关于欧洲主要手机支付系统的研究外文翻译.docx
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关于欧洲主要手机支付系统的研究外文翻译.docx
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关于欧洲主要手机支付系统的研究外文翻译
中文3215字
标题:
AstudyofmajorMobilepaymentsystemsfunctionalityinEurope
原文:
Abstract-Mobilepaymentisanexcitingdomain,whichwillrapidlyevolveintheyearstocome.ThekeytoMobilepaymentacceptanceisinthehandsofcustomers.InthispaperfirstsomeofthemajorEuropeanMobilepaymentsystemsareintroducedandonsecurity,cost,convenesandfunctionalityrequirementcriteria,thentheresultsofpastresearchesaboutthecustomerandmerchantadoptionofMobilepaymentsystems(mp)arereviewedandbarriersanddriversfrombothcustomerandmerchantviewarecompared.Hereby,thispapertriestofindshortcomingsinmajormpsystemsandpresentsthemajorbarriersanddriverstowidespreadadoptionofmobilepaymentfrombothcustomerandmerchantpointofview.
、INTRODUCTION
Withtheflourishingofelectroniccommerceandwidespreaduseofmobiledevices,anewtypeofserviceisemergingthatextendse-businessusingwirelesstechnologybyenablinge-commerceservicesonmobiledevices.Mobilepaymentsarepaymentsforgoods,services,andbillswithamobiledevice(suchasamobilephone,smart-phone,orpersonaldigitalassistant(PDA)bytakingadvantageofwirelessandothercommunicationtechnologies.Thekeytomobilepaymentacceptanceisinthehandsofcustomers.Themostimportantproblemtobroadacceptanceandusageofanmobilepayment(MP)procedureistheobtainmentofacriticalmass.Thistendstobeanhen-egg-problem:
Ontheonehandcustomerswillnotusetheprocedureunlessasignificantnumberofmerchantsacceptsit,ontheotherhandmerchantswillnotbewillingtoaccepttheprocedureunlessasignificantnumberofcustomersusesit.
Atpresent,therearemanyexamplesofsuccessfulmobilepaymentapplicationssuchasthemobilecontentmarketwhichhasdevelopedintoabilliondollarbusiness,PayPal.Wideradoptionofmobilepayments,however,hasnotbeenasrapidorwidespreadasexpectedandthereisalonglistofdiscontinuedmobilepaymentservicessuchastheSimpayinitiativeandthePayboxlaunchedinseveralEuropeancountries.Thereissomedebateabouttypesofm-payments.Somepartiesseem-paymentsasanewproduct,whilstothersseem-paymentsasanewservice.TheEuropeanCentralBankcategorizesm-paymentsasm-payments,anewpaymentinitiativethatisaccessibleviamobilephones.Thefunds,definedaselectronicmoney(ore-money),anelectronicstoreofmonetaryvalueonatechnicaldevicethatmaybewidelyusedformakingpaymentstoundertakingsotherthantheissuerwithoutnecessarilyinvolvingbankaccountsinthetransaction,butactingasaprepaidbearerinstrument,"areusedtopayforproductsandservices.
IIIMOBILEPAYMENTSYSTEMSINEUROPE
A.FINEIDinFinland
TheFinnishelectronicidentity(FINEID)cardalongwiththesupportinginfrastructure[1]isasystemmaintainedbythePopulationRegisterCentre(PRC)ofFinland.ThecardisausualmicroprocessorsmartcardacceptedasavalidIDinallEUcountriesandseveralothers.ThecardcontainstwoCitizenCertificates:
theauthenticationcertificateofthecardholderandthesignaturecertificateofthecardholder.Privatekeysofbothcertificatesaregeneratedbythecardandstoredexclusivelyinitsprotectedmemory.
Security:
TheFinnishNationalPKIinfrastructure,whichisusedinFINLANDmobilepaymentsystemforauthenticatingusersandforensuringthenon-repudiationofpayments.SignaturesproducedbytheFINEIDcardarelegallyequivalenttothecardholder'shandwrittensignature.AdditionallythecardcontainsthePRC'SownCertificationAuthority(CA)certificate.Cost:
AmobilesubscriptioncustomercanrequestaFINEIDcompatiblePKI-SIMcardfromtheirmobilenetworkoperatorandregisteritatapolicestation.Authenticationcannotbedonewithouttheparticipationofthemobilenetworkoperator,andnaturally,operatorschargebothcustomersandserviceprovidersforauthentication.Apparently,thisisamajorthresholdforjoiningthesystem
Convenience:
ThecurrentimplementationofFINEIDonSIMcardsisbasedonaplatformdevelopedbySmartTrusttheadvantagesoftheSmartTrustplatformincludeitscompatibilitywithalmostanyGSMmobilephone,andtheavailabilityofallinfrastructureneeded.EachregisteredindividualgetsauniqueFinnishElectronicUserID(FINUID).Thepublickeysofeachusercanbedownloadedviaasearchwiththeappropriatecriteria.Moreover,arevocationlistofinvalidcertificatesisavailablefromtheFINEIDdirectory[1].
FunctionalityRequirements:
FINEIDcertificatesareonlyavailabletoFinnishcitizensandthosepermanentlylivingInFinland.Atthemoment,alegalentitysuchasaMerchantorabankcannotobtainaFINEIDcertificate.
B.DINACardinSerbia
TheNationalcreditcard,DinaCard,isbeingissuedbyalmostallbanksinSerbia.ThatgaveapossibilityforconnectingexistingmobilepaymentsystemtoonepointNationalcenterforpaymentcards(furtherNCPC),insteadofconnectingittoeachbankseparately,whichisontheothersideconnectedtoallthebanksthatareissuersofDinaCard.Thiswillgiveopportunitytomanyuserswhodidn'thaveachancetouseSMStopup,becausetheirbanksdidn'thaveanagreementwithmobileoperator,toregisterandstartusingtheservice.thesystemcoversEc,MCandposscenario.
Security:
AllthefilesthatareexchangedbetweenNCPCandcoreofthesystemareencryptedbyfilesecureprogramandsmartcardreader.Encryptionanddecryptionisdonebyauthorizedpersonnel.PersonaldataaboutregisteredusersarefirstlycheckedbythebankandNCPCandthenimportedautomaticallyintothecoredatabase,inordertominimizethepossibilityoferrorduringmanualimport.WhennewuserisimportedforthefirsttimemPINisgeneratedandsenttohisregisteredmobilephonenumberviaSMS.Inthedatabase,mPINisstoredinencryptedform,andthereisnopossibilitytoviewit.
Cost:
MobilepaymentservicescanbeenabledtoallSubscribersofmobilenetworkoperatorwhoareownersofDinaCardRegistrationprocessstartsinthebankthatissuedDinaCard.Convenience:
Interfacetoapplicationsisunifiedforalltypesofservices.Itisbasedonhttpandhasseveralmethodsthatcanbeusedinordertorealizepayment,SinglemPINisusedforalldefinedservicesandaccounts.MobilepaymentservicesareenabledtotheuserfromthemomentmPINisreceived.
C.MobilePaymentsystemsinGermany
a.PayBox
Themostwell-knownMPprocedureinGermanyisPaybox.Theoperatoroftheprocedurewasatechnologydrivenpaymentstartupwhichfallsinthecategoryofspecializedintermediaries.HavingstartedinMay2000theservicewasthefirstmoverinitsfield.PayboxactednotonlyasapaymentintermediarybutalsoactivelyacquiredmerchantsandofferedthemthetechnicalsolutiontointegratePayboxintheirsystems.Within3yearspaybox500000enrolledmorethancustomersand6,500merchants.PaymentswereauthorizedusingIVR(InteractiveVoiceResponse)TheparticularwayofauthenticatingpaymentsimposedrestrictionsontheuseofPayboxwithintheMCscenario.Forexample,PayboxcouldnotbeusedforWAPservicessincethecustomerduringaWAPsessioncouldnotbecalledtoconducttheauthorization.PayboxwasespeciallytargetedtothestationarymerchantandECscenario.
Security:
TheconfidentialtreatmentofdatawasvouchedforbyPaybox.Fortheconfirmationofpaymentsanumberofoptionsweresupporteddependingonthekindoftransactionandonthepaymentscenario,includingSMSande-mail.
Cost:
Theannualbasicfeewas10€,transactionfeesdidnotexist.Asitcanbeassumedthatanimportantpartofcustomersenrolledwitha50-100%discountonthebasicfee,thehighnumberofcustomersdoesnotallowanyInferenceontheacceptanceofhighbasicfees.Payboxcouldbeusedwithanymobilephone.Thuspreliminarycostswerelowandfacilitatedcustomers'participation.
Convenience:
TheprocedurewaseasytouseandunderstandasthecustomeronlyhadtoknowhisMSISDNandcouldrelyontheIVRsystemtoguidehimthroughthetransactionorauthorizationprocess.Customerexperienceinthehandlingofvoice-basedtransactionsaffordedPayboxthereputationofaneasy-to-useandsubjectivelysatesystem.Fastprocessingoftransactionswaspossible,costswerelowandfacilitatedcustomers'participation[6].
FunctionalityRequirements:
BanktransfersthroughPayboxwerepossible.Picopaymentsweretechnicallypossibleyetnotefficientsincecostsfortheuseddebitprocedureandthesystem'scall-backfunctiontendedtooutweightransactionamount.
b.I-mode
Theinherentpaymentprocedureofi-modeisanMPprocedurethatcanonlybeusedwithinthei-modeMcplatform.TheMPprocedureislimitedtotheMCscenario,e.g.topayfornewsorthepurchaseoftickets.
Security:
Responsibilityforboththeconfidentialtreatmentofdataduringpaymentproceduresandthesafehandlingofcustomers'datalieswithE-Plus.Customershaveconfidenceinthewell-knownMNOEplus.Thus,itsreputationenhancesafeelingofsecurityincustomersandthecriterionofsubjectivesecurityissatisfiedConfirmationofpaymentishandledviaaspecialconfirmationpagedisplayedonthemobiledevice.
Cost:
Thepaymentdoesnotgenerateadditionaltransactionfeesforcustomers.I-modeitselfcanonlybeusedifanE-Pluscustomerbothsubscribestoi-mode(monthlybasicfee,minimum5€)andpurchasesaspeciali-modemobilephone.SubscribersfromcompetingMNOareexcludedfromtheservice.
Convenience:
Thei-modeMPprocedureiseasytouseandunderstand.Payment-relateddataasaruledonothavetobeentered.Thus,theextentofcustomerexperiencenecessaryto
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