美国联邦民事诉讼规则.docx
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美国联邦民事诉讼规则.docx
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美国联邦民事诉讼规则
FEDERALRULESOFCIVILPROCEDURE
I.SCOPEOFRULESONEFORMOFACTION
Rule1ScopeandPurposeofRules
TheserulesgoverntheprocedureintheUnitedStatesdistrictcourtsinallsuitsofacivilnaturewhethercognizableascasesatlaworinequityorinadmiralty,withtheexceptionsstatedinRule81.Theyshallbeconstruedandadministeredtosecurethejust,speedy,andinexpensivedeterminationofeveryaction.
Rule2OneFormofAction
Thereshallbeoneformofactiontobeknownascivilaction.
II.COMMENCEMENTOFACTION;SERVICEOFPROCESS,PLEADINGS,MOTIONS,ANDORDERS
Rule3CommencementofAction
Acivilactioniscommencedbyfilingacomplaintwiththecourt.
Rule4Summons
(a)Form.Thesummonsshallbesignedbytheclerk,bearthesealofthecourt,identifythecourtandtheparties,bedirectedtothedefendant,andstatethenameandaddressoftheplaintiff'sattorneyor,ifunrepresented,oftheplaintiff.Itshallalsostatethetimewithinwhichthedefendantmustappearanddefend,andnotifythedefendantthatfailuretodosowillresultinajudgmentbydefaultagainstthedefendantforthereliefdemandedinthecomplaint.Thecourtmayallowasummonstobeamended.
(b)Issuance.Uponorafterfilingthecomplaint,theplaintiffmaypresentasummonstotheclerkforsignatureandseal.Ifthesummonsisinproperform,theclerkshallsign,seal,andissueittotheplaintiffforserviceonthedefendant.Asummons,oracopyofthesummonsifaddressedtomultipledefendants,shallbeissuedforeachdefendanttobeserved.
(c)ServicewithComplaint;byWhomMade.
(1)Asummonsshallbeservedtogetherwithacopyofthecomplaint.Theplaintiffisresponsibleforserviceofasummonsandcomplaintwithinthetimeallowedundersubdivision(m)andshallfurnishthepersoneffectingservicewiththenecessarycopiesofthesummonsandcomplaint.
(2)Servicemaybeeffectedbyanypersonwhoisnotapartyandwhoisatleast18yearsofage.Attherequestoftheplaintiff,however,thecourtmaydirectthatservicebeeffectedbyaUnitedStatesmarshal,deputyUnitedStatesmarshal,orotherpersonorofficerspeciallyappointedbythecourtforthepurpose.Suchanappointmentmustbemadewhentheplaintiffisauthorizedtoproceedinformapauperispursuantto28U.S.C.§1915orisauthorizedtoproceedasaseamanunder28U.S.C.§1916
(d)WaiverofService;DutytoSaveCostsofService;RequesttoWaive.
(1)Adefendantwhowaivesserviceofasummonsdoesnottherebywaiveanyobjectiontothevenueortothejurisdictionofthecourtoverthepersonofthedefendant.
(2)Anindividual,corporation,orassociationthatissubjecttoserviceundersubdivision(e),(f),or(h)andthatreceivesnoticeofanactioninthemannerprovidedinthisparagraphhasadutytoavoidunnecessarycostsofservingthesummons.Toavoidcosts,theplaintiffmaynotifysuchadefendantofthecommencementoftheactionandrequestthatthedefendantwaiveserviceofasummons.Thenoticeandrequest.
(A)shallbeinwritingandshallbeaddresseddirectlytothedefendant,ifanindividual,orelsetoanofficerormanagingorgeneralagent(orotheragentauthorizedbyappointmentorlawtoreceiveserviceofprocess)ofadefendantsubjecttoserviceundersubdivision(h);
(B)shallbedispatchedthroughfirst-classmailorotherreliablemeans;
(C)shallbeaccompaniedbyacopyofthecomplaintandshallidentifythecourtinwhichithasbeenfiled;
(D)shallinformthedefendant,bymeansofatextprescribedinanofficialformpromulgatedpursuanttoRule84,oftheconsequencesofcomplianceandofafailuretocomplywiththerequest;
(E)shallsetforththedateonwhichrequestissent;(F)shallallowthedefendantareasonabletimetoreturnthewaiver,whichshallbeatleast30daysfromthedateonwhichtherequestissent,or60daysfromthatdateifthedefendantisaddressedoutsideanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStates;and
(G)shallprovidethedefendantwithanextracopyofthenoticeandrequest,aswellasaprepaidmeansofcomplianceinwriting.
IfadefendantlocatedwithintheUnitedStatesfailstocomplywitharequestforwaivermadebyaplaintifflocatedwithintheUnitedStates,thecourtshallimposethecostssubsequentlyincurredineffectingserviceonthedefendantunlessgoodcauseforthefailurebeshown.
(3)Adefendantthat,beforebeingservedwithprocess,timelyreturnsawaiversorequestedisnotrequiredtoserveananswertothecomplaintuntil60daysafterthedateonwhichtherequestforwaiverofservicewassent,or90daysafterthatdateifthedefendantwasaddressedoutsideanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStates.
(4)Whentheplaintifffilesawaiverofservicewiththecourt,theactionshallproceed,exceptasprovidedinparagraph(3),asifasummonsandcomplainthadbeenservedatthetimeoffilingthewaiver,andnoproofsofserviceshallberequired.
(5)Thecoststobeimposedonadefendantunderparagraph
(2)forfailuretocomplywitharequesttowaiveserviceofasummonsshallincludethecostssubsequentlyincurredineffectingserviceundersubdivision(e),(f),or(h),togetherwiththecosts,includingareasonableattorney'sfee,ofanymotionrequiredtocollectthecostsofservice.
(e)ServiceUponIndividualsWithinaJudicialDistrictoftheUnitedStates.Unlessotherwiseprovidedbyfederallaw,serviceuponanindividualfromwhomawaiverhasnotbeenobtainedandfiled,otherthananinfantoranincompetentperson,maybeeffectedinanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStates:
(1)pursuanttothelawofthestateinwhichthedistrictcourtislocated,orinwhichserviceiseffected,fortheserviceofasummonsuponthedefendantinanactionbroughtinthecourtsofgeneraljurisdictionoftheState;or
(2)bydeliveringacopyofthesummonsandofthecomplainttotheindividualpersonallyorbyleavingcopiesthereofattheindividual'sdwellinghouseorusualplaceofabodewithsomepersonofsuitableageanddiscretionthenresidingthereinorbydeliveringacopyofthesummonsandofthecomplainttoanagentauthorizedbyappointmentorbylawtoreceiveserviceofprocess.
(f)ServiceUponIndividualsinaForeignCountry.Unlessotherwiseprovidedbyfederallaw,serviceuponanindividualfromwhomawaiverhasnotbeenobtainedandfiled,otherthananinfantoranincompetentperson,maybeeffectedinaplacenotwithinanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStates:
(1)byanyinternationallyagreedmeansreasonablycalculatedtogivenotice,suchasthosemeansauthorizedbytheHagueConventionontheServiceAbroadofJudicialandExtrajudicialDocuments;or
(2)ifthereisnointernationallyagreedmeansofserviceortheapplicableinternationalagreementallowsothermeansofservice,providedthatserviceisreasonablycalculatedtogivenotice:
(A)inthemannerprescribedbythelawoftheforeigncountryforserviceinthatcountryinanactioninanyofitscourtsofgeneraljurisdiction;or
(B)asdirectedbytheforeignauthorityinresponsetoaletterrogatoryorletterofrequest;or
(C)unlessprohibitedbythelawoftheforeigncountry,by
(i)deliverytotheindividualpersonallyofacopyofthesummonsandthecomplaint;or
(ii)anyformofmailrequiringasignedreceipt,tobeaddressedanddispatchedbytheclerkofthecourttothepartytobeserved;or
(3)byothermeansnotprohibitedbyinternationalagreementasmaybedirectedbythecourt.
(g)ServiceUponInfantsandIncompetentPerson.ServiceuponaninfantoranincompetentpersoninajudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStatesshallbeeffectedinthemannerprescribedbythelawofthestateinwhichtheserviceismadefortheserviceofsummonsorlikeprocessuponanysuchdefendantinanactionbroughtinthecourtsofgeneraljurisdictionofthatstate.ServiceuponaninfantoranincompetentpersoninaplacenotwithinanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStatesshallbeeffectedinthemannerprescribedbyparagraph
(2)(A)or
(2)(B)ofsubdivision(f)orbysuchmeansasthecourtmaydirect.
(h)ServiceUponCorporationsandAssociations.Unlessotherwiseprovidedbyfederallaw,serviceuponadomesticorforeigncorporationoruponapartnershiporotherunincorporatedassociationthatissubjecttosuitunderacommonname,andfromwhichawaiverofservicehasnotbeenobtainedandfiled,shallbeeffected:
(1)inajudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStatesinthemannerprescribedforindividualsbysubdivision(e)
(1),orbydeliveringacopyofthesummonsandofthecomplainttoanofficer,amanagingorgeneralagent,ortoanyotheragentauthorizedbyappointmentorbylawtoreceiveserviceofprocessand,iftheagentisoneauthorizedbystatutetoreceiveserviceandthestatutesorequires,byalsomailingacopytothedefendant,or
(2)inaplacenotwithinanyjudicialdistrictoftheUnitedStatesinanymannerprescribedforindividualsbysubdivision(f)exceptpersonaldeliveryasprovidedinparagraph
(2)(C)(i)thereof.
(i)ServingtheUnitedStates,ItsAgencies,Corporations,Officers,orEmployees.
(1)ServiceupontheUnitedStatesshallbeeffected
(A)bydeliveringacopyofthesummonsandofthecomplainttotheUnitedStatesattorneyforthedistrictinwhichtheactionisbroughtortoanassistantUnitedStatesattorneyorclericalemployeedesignatedbytheUnitedStatesattorneyinawritingfiledwiththeclerkofthecourtorbysendingacopyofthesummonsandofthecomplaintbyregisteredorcertifiedmailaddressedtothecivilprocessclerkattheofficeoftheUnitedStatesattorneyand
(B)byalsosendingacopyofthes
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