阅读理解段落主旨.docx
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阅读理解段落主旨.docx
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阅读理解段落主旨
阅读理解精读与泛读二
小主旨题
命题分析
小主旨即段落主旨,要求根据段落的意义做题。
这种题目的考察方式往往有两种,一种是直接问文章某段话的主要意义;另一种问文章中的某句话或某个例子用于证明什么。
常见的提问方式
1)Whatistheparagraph5mainlyabout____.
2)Wecanlearnfromtheparagraph2that____.〔注意:
这种题目也可以是细节题〕
3)Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat ____.
4)BymentionXXX,theauthormainlyintendstotellusthat____.
5)TheauthormentionXXXtoshowthat____.
6)Themainideaoftheparagraph5isthat____.
解题思路
Step1:
粗读文章明大意,理解文章主旨。
Step2:
定位回相应段落,找出段落主旨。
段落主旨位置分布情况:
1.段落首句。
2.首句后出现转折,段落次句。
3.段落末句。
4.上一段末句。
5.下一段首句〔往往段落为开头段落〕。
经典例题一
2021山东D
Howfitareyourteeth?
Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?
Neverfear:
Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.
TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.
Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(don’tforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!
)andmakesureyou’rebrushinglongenough.“It’skindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,〞saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.
Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,〞Severalsays.
Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes,〞butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.
ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,for$99to$199,developingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.
Servalsaysthatoneday,it’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.
59.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?
A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.
B.WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary.
C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.
D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush
1.分析文章构造,总-分。
第一段:
一种新的电子牙刷功能高大上。
第二段:
Kolibree的出现。
第三段:
电子牙刷功能一。
第四段:
电子牙刷功能二。
第五段:
电子牙刷创造灵感来源。
第七段:
电子牙刷开展方向:
更加高大上。
本文也是总分构造,中心主旨为:
Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.即本文首段末句。
2.长难句分析:
Servalsaysthatoneday,it’llbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.
3.选项分析:
B、C两个选项中的necessary和taught第三段没有出现,典型的无中生有,迅速火速排除。
A选项为文中详细的细节,是栗子不是主旨。
D选项与段落主旨句同义交换,完美。
经典例题二
Weallknowhowimportanthumanlifeis—it’spriceless.Itdoesn’tmatterwhereyouarefromorwhatthecolorofyourskinsis—allpeoplearehumanbeings.Firstly,wecantellyouthatthelivesofyourrelativescoulddependonyourabilitytogivefirstaid.Ifyouthinkhighlyofhuman’slife,thiswebsiteisforyou!
Hereyoucanfindinformationaboutfirstaid.
Theveryfirstthingthatyoushoulddowhenyouseeanaccidentistoevaluatethesituationandpreventfurtherdangerousincidents.Firstofall,youhavetorecognizewhathashappenedandwhatthedangerstorescuersandvictimsare.Thinkabouthowtotakecareofthevictims.
Helpingusuallytakesplaceinverydifficultconditionsandinjuriescanbeverybad.Therefore,youcannotbetooafraidofmakingmistakestohelp.Sometimesyouhavetofacethefactthatregardlessofyouractionsandyoureffortsthevictim’sconditionmightnotimprove—heorshecouldevendie.Insomecasesevenprofessionalmedicalaidmaynotsucceed.Ifyouhavedoneeverythingyouthinkyoushoulddo,youshouldn’tfeelguilty.
Donotexposeyourselftodanger.Givingfirstaidcanbedangerous.Whiletryingtohelpavictim,donotforgetaboutyourownsafety.Ifsomethinghappenstoyou,youwon’tbeabletohelpanyone.
Callforhelpafteryoufindouttheconditionofavictim.Butrememberifavictimfaintsduetobreathingfailurecausedbydrowning,chokingorpoisoning,youshouldfirsttakeactionsthathelptobringbacktheheartbeatandbreathing.Whilecalling,talkshortlybutclearly.Alwaysprovidethefollowinginformation:
thelocationoftheaccident,thekindofaccident,thenumberoftheinjuredandyourfullnameandphonenumberandsoon.
53.What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?
A.Youshouldlearnsomeprofessionalknowledgeaboutfirstaid.
B.Youshouldn’tfeelguiltyifyoudon’tknowaboutfirstaid.
C.Tryyourbesttogivefirstaidanddon’tbeafraidofmakingmistakes
D.Don’tmakemistakeswhenyouaregivingfirstaid.
1.分析文章构造,总-分。
第一段:
引出话题,急救。
第二段:
急救的措施一:
防止危险恶化。
第三段:
急救的措施二:
适当提供帮助。
第四段:
急救的措施三:
保护好自己。
第五段:
急救的措施四:
发现情况,及时求助。
本文总分构造,中心主旨为:
informationaboutfirstaid
2.长难句分析:
Sometimesyouhavetofacethefactthatregardlessofyouractionsandyoureffortsthevictim’sconditionmightnotimprove—heorshecouldevendie.
3.选项分析:
第三段的段落主旨并非第三段首句。
Therefore表因此,作为总结性词语,因此后面强调的是重点。
所以段落主旨其实是次句。
此题类似于转折词出现后,主旨句为后一句的情况。
Therefore,youcannotbetooafraidofmakingmistakestohelp.此句意思为,不要因为害怕犯错而提供帮助,与C选项同义交换。
D选项与正确选项出处一样,但是成心曲解原意,方向与原文完全相反。
A、B选项均在本段,但是位置不同,是细节不是主旨,且方向相反,错误。
经典例题三
Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace,socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears.Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway,saidCynthiaBreazeal,chiefscientistattherobotcompanyJibo.
Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeoneishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.
TheJiborobot,arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear,isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant.Youcantalktotherobot,askitquestions,andmakerequestsforittoperformdifferenttasks.Therobotdoesn’tjustdelivergeneralanswerstoquestions;itrespondsbasedonwhatitlearnsabouteachindividualinthehousehold.Itcandothingssuchasremindinganelderlyfamilymembertotakemedicineortakingfamilyphotos.
Socialrobotsarenotjustfindingtheirwayintothehome.Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintosomeofthesespaces.FellowRobotsisonecompanybringingsocialrobotstothemarket.Thecompany’s“Oshbot〞robotisbuilttoassistcustomersinastore,whichcanhelpthecustomersfinditemsandhelpguidethemtotheproduct’slocationinthestore.Itcanalsospeakdifferentlanguagesandmakerecommendationsfordifferentitemsbasedonwhatthecustomerisshoppingfor.
Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.“Wehavetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,〞saidBreazeal.
44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill______.
A.trainemployees
B.beourworkmates
C.improvetechnologies
D.taketheplaceofworkers
1.分析文章构造,总-分-总。
第一段:
社交机器人更加人性化。
第二段:
社交机器人与家用机器人的不同。
第三段:
Jibo机器人的功能:
个人助手。
第四段:
社交机器人的应用。
第五段:
总结:
社交机器人开展趋势--与人类共同工作。
本文总分构造,中心主旨为:
Socialrobotsareabouttobringtechnologytotheeverydayworldinamorehumanizedway。
2.长难句分析:
ButOshbot,likeothersocialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees.
3.选项分析:
最后一段只有三句话,要确定到底哪一句是段落主旨,就看中间那句话是靠哪边站的。
明显,第二句与第三句表达的意思是一致的,因此可以确定段落主旨应该是第三句。
这句话考察的点是but表转折,转折后面是重点,强调withus=ourworkmates。
选B。
A、C两个选项与答案出处一样,但位置在转折的前面,哪怕此处读不懂,都应该判断是错误的。
D选项答案范围不在主旨句,且方向错误。
经典例题四
Withthepossibleexceptionofequalrights,perhapsthemostheatedargumentacrosstheUnitedStatestodayisthedeathpenalty(死刑).Manyarguethatitisaneffectivedeterrent(威慑)tomurder,whileothersthinkthereisnoenoughproofthatthedeathpenaltyreducesthenumberofmurders.
Theargumentadvancedbythoseopposedtothedeathpenaltyisthatitiscruelandinhumanpunishment,thatitisthemarkofabadsocietyandfinallythatitisofquestionableeffectivenessasadeterrenttocrimeanyway.
Inouropinion,thedeathpenaltyisanecessaryaction.Throughoutrecordedhistorytherehavealwaysbeenthosepeculiarpersonsineverysocietywhomadeterriblecrimessuchasmurder.Butsomearemoredangerousthanothers.Forexample,itisonethingtotakethelifeofanotherintimeofblindanger,butquiteanothertocoldlyplanandcarryoutthemurderofoneormorepeopleinthestyleofabutcher.Thus,murder,likeallothercrimes,isamatterofdifferentdegree.Whileitcouldbearguedwithsomereasonthatthecriminalinthefirstinstanceshouldbemerelykeptfromsociety,suchshouldnotbethefateofthelattertypemurderer.
Thevalueofthedeathpenaltyasadeterrenttocrimemaybeopentodiscussion.Butthemajorityofpeoplebelievethatthedeathpenaltyprotectsthem.Theirbeliefisprovedbythefactthatthedeathpenaltypreventsmurder.Forexample,from1954to1963,whenthedeathpenaltywascarriedoutfromtimetotimeinCalifornia,themurderrateremainedbetweenthreeandfourmurdersforeach100,000population.Since1964thedeathpenaltyhasbeendoneonlyonce,andthemurderratehasrisento10.4murdersforeach100,000population.Thesharpclimbinthestate'smurderrate,whichbeganwhenkillingsstopped,doesnothappenbychance.Itcertainlyshowsthatt
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