美国文学课后习题.docx
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美国文学课后习题.docx
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美国文学课后习题
Unit2EdgarAllanPoe
1)Whoisthenarrator?
Whatwrongdoeshewanttoredress?
ItisMontresor.FortunatohasgivenMontresorthousandsofinjuriesthathehastobearbeforehehasthisopportunityoftakingrevenge.
2)WhatisthepretextMontresorusestolureFortunadotohiswinecellar?
HeclaimsthathehasjustgotacaskofAmontiladoandstoresitinthewinecellarbeforehemayfindaconnoisseurtotestifytoitsauthenticity.
3)WhathappenstoFortunadointheend?
ThedeceivedFortunadoiskilledbecauseofhisinabilityofgettingoutofthecatacomb.
4)DescribebrieflyhowPoecharacterizesMortresorandFortunadoascontrasts.
PoecharacterizesMortresorandFortunadoasseeminglycontrastingcharacterschieflybypresentingtheiridenticalhabitinwineandtheirdifferentmannerstowardseachother,butactuallyheintendstoshowsomesimilarlydefectiveaspectsintheirnature.ThesimilarityintheirnatureisalsosuggestedbytheirnamesassynonymsinItalian:
Mortresormeans“fortune”whileFortunado“treasure”.TheirdefectivenatureishighlightedwhentherevengerMortresor,whoisfullypreparedonpsychologicalandoperatinglevels,throwsthehardlypreparedbuttotallydeceivedwrong-doerFortunadointothedeepanddampcatacombandblocksupitsentrancewithhugerocks.
Unit719thCenturyAmericanPoets
1.HenryWadsworthLongfellow
(1)IShotanArrow…
1.Whydidthespeakerlosesightofhisarrowandsong?
Thearrowfliestooswiftlyandtoofarawaytobeseenbythespeaker;whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.
2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?
Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.
3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?
Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.
(2)APsalmofLife
1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?
Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.
2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?
Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.
3.Interpretthemetaphorof"Footprintsonthesandoftime"(line28).
Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.
2.WaltWhitman
(1)One'sSelfISing
1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'sself?
Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.
2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?
Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.
3.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"theModernMan"?
Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.
(3)OCaptain!
MyCaptain!
1.Whyistheword"Captain"capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?
Inthispoemtheword“Captain”speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnitedStates.
2.Whatoverallmetaphordoesthepoetemployinthispoem?
Lifeisajourney.
3.Whydopeopleontheshoresexultandbellsring,whilethespeakerremainssosad?
Theywelcometheshipreturningfromitshardtrip,whereasthespeakerissadbecausethecaptainfailstoreceivehisownhonor.
3.EmilyDickinson
(1)ToMakeaPrairie…
1.Whatthingsareneededto"make"aprairie?
Inwhatsensecanonereallydoit?
Somegrassandinsectsandsmallanimals.Peoplecanmakeaprairiewiththeirimagination.
2.Howcan"reveryalone"createaprairie?
Theprairiestaysinone'smind.
(2)SuccessIsCountedSweetest
1.Whyissuccess"countedsweetestbythosewhone'ersucceed"?
Thosewhohavetastedthebitternessoffailurewouldhaveakeenerdesireforsuccess.
2.Whoare"thepurplehost"?
Theso-calledsuccessfulpeopleintheworld.
3.Whois"he"inthelaststanza?
Anyonewhoispursuinghissuccess.
(3)I'mNobody!
1.Whoarethe"pairofus"and"they"inthispoem?
The"pairofus"referstothespeakerinthepoemandthereader,and"they"referstothepublic,especiallythoseinpower.
2.Whatdoes"anadmiringbog"reallymean?
"(line28).
ItImpliesthevainandemptycommonpeople,whoarealwaysadmiringandpursuingthecelebrities.
3.Whatisthethemeofthispoem?
Therealadmirablelifeisasecludedandcommonone.
4.Doyouwanttobe"nobody"or"somebody"?
Explainyourreasons.
Differentpersonswouldhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Personally,Iprefertobenobody.
Unit1720th-CenturyAmericanPoets
1.EzraPound
InAStationoftheMetro
1.Whydoesthepoetcallthefacesofpedestrians"apparition"?
Thesepedestriansareallwalkinginahurryamidstthedrizzlingrain.
2.Whatdo"petals"and"bough"standfor?
Petalsrefertothefaceswhiletheboughstandsforthefloatingcrowd.
2.WallaceStevens
AnecdoteoftheJar
1.Whatdoesthejarinpoemsymbolize?
Whydoesthespeakerplaceitontopofahill?
Thejarheresymbolizesacertainperspectiveonlookingatthisworld.Iftheperspectiveoftheviewingiscreativeandunique,itwillchangetheconventionalorderoftheoldworld.Whenanewperspectivecomesout,itwillcertainlyholdattentionfromtherest.
2.Thejaris"round"and"ofaportinair,"meaningthatithasastatelyimportance.Whateffectdoesithaveonsurroundingswhenplacedontheground?
Maybetheroundjarassumestheairofadomineeringfigure,whichhelpstoformacertainorderoutofthedisorderedsurrounding.
3.HowdidthewildernessofTennesseecharacterized?
Whatwordsorphrasesdoesthepoetusetodescribeit?
Tennesseeseemstoaplacefulloflifeandenergy.“Slovenly,”“sprawl”and“wild”aresomeofthewordsusedtodescribetheplace.(SeeAnecdoteoftheJar)
3.WilliamCarlosWilliams
WilliamCarlosWilliams
1.Howdoesthefirsttwolinesdifferfromtheotherpairsoflines?
Eachofthelastthreecoupletscreatesavisualimage(“aredwheelbarrow,”“glazedwithrainwater,”and“thewhitechickens”),whereasthefirstonedoesnot.
2.Whatisthemostvisuallycompellingwordineachofthelastthreepairsoflines?
Theyare“red,glazedandwhite”.(SeeEXPLANATION:
“TheRedWheelbarrow”below)
3.Whatisthemeaningof"dependsupon"inthefirstpairoflines?
Theopeninglinessetthetonefortherestofthepoem.Sincethepoemiscomposedofonesentencebrokenupatvariousintervals,itistruthfultosaythat'somuchdependsupon'eachlineofthepoem.Thisissobecausetheformofthepoemisalsoitsmeaning.Thismayseemconfusing,butbytheendofthepoemtheimageofthewheelbarrowisseenastheactualpoem,asinapaintingwhenoneseesanimageofanapple,theapplerepresentsanactualobjectinreality,butsinceitispartofapaintingtheapplealsobecomestheactualpieceofart.Theselinesarealsoimportantbecausetheyintroducetheideathat'somuchdependsupon'thewheelbarrow.SEEanswer1.
4.RobertFrost
(1)FireandIce
1.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoffireinthispoem?
Firesymbolizesnaturaldisaster,humanpassion,aswellaswar.
2.Whydoesthespeakersaythaticeisalsogreatfordestruction?
Explainwhaticestandsforhere.
Ice,opposetofire,isalsoadreadfulnaturaldisasterinthisworld,andiceisalwaysrelatedtoindifference,coldness,hatred,andtheothernegativesentimentsofhumanbeings.
3.Whatisyouropinionaboutfireandice?
Whichoneismoredestructive?
Bothfireandicecandestroythisbeautifulworldiftheyarebeyondcontrolofhumanbeings.Thereforeweshouldbeopen-mindedandreduceourprejudiceandpridesoastokeepthisworldinpeace.
(2)StoppingByWoodsOnaSnowyEvening
1.Inyouropinion,whatwasthereasonthatmadethespeakerstopbythewoodsonasnowyevening?
Thepoetwasdeeplyattractedbythenaturalbeautyofthesceneatthatverymoment.
2.Whydidthehorsegivetheharnessbellashake?
Thehorsegrewimpatientbystoppinginthemiddleofthedark,coldwoodsatmidnight.Itwaseagertogohome.
3.Whycouldn'tthespeakerstaylongerbythewoodstoappreciateitsmysteriousbeauty?
Herealizedthatitwaslateatnightandhewouldhavetohurryhometogetsomefoodandsleep,becausethenextmorninghewouldhavealotofworktodo.
4.Whatistheeffectofrepetitioninthelasttwolines?
Therefrain-likerepetitioninthelasttwolinesremindsthereaderasimplefactoflife:
whateverhappens,onemustgoforwardinthejourneyofhisorherlife.
(3)TheRoadNotTaken
1.Whatisthespeaker'sinitialresponsetothedivergenceofthetworoads?
Thespeakerisatalosswhichroadheshouldchoose,andhefeelssorrythathecannotexplorebothroadsatthesametime.
2.Describethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthesetworoads.Whichonedoesthespeakertake?
Tworoadsaresimilarexceptoneofthemismore“grassy,”whichimpliesthatitislesstraveledbypeople.Thespeakerprefersthelesstraveledone,becausehelikesadventure.
3.Whatmightthetworoadsstandforinthespeaker'smind?
Oneroadstandsforthetraditionaloneandtheotherisunconventionaloneandfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Tofollowotherpeople'sfootstepsortoopenanewroadforhimselfisreallynotaneasydecisionforustomakeinourlives.
5.LangstonHughes
(1)Dreams
1.Whymustwesticktoourdreams?
IfGodisnotthefirstmoveinourlife,surelyourdreamsarethesame.
2.Whatimagesdoesthepoetemploytodescribethelifeonceweloseourdreams?
Withoutdreamsourlifewillbeabrokenbirdandabarrenfield.Ithinkwithoutdreamourlifewillbeagrandshipdr
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