside-oftheclassroomlearningreallymakesabigdifference,"Fangmeyersaid.

Whatdostudentleadersneedtocarryanactivitythroughtoasuccessfulend?

【单选题】

A.Passion.

B.Money.

C.Power.

D.Fame.

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

答案可以从倒数第二段找到。

第一句话是这么说的：

但是，如果没有激情（passion），学生干部试图经受急风暴雨的考验是会有困难的。

4、Computercrimes

Moreandmore,theoperationsofourbusiness,governments,andfinancialinstitutionsarecontrolledbyinformationthatexistsonlyinsidecomputermemories.Anyonecleverenoughtomodifythisinformationforhisownpurposescanreapsubstantialrewards.Evenworse,anumberofpeoplewhohavedonethisandbeencaughtatithavemanagedtogetawaywithoutpunishment.

It'seasyforcomputercrimestogoundetectedifnoonechecksuponwhatthecomputerisdoing,butevenifthecrimeisdetected,thecriminalmaywalkawaynotonlyunpunishedbutwithaglowingrecommendationfromhisformeremployers.Ofcourse,wehavenostatisticsoncrimesthatgoundetectedbutit'sdisturbingtonotehowmanyofthecrimeswedoknowaboutweredetectedbyaccident,notbysystematicinspectionsorothersecurityprocedures.Thecomputercriminalswhohavebeencaughtmayhavebeenthevictimsofuncommonlybadluck.

Forexample,acertainkeypunchoperatorcomplainedofhavingtostayovertimetopunchextracards.Investigationrevealedthattheextracardsshewasbeingaskedtopunchwerefordishonesttransactions.Inanothercase,dissatisfiedemployeesofthethieftippedoffthecompanythatwasbeingr