英语论文夜莺颂.docx
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英语论文夜莺颂.docx
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英语论文夜莺颂
OdetoaNightingale:
poemandcomments
OdetoaNightingale
MYheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspains
Mysense,asthoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,
Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothedrains
Oneminutepast,andLethe-wardshadsunk:
'Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot, 5
Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,
Thatthou,light-wingèdDryadofthetrees,
Insomemelodiousplot
Ofbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,
Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease. 10
Oforadraughtofvintage!
thathathbeen
Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvèdearth,
TastingofFloraandthecountry-green,
Dance,andProvençalsong,andsunburntmirth!
OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth!
15
Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene,
Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,
Andpurple-stainèdmouth;
ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,
Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:
20
Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget
Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,
Theweariness,thefever,andthefret
Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;
Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgreyhairs, 25
Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies;
Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow
Andleaden-eyeddespairs;
Wherebeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,
OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow. 30
Away!
away!
forIwillflytothee,
NotchariotedbyBacchusandhispards,
ButontheviewlesswingsofPoesy,
Thoughthedullbrainperplexesandretards:
Alreadywiththee!
tenderisthenight, 35
AndhaplytheQueen-Moonisonherthrone,
Cluster'daroundbyallherstarryFays
Butherethereisnolight,
Savewhatfromheaveniswiththebreezesblown
Throughverdurousgloomsandwindingmossyways. 40
Icannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet,
Norwhatsoftincensehangsupontheboughs,
But,inembalmèddarkness,guesseachsweet
Wherewiththeseasonablemonthendows
Thegrass,thethicket,andthefruit-treewild; 45
Whitehawthorn,andthepastoraleglantine;
Fast-fadingvioletscover'dupinleaves;
Andmid-May'seldestchild,
Thecomingmusk-rose,fullofdewywine,
Themurmuroushauntoffliesonsummereves. 50
DarklingIlisten;and,formanyatime
IhavebeenhalfinlovewitheasefulDeath,
Call'dhimsoftnamesinmanyamusèdrhyme,
Totakeintotheairmyquietbreath;
Nowmorethaneverseemsitrichtodie, 55
Toceaseuponthemidnightwithnopain,
Whilethouartpouringforththysoulabroad
Insuchanecstasy!
Stillwouldstthousing,andIhaveearsinvain—
Tothyhighrequiembecomeasod. 60
Thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortalBird!
Nohungrygenerationstreadtheedown;
ThevoiceIhearthispassingnightwasheard
Inancientdaysbyemperorandclown:
Perhapstheself-samesongthatfoundapath 65
ThroughthesadheartofRuth,when,sickforhome,
Shestoodintearsamidthealiencorn;
Thesamethatofttimeshath
Charm'dmagiccasements,openingonthefoam
Ofperilousseas,infaerylandsforlorn. 70
Forlorn!
theverywordislikeabell
Totollmebackfromtheetomysoleself!
Adieu!
thefancycannotcheatsowell
Assheisfamedtodo,deceivingelf.
Adieu!
adieu!
thyplaintiveanthemfades 75
Pastthenearmeadows,overthestillstream,
Upthehill-side;andnow'tisburieddeep
Inthenextvalley-glades:
Wasitavision,orawakingdream?
Fledisthatmusic:
—doIwakeorsleep?
80
TheTimelessnessofaPublication:
JohnKeats’OdetoaNightingale
Createdbyjperez
Asapoem,distinguishedbyabeautythatcontrasts"realmelancholy"with"imaginaryrelief"(Wullschlager,4,quotingLeighHunt),OdetoaNightingalewaswrittenatatimeinhislifewhenKeatsfoundhimselfcaughtatthejunctionbetweentwoworlds.Publishedinthespringof1819(May,1819),Keats'poemiswrittensoonafterapreviousDecemberthatmarkedboththedeathofhisbrotherThomasKeatsandanengagementtoFannyBrowne.Strugglingbetween"imaginativeescape"and"humanlimitation"(Sperry,264),OdetoaNightingalepitstensionsechoedinKeats'personallife.Thesearetensionsthatreflectauniversaldichotomyofhumanexperienceinmortalityandthesublime.Similarly,Keats'loveforFannyBrowneisinterruptedbythedeathofhismuchbelovedbrother,atragedythatinevitablyinfluenceshislaterOdes.Inconclusion,forallitsstrugglesasapoem,OdetoaNightingaleexperiencedarelativelyeasyandsmoothpublicationhistory,releasedonlyonemonth(July1819)afteritsoriginaltranscription.Initseffortlesspublication,thepoemmaytrulybethefullexpressionofhumanexperience(Wullshlager,4)thatitprofessestobe.
Inajournal-letterwrittentohisbrotherandsisterinAmericadated1818-1819,Keatswrites,"ThelastdaysofpoorTomwereofthemostdistressingnature;buthislastmomentwerenotsopainful,andhisverylastwaswithoutapang",hecontinueslaterontosay,"Ihaveafirmbeliefinimmortality,andsohadTom."(Milnes,164-65)Obviouslydistraughtandheart-brokenbythepassingofhisbrother,KeatsironicallylaterwritesinhisOdetoaNightingale,"ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,/Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:
"or"IhavebeenhalfinlovewitheasefulDeath,/Call'dhimsoftnamesinmanyamusedrhyme,/Totakeintotheairmyquietbreath;/Nowmorethaneverseemsitrichtodie,/Toceaseuponthemidnightwithnopain.”(Keats,line55).
Afterhisbrother'sdeathinearlyDecember,Keatsseemedatalossforwords,unabletowritenorcompleteanyofhispieces.UndertheurgingsofhisfriendandcompanionCharlesBrown,Keatsdecidedtoreturnhomeandrenewhisdowntroddenspiritsamongfamiliarfaces.Itworked,asKeatsbeganhisepicpoemHyperionthathelaterdescribedasaVisionofthedivine,althougheventuallypublishedonlyinfragments(Milnes,163).FollowingHyperion,Keatsstruggledtowritedownaseriesofshorterworks,whichwereultimatelyonlydestinedforthetruth.AsRichardMilnesdescribes,"itseemedasif,whenhisimaginationwasoncerelieved,bywritingdownitseffusions,hecaredsolittleaboutthemthatitrequiredafriendathandtopreventthemfrombeingutterlylost."(Milnes,163)ThatfriendturnedouttobeCharlesBrown.Duringhisperiodofgreatestproductivity,approachingtheearlyspringof1819,KeatsbeganwhatlaterwouldbecoinedhisfourGreatOdes,arguablythe“greatestshortpoemsinRomanticLiterature”(Hilton,102).Browndescribesoneoftheseodes,OdetoaNightingaleinthefollowingcommentaryonitsorigination:
“Inthespringof1819anightingalehadbuilthernestnearmyhouse.Keatsfeltatranquilandcontinualjoyinhersong;andonemorninghetookhischairfromthebreakfast-tabletothegrass-plotunderaplum-tree,wherehesatfortwoorthreehours.Whenhecameintothehouse,Iperceivedhehadsomescrapsofpaperinhishand,andthesehewasquietlythrustingbehindthebooks.Oninquiry,Ifoundthosescraps,fourorfiveinnumber,containedhispoeticfeelingonthesongofthenightingale.”
ThecommentaryrevealsKeatstrueskillsasapoetandtheextremelevelofrevelationtheexperiencehadheldforhim.Writteninonlytwoorthreehours,withlaterlittletonorevisions,exceptforasmallhandfulpushedbyhiseditorJamesElmes,thepoemtrulylivesuptoitsownqualitiesasapartialunconsciousmeditationbroughtforthbytheimaginationorwhatColeridgecalls‘primaryImagination’(Dickstein,204).Forwhilethepoemundoubtedlyrecognizesthetragicshortcomingsandlimitationsofhumanity,“Wherebeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,/OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow”(29-30),italsoyearnsforavisionofself-transcendencewhere“Away!
Away!
ForIwillflytothee,/NotchariotedbyBacchusandhispards,/butontheviewlesswingsofPoesy,/Thoughthedullbrainperplexesandretards:
”(31-5).Inthissense,perhaps,Keatsdoesinfactexperienceatleastapartialvision“pouringforthsoulabroad/Insuchanecstasy!
”,throughthespeedinessoftranscription.Similarly,hissolitudeandindependenceawayfromCharlesandtheothersseemstosupporttheRomanticidealoftheindividualandhis/herpersonalcommunewithnature.Hereitisreportedthatsuchaneventmayhaveexisted.
Ontheotherhand,inhisfrustration“thrusting(hispapers)behindthebooks”,Keatsexpressessentimentsechoedinthepoem,relatingtheimpossibilityofsuchatranscendenceandfullimmersionintothebird’ssong.Itcanbesaidthathoweverhardhumanitytries,mortalityinherentlyinhibitsourcapacityforpleasure;evenasapoetappreciatingabird’ssongtheseuniversaldichotomiesarestillapparent:
“Stillthouwouldstsing,andIhaveearsinvain-/Tothyhighrequiembecomeasod.”(59-60)Thepoemcontinues,asKeats’generalfrustrationgrows,amountingtoanestrangedsenseofjealousy,“Thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortalBird!
/Nohungrygenerationstreadtheedown”(61-2).
Initscomposition,OdetoaNightingaleexperiencesanevolutionofthoughtthathintsatKeats’ownevolvingideasonlife.HisrecentengagementtoFannymarkedbythedeathofhisbrother,bothfindtheirdirectembodimentinthenightingale’ssong.I
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