6A文考研英语阅读理解及答案解析.docx
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6A文考研英语阅读理解及答案解析.docx
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6A文考研英语阅读理解及答案解析
法律类
GOINGBACKANDGETTINGITRIGHT
Byalmosteverymeasure,PaulPfingstisanunsentimentalprosecutor.LastweektheSanDiegoCountydistrictattorneysaidhefullyintendstotrysuspectCharlesAndrewWilliams,15,asanadultfortheSantanaHighSchoolshootings.Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornialawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.
SonobodywouldhavewageredthatPfingstwouldalsobethefirstD.A.intheU.S.tolaunchhisveryownInnocenceProject.YetlastJune,PfingsttoldhisattorneystogobackoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelwithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.Inotherwords,hewantedtorevisitpastvictories--thistimeplayingfortheotherteam."Ithinkpeoplemisunderstandbeingconservativeforbeingbiased,"saysPfingst."Iconsidermyselfapragmaticguy,andIhavenointerestinputtinginnocentpeopleinjail."
AroundtheU.S.,flabbergasteddefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclientscheeredhismove.Amongprosecutors,however,therewasanawkwardpause.Afterall,eachDNAtestcostsasmuchas$5,000.Thenthere'stheunspokenrisk:
ifdozensofinnocentsturnup,theD.A.willhaveindictedhisshop.
Butninemonthslater,nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsousted.Onlytherarecasemeritsreview.Pfingst'steamconsidersconvictionsbefore1993,whenthecitystartedroutineDNAtesting.Theydiscardcasesifthedefendanthasbeenreleased.Ofthe560remainingfiles,theyhavere-examined200,lookingforcaseswithbiologicalevidenceanddefendantswhostillclaiminnocence.
Theyhaveidentifiedthreesofar.Themostcompellinginvolvesamanserving12yearsformolestingagirlwhowasplayinginhisapartment.Butotherswerethereatthetime.Policefoundasmalldropofsalivaonthevictim'sshirt--toosmallasampletotestin1991.Todaythatspotcouldfreeaman.Testresultsaredueanyday.InspiredbySanDiego,10othercountiesintheU.S.arestartingDNAaudits.
ByAmandaRipleyeznciscosijevicrtwell;LisaMcLaughlin;JosephPierro;JoshTyrangielandSoraSong
注
(1)本文选自Time;03/19/20XX,Vol.157Issue11,p62,1p,2c,3bw
注
(2)本文习题命题模仿对象20XX年真题text1.
1.HowdidPfingstcarryouthisownInnocenceProject?
[A]Bygettingridofhisbiasagainstthesuspects.
[B]Byrevisitingthepastvictories.
[C]ByusingthenewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.
[D]Byhiscooperationwithhisattorneys.
2.WhichofthefollowingcanbeanadvantageofInnocenceProject?
[A]Tohelpcorrectthewrongjudgments.
[B]Toousttheunqualifiedprosecutors.
[C]Tomaketheprosecutorsinanawkwardsituation.
[D]Tocheerupthedefenseattorneysandtheirjailedclients.
3.Theexpression“flabbergasted”(Line1,Paragraph3)mostprobablymeans_______.
[A]excited
[B]competent
[C]embarrassed
[D]astounded
4.WhywasPfingstanunsentimentalprosecutor?
[A]Heintendedtotryafifteen-yearoldsuspect.
[B]Hehadnointerestinputtingtheinnocentinjail.
[C]HesupportedthecontroversialCalifornialaw.
[D]Hewantedtotrysuspectasyoungasfourteen.
5.Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Pfingst’smovedidn’thaveagreatcoverage.
[B]Pfingst’smovehadboththepositiveandnegativeeffect.
[C]Pfingst’smovedidn’tworkwell.
[D]Pfingst’smovegreatlyencouragedthejailedprisoners.
篇章剖析
本文采用的是记叙文的模式。
第一段指出芬斯特作为一位铁面无私的检查官的一些做法;第二段指出芬斯特实施“清白计划”的打算及做法;第三段指出实施“清白计划”造成的反应以及可能存在的问题;第四段和第五段是实施“清白计划”的结果和影响。
词汇注释
prosecutor[5prRsIkju:
tE(r)]n.检察官,检察员,起诉人,原告
controversial[kRntrE5v:
F(E)l]adj.争论的,争议的
mandate[5mAndeIt]v.批准制订一个训令,如通过法律;发布命令或要求:
wager[5weIdVE(r)]v.下赌注,保证
conviction[kEn5vIkF(E)n]n.定罪,宣告有罪
unravel[Qn5rAv(E)l]v.阐明,解决
flabbergast[5flAbE^B:
st;(?
@)-^Ast]v.使大吃一惊,哑然失色,使目瞪口呆
indict[In5daIt]v.起诉,控告,指控,告发
bust[bQst]v.破产或缺钱
oust[aJst]v.剥夺,取代,驱逐
discard[dI5skB:
d]v.抛开;遗弃;废弃
molest[mE5lest]v.骚乱,困扰,调戏
saliva[sE5laIvE]n.口水,唾液
难句突破
1.Evenbeforethetragedy,PfingsthadstoodbehindthecontroversialCalifornialawthatmandatestreatingmurdersuspectsasyoungas14asadults.
主体句式:
…Pfingsthadstoodbehind…
结构分析:
Evenbeforethetragedy是本句的时间状语;主句是Pfingsthadstoodbehind…;that引导的宾语从句修饰law;在从句中,as…as是一词组,意思是“和…一样”;出现的第三个as是介词,意思是“作为”。
句子译文:
甚至在这场悲剧发生之前芬斯特就支持加利福尼亚州的一项颇有争议的法律。
这项法律规定,以成人身份受审的谋杀嫌疑犯的最低年龄可以降到十四岁。
题目分析
1.答案为C,属事实细节题。
文中对应信息“PfingsttoldhisattorneystogobackoveroldmurderandrapeconvictionsandseeifanyunravelwithnewlydevelopedDNA-testingtools.”是对第二段第一句的补充说明。
2.答案为A,属推理判断题。
从上下文我们可以得知,实施“清白计划”就是使用先进的DNA技术来重新审理过去的案件当中可能存在的冤案错案。
3.答案为D,属猜词题。
从第二段第一句话我们得知芬斯特可能是美国第一个实施非常独特的“清白计划”的人,因此他的做法很可能是令人感到吃惊的,从而可猜出该词的含义。
4.答案为B,属推理判断题。
从第一段和第二段给出的事例我们可以看出,芬斯特不愿放过任何一个犯罪的人,即便他的年龄还不算大;他也不愿使无辜者蒙冤,即便案件已经审理。
5.答案为C,属推理判断题。
正因为“Pfingst’smoveworkswell”,美国才又有“tenothercountiesarestartingDNAaudits”,而且,“nobudgetshavebeenbustedorprosecutorsousted”.
教育类
PLIGHTOFTHEPRESCHOOLERS
Howdotheybeattheodds?
Competitionforadmissiontothecountry'stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethKrentsrealizedithadreachedanewlevel.
Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolinManhattan,whereKrentsisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabouttheagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingtheinformation(theydon'tuseanagecutoff),sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforanuncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachildyet,"hetoldKrents."We'retryingtofigureoutwhentoconceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem."
SchoolobsessionisspreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecountry.Precisecurrentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswithrepresentativesofindependentandreligiousschoolsalltoldthesamestory:
aglutofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehavepeoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,"saidMarilynCollinsoftheSevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."
Public-opinionpollafterpollindicatesthatAmericans'No.1concerniseducation.Nowthatthelongeconomicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposableincome,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwellover$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderarea,geographically,thanweeverhaveinthepast,"saidBetsyHaughoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percentincreaseinapplicationsthisyear.
Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,supplyhasnot."Everyyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfindplaces,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,thereareasignificantnumberofchildrenwhodon'thaveplaces,"saidKrents,whoalsoheadsaprivate-schooladmissionsgroupinNewYork.
Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?
Schoolsknowthereisnofoolproofwaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Manyschoolsgivepreferencetosiblingsoralumnichildren.
Someuselotteries.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:
teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiversemix.Childrenmayenduponawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeofyear,orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.
Theworstthingaparentcandoistopressurepreschoolerstoperform--forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercisesbeforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschoolmaybeallthat'sneeded.Parents,meanwhile,mayneedamoreopenmindaboutrelativelyunknownprivateschools--oraboutmagnetschoolsinthepublicsystem.There'snosignoftheprivate-schoolboomlettingup.Dalton'sspringtours,forearlybirdsinterestedinthe20XX-20XXschoolyear,arefilled.Thewaitlist?
Forgetit.That'sclosed,too.
ByPatWingertNewsweek;05/15/20XX,Vol.135Issue20,p76,2/3p,1c
注
(1):
本文选自Newsweek,05/15/20XX,p76
1.Theauthorusestheexamplestoshow__________.
[A]theconcernofAmericans
[B]thecharmoftheprivateschools
[C]thefiercesituationforpreschoolers
[D]theeconomicsituationofAmericanfamilies
2.WhatisimpliedinParagraph4?
[A]Theharshwayofformingaclass.
[B]Thehighexpectationoftheparents.
[C]Thewiseselectionoftheschool.
[D]Thedifficultyofgettingenrolled.
3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthiseventis__________.
[A]indifferent
[B]apprehensive
[C]supportive
[D]indignant
4.Insteadofgivingtheirchildrengreatpressuretooutperform,theparentsshould______.
[A]avoidthecompetitionandwaitforanotheryear
[B]giveuptheirfirstchoiceandgototheunknownschool
[C]lettheirchildrenbeanddowhattheywanttodo
[D]dealwiththemattermorecasuallyandrethinkthesituation
5.Thetextintendstoexpress_________.
[A]thepopularityoftheprivateschools
[B]parents’worryabouttheirchildren’sschooling
[C]theplightofthepreschoolers
[D]theseverecompetitioningoingtoschool
篇章剖析
本文采用提出问题---分析问题的模式。
文章以实例作为切入点,着重阐述了学龄前儿童所面临的困境。
第一段和第二段指出家长对子女教育问题的关注;第三段指出儿童入学难这一现象及其原因;第四段指出一些学校的招生办法以及有些学生无法入学的原因;第五段指出父母应该怎么做。
词汇注释
wake-upcall(宾馆提供的)唤醒服务,叫早服务
kindergarten[kIndE5^B:
t(E)n]n.幼儿园adj.幼儿园的,初级的,启蒙阶段的
figureoutv.合计为,计算出,解决,断定,领会到
conceive[kEn5si:
v]v.怀孕,考虑,设想
obsession[Eb5seF(E)n]n.迷住,困扰
glut[^lQt]n.供应过剩;充斥
edge[edV]n.刀口,利刃,锋,优势,边缘,优势,尖锐giveanedgeto加剧,使尖锐化;鼓舞,使兴奋;给(刀等)开刃,使锋利
foolproof[5fu:
lpru:
f]adj.十分简单的,十分安全的,极坚固的
sibling[5sIblIN]n.兄弟,姐妹,同胞,同属
alumni[E`lQmnaI]n.pl.男毕业生,男校友
lottery[5lRtErI]n.抽彩给奖法
cognitive[`kC^nItIv]adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
diverse[daI5v:
s]adj.不同的,变化多的
alternative[C:
l5t:
nEtIv]n.二中择一,可供选择的办法,事物adj.选择性的
boom[bu:
m]n.繁荣,隆隆声
letupv.停止,中止,放松
难句突破
1.Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:
teststhatatbestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviewswithparentsandobservationofapplicantsinclassroomsettings.
主体句式:
mostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures…
结构分析:
本句是一个简单句。
冒号之后的成分做measures的同位语;tests,interviews和observation属于并列结构。
句子译文:
但大多数学校还是用主观和客观结合的方法:
进行考试,确定孩子的发育成熟程度和认知潜能;同学生家长面谈,或在教室观察孩子的反应能力。
题目分析
1.答案为C,属事实细节题。
文中头两段举例说明子女教育问题成了美国家庭的头等大事,由此引发学龄前儿童入学难这一社会问题。
2.答案为A,属推理判断题。
第四段阐述了学校选学生的一些倾向和做法。
对于一个几岁的孩子及其家长又是主观考察,又是客观考察,又是抽签,还要考虑班里学生的多样性,等等。
对于孩子来讲,真是有些勉为其难。
3.答案为B,属情感态度题。
全文表达了对学龄前儿童的关注,以及对他们所处环境的忧虑和担心。
4.答案为D,属事实细节题。
原文对应信息“Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakeabreathandlookforalternatives.”
5.答案为C,属中心思想题。
全文的中心都围绕着学龄前儿童所处的困境这一点。
Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearc
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