二轮总复习作业课时作业第一版块+阅读理解+作业四.docx
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二轮总复习作业课时作业第一版块+阅读理解+作业四.docx
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二轮总复习作业课时作业第一版块+阅读理解+作业四
语篇阅读高分练(四)
第一组
(2019·北京二模)
Don'tputitoff,doitnow!
Whydowespendsomuchtimenotdoingtheworkweshoulddo,orputtingoffsmalljobsthathavepileduptocreateabigproblem?
Procrastinating,asputtingthingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntilit'stoolatetodoanythingelse.
“Weoftenputthingsoffalthoughweknowitwillmakelifemorestressful,”saysDr.Steel,anauthorityonthescienceofmotivation.“Ifthesetaskswerefun,we'djustdothemnow.Weputoffwhatisdifficultorunpleasant,suchasthepaperworkthatneedsdoingbeforeleavingtheofficeorcleaningthebitsofyourhomethatpeoplecan'tsee.Butthefactis,thelesspeopleprocrastinate,themoremoneytheyhave,thebetterrelationshipstheyhave,andthehealthiertheyare.”Thisisobviouswhenyoulookatthecoupleswhodon'targueaboutwhetheranyonehascleanedthekitchen,andthepeoplewhosimplygoforaruninsteadofendlesslyreschedulingitintheirheads.
Ofcourse,therearetherestofus,whofeelthesmalljobspilinguparoundusdaily.“We'veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottosetoursightstoofarinanuncertainworld,”Dr.Steeladds.“Wearenotsetuptoappreciatelong-termrewards,whetherit'sthebenefitofafour-yeardegree,doingexerciseordieting.Weusuallyfeelthecostnowandtherewardcomesmuchlater.”AccordingtoDr.Steel,wehavetwodecision-makingsystems.Theyarethelimbic,whichisresponsiblefortheshortterm,andtheprefrontalcortex,whichdealswiththefuture.Webouncebetweenlong-termgoalsandshort-termtemptations,soweneedgoalsthatwilltranslateourplansforthelimbicsystem.
Let'staketheexampleofstudents'writingessays.Theyshouldsetthemselvestargetsandwordcountsperday.Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewithmeasuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or“pre-commitments”,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe“deadline”makesitmorelikelyataskwillbecompleted.Thebenefitisthatyou'llavoidtheembarrassmentofnotfollowinguponsomethingpeopleareexpectingyoutodo—tellingeveryoneyouaregoingtotakeupjoggingmakesyoumorelikelytodoso.
Overcoming_procrastination_finally_comes_down_to_planning,_which,_if_you're_not_careful,_becomes_procrastination_in_itself.Butitisworthmakingsureyouhaveeverythinginplace.“Successfulpeopledon'tpretendtheydon'tprocrastinate,”Dr.Steelsays.“Peoplewhopretendtheyhavewillpowerarelesssuccessful.”Instead,planforprocrastination:
makeyourworkenvironmentatempleofproductivitybycuttingoutwhatstopsyoupayingyourattention,soyoucanreallyfocusonmovingforward.
1.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutprocrastinationinParagraph1?
A.Itissomethingmanypeoplecan'thelp.
B.Itisanexcusepeopleoftenuseinpublic.
C.Itiscausedbythetechnologyinpeople'slife.
D.Itismorecommonwhenpeoplehavesmalljobstodo.
2.InParagraph3,Dr.Steelbelievesthatpeoplewhoprocrastinateshould________.
A.attempttoovercometheirnaturaltendencies
B.taketheadviceofothersinthesamesituation
C.beawarethattheirproblemisrelativelysmall
D.findoutmoreaboutthewaytheymakedecisions
3.WhydoesDr.Steelrecommendmaking“pre-commitments”inParagraph4?
A.Theyareanalternativetoimpossiblegoals.
B.Theymakechallengesfeelmoremanageable.
C.Theyareaneffectivewayofimpressingothers.
D.Theyallowpeopletoachievetheiraimssooner.
4.Whatdoestheauthordobysayingtheunderlinedsentence?
A.Encouragethereadertodevelopplanseffectively.
B.Advisethereadertodealwithcomplextasksquickly.
C.Warnthereaderagainstspendingtoolonggettingorganized.
D.Remindthereadertotakethetimetofocusproperlyonatask.
答案与解析
【语篇解读】 本文属于议论文,主要介绍拖延症的影响以及处理拖延症需要注意的事项。
1.答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段中的“Procrastinating,asputtingthingsofflikethisiscalled,isinourcharacterwehavenaturallysincebirth;weavoiddullordifficultjobsuntilit'stoolatetodoanythingelse.”可知,拖延症是我们出生就在我们性格里面的东西,我们逃避一些枯燥或者困难的事情直到太晚而什么都做不了,故可知,拖延症是很多人无法摆脱的,因为天生就有,故选A项。
2.答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“We'veevolvedtorespondtothemoment,andnottosetoursightstoofarinanuncertainworld”可知,我们已经进化到对当下做出反应,而不是把我们的目光放在一个不确定的世界里太远,故可知,要克服拖延症,还必须要克服天性,故选A项。
3.答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Thesearethusturnedfromseeminglyendlesstasksintosomethingconcretewithmeasuredprogress.Dr.Steelrecommendssuchtechniques,or‘pre-commitments’,addingthatleavingyouamonthbeforethe‘deadline’makesitmorelikelyataskwillbecompleted.”可知,pre-commitments就是把一些似乎无尽的任务转换成一些可以量化进步的具体事务,在截止日期前给自己一个月的时间让任务完成得可能性更高,故可知,pre-commitments会让自己要做的事情更可控,故选B项。
4.答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
本句意思为,最终解决拖延症落实到了计划,但是如果不小心,计划本身就会成为拖延症的一种表现,故可知,要计划,计划之后要立即落实,故作者说这句话的意义在于警告计划不能太拖延,故选C项。
(2019·天津模拟)
AlbertEinsteinsaid,“Onlyalifelivedforothersisworthliving.”
Howdoesthisjoboffersound?
You'llneedtobeavailableonshortnotice,includinglateatnightandonweekends.Youcouldbeaskedtodoanythingfromhelpingatcommunityeventstorespondingtolife-threateningemergencies(sometimesputtingyourownsafetyatrisk).Thisjobalsoinvolvesalotofregulartraining.Oh,andyouwon'tbepaidforanyofthis.Wouldyoutakethejob?
Thisjobmightnotnecessarilyappealtoeveryone,butifthissoundslikeanopportunityyou'deagerlyaccept,thenyou'dfitrightinwithWesternAustralia's26,000emergencyservicevolunteers.Theemergencyservicesaren'ttheonlyindustrybenefitingfromvolunteers.AcrossbothAustraliaandAmerica,betweenaquarterandhalfofthepopulationvolunteereachyearinareasincludingeducation,sports,health,religion,andsocialservices.
Whatmotivatespeopletovolunteer?
Yes,volunteersdon'tgetpaid.Butitdoesn'tmeanpeopledon'tgetbenefitsfromvolunteering.Indeed,researchshowstherearesignificantmentalhealthbenefitscomingwithvolunteering.Itcanbeameanstomakenewfriends,buildnewskillsortrythingsoutofyourcomfortzone.Itcanalsobeameanstohelplovedones.Acaseissomeoneclosetomewhorecentlylostherhusbandtoadisease.Whenherhusbandwasadmittedtoanursingfacility,shedecidedtovolunteerforthepatientadvocacycommittee.Shefoundgreatsupportandfeltshecouldmakeadifferenceinthelivesofthepatients.Afterherhusband'spassing,shedecidedtocontinuevolunteeringforthecommitteenotonlyasawaytoshowgratitudeforthegreatcareherhusbandreceivedbutalsobecauseshemadefriendsthere.Shefoundawaytoputhercareerskillstouseforthecommongoodandkeepactiveafterretirement.
Therearecountlesswaystovolunteer.Nomatterhowyoudoit,itisdefinitelywortheveryminuteyouputintoit.
1.Ifwearecommittedto“thisjob”describedinPara.2,weare________.
A.alwaysindangeroflosingourlives
B.oncall24hoursaday,7daysaweek
C.busyprovidingfirst-aidtrainingincommunities
D.goingtoworkonweekendsandrestonweekdays
2.Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthethirdparagraph?
A.Noteveryoneisfittobeavolunteer.
B.Manyindustriesintheworldneedvolunteers.
C.ManyemergencyservicesexistinWesternAustralia.
D.ManypeopledevotethemselvestovolunteeringinAustraliaandAmerica.
3.Wecancometotheconclusionthatvolunteering________.
A.isawin-winsituation
B.benefitsboththebodyandthemind
C.spreadsquicklyamongpeople
D.ishardtosticktowithoutrewards
4.Theauthor'sfriendkeptvolunteeringafterherhusband'sdeath________.
A.forherinteresttolearncareerskills
B.tostayhelpfulandrelatedtopeople
C.asameanstogetoverhergreatloss
D.becauseitwasherhusband'slastwill
5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?
A.Toencouragevolunteering.
B.Toadvertiseajobopportunity.
C.Toexpressgratitudetovolunteers.
D.Togiveadviceonvolunteering.
答案与解析
【文章结构】
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。
文章主要讲述做志愿者的好处,鼓励人们做志愿者。
1.答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
根据第二段中“You'llneedtobeavailableonshortnotice,includinglateatnightandonweekends.”(你需要一接到通知就得有空,包括深夜和周末。
)可知,如果我们致力于第2段所述的“这项工作”,我们每周7天、每天24小时随叫随到。
故选B项。
2.答案 D
解析 段落大意题。
根据第三段中“AcrossbothAustraliaandAmerica,betweenaquarterandhalfofthepopulationvolunteereachyearinareasincludingeducation,sports,health,religion,andsocialservices.”(在澳大利亚和美国,每年有四分之一到一半的人口在教育、体育、健康、宗教和社会服务等领域志愿服务。
)可知,在澳大利亚和美国,许多人致力于志愿服务。
故选D项。
3.答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第四段中“Indeed,researchshowstherearesignificantmentalhealthbenefitscomingwithvolunteering.Itcanbeameanstomakenewfriends,buildnewskillsortrythingsoutofyourcomfortzone.Itcanalsobeameanstohelplovedones.(事实上,研究表明志愿服务对心理健康有很大的好处。
它可以是一种结交新朋友、培养新技能或尝试新事物的方式。
它也可以是帮助所爱的人的一种方式。
)”可知,当志愿者既让被帮助的人受益,又让志愿者本人受益,这是一个双赢的局面。
故选A项。
4.答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中“Afterherhusband'spassing,shedecidedtocontinuevolunteeringforthecommitteenotonlyasawaytoshowgratitudeforthegreatcareherhusbandreceivedbutalsobecauseshemadefriendsthere.(在她丈夫去世后,她决定继续担任委员会的志愿者,这不仅是为了表达对她丈夫受到的极大关怀的感激之情,也是因为她在那里结交了朋友。
)”可知,作者的朋友在她丈夫死后继续做志愿服务,以保持乐于助人的精神和与人们的交往。
故选B项。
5.答案 A
解析 目的意图题。
根据最后一段中“Therearecountlesswaystovolunteer.Nomatterhowyoudoit,itisdefinitelywortheveryminuteyouputintoit.(志愿服务有无数种方式。
不管你怎么做,你投入的每一分钟都是值得的。
)”可知,这篇文章的目的是“鼓励人们做志愿者”。
故选A项。
(2019·孝义模拟)Ifyouwanttobeproductive,youmustcompletework.Almosteverythingwedohasmanystagestocompletionandinmanysituations,youdon'tactuallycreatevalueuntilyoufinishthelaststage.Farmerscan'tselltheirgrainuntilitisharvested.Automakerscan'tsellcarsthathavemadei
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