葛军高考题从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语.docx
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葛军高考题从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语.docx
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葛军高考题从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语
葛军2012高考题_从高考题谈动名词作主语和宾语
【--高考祝福语】
隆回一中罗玉南
动名词考点讲与练
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,是近几年的高考热点之一,常设考点如下:
1.动名词作主语
例:
1.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
-___hernewbicycle.(1997上海)
A.鶤sshelost鶥.Lost
C.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
解析:
答案C。
Losing在此为动名词,与hernewbicycle构成动名词短语在句中作主语。
该题可以理解为:
LosinghernewbicyclemadeMarysoupset.
1.在下面的句型中,it是形式主语,v-ing形式作真正的主语。
1)鶬t’snouse/good+v-ing.如:
It’snogoodsmoking,you’dbettergiveitup.
It’snousearguingwithhim.
2)It’sawasteoftime/sonice/foolishinteresting/doingsth.
It’sawasteoftimewaitinghere.
在这里等是浪费时间。
It‘ssonicetalkingtoyou.
很高兴和你谈话。
2.v-ing形式作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Learningnewwordsisveryusefultome.
WritingheadlinesinEnglishisnotaneasyjob.
动名词作宾语
1)有些动词后只接动名词作宾语。
这类动词常见的有:
admit,advise,finish,avoid,escape,delay,consider,dislike,mind,suggest,enjoy,miss,practise,imagine,appreciate(感激),risk(冒险)等等。
2.Ourmonitorsuggested_____adiscussionofthissubject.(85’)
A.tohaveB.shouldhave
C.haveD.Having
Key:
D
2)有些动词和动词词组既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语,但意思不同。
这类动词及动词词组常见的有:
stop,forget,remember,try,mean,goon,regret,can’thelp等等。
1)goontodo接着做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事)
2)stoptodo停下来去做;stopdoing停止做
3)remembertodo记住要做;rememberdoing记得曾做过
4)can’thelptodo不能帮助做;
鷆an’thelpdoing情不自禁地做
4)forgettodo忘记要做;forgetdoing忘了曾经做过
5)regrettodo很遗憾/抱歉地去做;regretdoing后悔做了
6)trytodo努力做;trydoing试着做
7)meantodo打算做;meandoing意味着做
3.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
-Well,nowIregret___that.(95’)
A.todoB.tobedoing
C.tohavedone鶧.havingdone
解析:
答案D。
本句意为:
我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。
表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regretdoing/havingdone
3.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
-Well,nowIregret___that.(95’)
A.todoB.tobedoing
C.tohavedone鶧.havingdone
解析:
答案D。
本句意为:
我现在后悔在会上提出了反对意见。
表示对已经发生的事情“后悔”应用regretdoing/havingdone
3)动名词充当介词的宾语,常用在含有某些介词构成的短语动词之后,这类常见的短语动词有:
insiston,thinkof,feellike(cf.wouldliketodosth.),setabout(cf.setouttodosth.),befondof,lookforwardto(cf.lookforwardtodosth.),payattentionto,getusedto,giveup,devote...to,putoff,succeedin,havedifficultyin,getdownto(开始着手做)等等。
例:
Shelooksforwardeveryspringto__theflower-linedgarden.(1995上海)
A.visitB.payingavisit
C.walkinD.walkingin
解析:
答案D。
lookforwardtodoingsth.是固定用法,故排除A、C项。
B项在visit后加to才正确,所以应排除。
Cf.TheletterthatIwaslookingforwardto___atlast.
A.coming鶥.came鶦.comeD.beingcome
Key:
B
4)动名词在need,want,require,beworth后接宾语,常以主动形式来表示被动意义.
cf.beworthyofbeingdone/tobedone
Thisbookisworthyofbeingread/toberead.这本书值得一读。
need/want/requiredoingsth/tobedone(需要做…)
eg.Mybikeneedsrepairing/toberepaired.
5)permit,allow,forbid,require(要求)doingsth./sbtodosth.
跟人作宾语后,必须用不定式作补语。
例如:
Thisroomwon’tallowsmoking.在这间屋里不准吸烟。
Wedonotallowanybodytosmokehere.这里不许吸烟。
例:
-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?
-Oh,excellent.It"sworth___asecondtime.
A.toreadB.toberead
C.reading鶧.beingread
Key:
C
6)有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ing形式作宾语,意义差别不大。
1)在like,love,hate,prefer等动词后,v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作,不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。
如:
Shelikessinging,butshedoesn’tliketosingtoday.
7)在begin,start,continue后跟v-ing形式和不定式作宾语没有区别,但start,begin本身为进行式或后接realize,wonder,understand等心理活动的词时,常用不定式作宾语。
如:
IbegantorealizethatIwaswrong.
3.动名词的时态和语态
动名词有一般式和完成式。
它的一般式所表示的动作或是与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或是在句中谓语动词动作之后发生;而它的完成式所表示的动作则一般发生在句中谓语动词动作之前。
例1:
Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan"thelp____intobuyingsomethingtheydon"treallyneed.(1996上海)鶤.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
解析:
答案C。
根据句意,can"thelp是“抑制不砖薄ⅰ扒椴蛔越”的意思。
其后应接动名词作宾语。
在此句中,people与persuade之间是动宾关系,所以应用动名词的被动式。
例2:
Tonywasveryunhappyfor____totheparty.(2000上海)
A.havingnotbeeninvitedB.nothavinginvited鶦.havingnotinvitedD.nothavingbeeninvited
解析:
答案D。
动名词的否定式作介词的宾语。
由于Tony未被邀请在先,不高兴在后,所以采用了完成式的形式。
4.动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构在句中作宾语时,名词可用普通格代替所有格,代词可用宾格形式代替形容词性物主代词。
eg.
Idon’tlikeyou/your/Tom/Tom’sbeinglate.但是动名词作主语时,只能用your/Tom’sbeinglate形式。
例:
Whatworriedthechildmostwas____tovisithismotherinthehospital.(1998上海)
A.hisnotallowing
B.hisnotbeingallowed
C.hisbeingnotallowed
D.havingnotbeenallowed
解析:
答案B。
动名词复合结构的否定式应把否定词not放在物主代词之后、动名词之前。
child和allow之间为动宾关系,所以就用其被动式。
几个重要的句型:
1.Thereisnouse/gooddoingsth.
2.Thereisno+动名词
Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatter.这事开不得玩笑。
三.用todo而不用v-ing作定语的情形
一)所修饰的词为desire,effort,failure,promise等
Shemadeapromisetocomeandhelpus.
二)所修饰的名词前有thefirst/last/next,theonly和thebest,themost等序数词或形容词最高级修饰语.
Whowasthelastonetoleavetheroomlastnight﹖
Sheisalwaysthefirsttogettowork.
三)所修饰的名词与定语间有动宾关系
Ihavesomeclothestowashtonight.
Shegavehimapieceofpapertowriteon.
四)所修饰的名词与定语有主谓关系
Ineedsomeonetotypethelettersforme.
Youmustfindapersontolookafteryourhouseforyouwhileyouareaway.
五)所修饰的名词与定语有同位关系
Atthattimewomenhadnorighttovote.
Theygottheordertoleavethecityyesterday.
六)定语表示的是尚未发生的将来动作
Thebuildingtobebuiltisalaboratory.
SomegoodstobecarriedtoShanghai,heintendstohireatruck.
七)在一些固定句型中,习惯上使用不定式。
例如:
It’syourturntospeaknow.
It’stimetogotoschool.
选择最佳选项:
1.____isagoodformofexerciseforyoungandold.
A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk
2.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
-Well,nowIregret____that.
A.todoB.tobedoingC.havedoneD.havingdone
3.Idon’tregret_____evenifitmighthaveupsether.
A.totellherwhatIthought鶥.tohavetoldherthatIthought
C.tellingwhatIthought鶧.tellingherwhatIthought
4.Thelibraryneeds__,butitwillhavetowaituntilSunday.
A.cleaningB.tocleanC.cleanD.beingcleaned
5.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed
6.-Imustapologizefor_____aheadoftime.
-That’sallright.
A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknow
C.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow
7.-Whatdoyouthinkofthenovel﹖-Oh,it’sreally_____.
A.wellworthreading鶥.verygoodtoread
C.worthyreadingD.worthtoberead
8.What’stroublingthemis_____enoughexperiencedworkers.
A.thattheyhavingnoB.theynothave
C.theirnothaving鶧.nottheirhaving
9.Shelikes____butshedoesn’tlike____thisafternoon.She’dlike_____someotherday.
A.swimming;swimming;toswimB.toswim;swimming;toswim
C.swim;toswim;swimmingD.swimming;toswim;toswim
10.Shedidn’tremember____himbefore.
A.havingmet鶥.havemet鶦.tomeetD.tohavingmet
11.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.
A.youtocall鶥.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling
12.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden﹖
A.totakeB.take鶦.takingD.tobetaking
13.-Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.
-Don’tyouremember_methestoryyesterday﹖
A.told鶥.telling鶦.totell鶧.tohavetold
14.Thepupilaskedtheteacherhowmuchtimehespent____violineveryday.
A.topractisetoplaythe鶥.practisingplayingthe
C.topractisetoplay鶧.practising鷗oplay
15.It’snouse_____forwardto____fromhersoon.
A.tolook;tohearB.looking;hearing鶦.looking;hear鶧.look;hear
16.Missingthebusmeans____home.
A.towalk鶥.walking鶦.walked鶧.walk
17.Shewasluckyenough_____bythecar.
A.missingbeinghitB.tomisshitting
C.missingtobehitD.tomissbeinghit
18.Mycarhasbroken.Imust_____.
A.getdowntorepairitB.haveitrepair
C.getdowntorepairingit鶧.haveittoberepaired
19.Haveyougotusedto__inthisfactory﹖
A.workB.workingC.worked鶧.havingworked
20.Wewereluckythatwejustescaped_____therain.
A.beingcaughtinB.tobecaughtin鶦.catching鶧.tocatch煩
21.Ittooktheworkmenonlytwohourstofinish________mycar.
A.repairingB.repairC.torepairD.repaired
22.It"snogood________oversplitmilk.
A.tocry鶥.crying鶦.criedD.cry
23.Haveyouforgotten___________$1000fromme鷏ast鷐onth?
Willyoupleaseremember_________ittomorrow?
A.borrowing;tobring鶥.toborrow;bringC.borrowed;bringingD.borrowing;bringing
24.Theclassroomwants__________.
A.cleanB.cleanedC.tocleanD.cleaning
25.Jacksaidthathewouldn"tmind___________forus.
A.towaitB.wait鶦.waitingD.waited
26.Mybrotherkeeps_________mewithmywork.
A.tohelpB.help鶦.helping鶧.helped
27.Weshouldoftenpractise_________Englishwitheachother.
A.tospeakB.spokeC.speakD.speaking
28.Keepon_________andyouwillsucceed.A.atryB.try鶦.triing鶧.trying
29.Hisparentsinsiston_______tocollege.A.heshouldgo鶥.hego鶦.hisgoing鶧.himtogo
30.Thestorywassofunnythatwe___________.
A.couldn"thelplaugh鶥.can"tbutlaugh鶦.couldn"thelplaughing鶧.couldn"thelpbuttolaugh31.Howmuchtimedidyouspend__________thetext?
A.copying鶥.tocopyC.incopy鶧.oncopying
32.I________seeyouwithout________yourmother.
A.never;thinkingof鶥.never;;thinkingabout鶦.not;thinkofD.don"t;thinkabout
33.Thoughitsoundsabittoodear(昂贵),itisworth_________.
A.beingbought鶥.buying鶦.tobuy鶧.buyingit
34.Thenoveliswell_________.
A.worthtoreadB.worthbeingreadC.worthytoreadD.worthy鷒fbeingread
35.Thefarmerswerebusy__________cotton.
A.topick鶥.picking鶦.withpicking鶧.pluck
36.Hedevotedhislifeto__________theatomictheory.
A.study鶥.bestudiedC.studying鶧.havestudied
37.Wearebothlookingforwardto__________nextweek.
A.goingonvocation(休假)B.goonvocation鶦.begoingonvocationD.havegoneonvocation38.Youmustpayattentionto_________theworksofLuXun.
A.readB.readingC.readerD.beread
39.Hewaspraisedfor_________thirtyyearsoftouching.
A.complete鶥.hecompletedC.havingcompleted鶧.tohavebeencompleted
40.Youshouldworktonightinsteadof__________TV.
A.towatch鶥.youwatching鶦.youwatch鶧.watching
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