八年级上册英语课堂笔记.docx
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八年级上册英语课堂笔记.docx
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八年级上册英语课堂笔记
八年级上册课堂笔记(1-6单元)
Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation
1,一般过去时
基本结构:
主语+动词过去式+其他;否定形式:
①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原动词;一般疑问句:
①Was/Were+主语+其他②Did+主语+动词原形+其他
2,动词过去式规则变化:
直接加ed;以不发音e结尾的单词,直接加d;以辅音字
母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed;以元音字母+y结尾的,直接加ed;以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式(见书本最后一页)
3,goonvacation去度假beonvacation在度假
4,anyone任何人,只用于指人,一般用在否定句、疑问句中,后面不接of短语。
做主语
时位于动词用单数。
Eg:
Isthereanyoneathome
anyone任何一个,指人或物,后面接of短语。
Eg:
Youcantakeanyoneofthesebooks.5,adj修饰不定代词后置anythingspecialsomethingimportant
enough作adv,修饰adj/adv后置oldenoughfastenough
else作adj,修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置whatelsewhoelsesomethingelse6,quiteafew/little相当多
7,How/whatabout+V-ing/n/代词⋯怎么样(表建议、询问)
8,moststudents=mostofthestudents
“oneof+themost+adj+n复数”表示“最⋯之一”Eg:
HeisoneofthemostfamouswritersinChina.
Amost+adj+n非常Eg:
Hangzhouisamostbeautifulcity.
9,buy/getsbsth=buy/getsthforsb
10,whatdoyouthinkof/about⋯=howdoyoulike⋯你认为⋯怎么样
11,havefun,enjoyoneself,haveagood/great/wonderfultime+V-ing,
12,主语+seem+(tobe)+表语(n/adj)eg:
Tomseemstobeasmartboy/happy.
Itseemsthat从句eg:
Itseemsthatheunderstand.主语+seemtodostheg:
Heseemstounderstand.
13,adj以-ing结尾“令人⋯的”exciting,interesting,relaxing,boring
以-ed结尾“人感到⋯的”excited,interested,relaxed,bored
14,询问价格:
Howmuchis⋯What'sthepriceof⋯
表示价格高低:
⋯beexpensive/cheap
Thepriceof⋯ishigh/low
15,getto,arrivein/at,reach,到达(如果后面接地点的副词home,here或there,
就不用介词in,at,to)
16,decide(not)todo
decidethat从句
decide+疑问词+不定式
17,try(not)todosth尽力
trydoingsth尝试
try/doone'sbesttodosth
tryiton试穿(动副结构)tryout试验haveatry试一试
18,feellike感觉像feellikedoingsth/wanttodosth/wouldliketodosth
19,alotof=lotsof=plentyof
20,inthepast在过去
21,
22,
23,
24,
25,
enjoy/likedoing感叹句:
How+adj+主谓!
How+adj+a/an+n
What+a/an+adj+n
What+adj+nmorethan=over超过waitfor
单+主谓!
单+主谓!
复/不可数+主谓!
lessthan
少于moreorless或多或少
toomanytoomuch
等待
“太多”修饰可数名词复数“太多”修饰不可数名词“实在太”修饰形容词或副词
muchtoobecause+从句becauseof+n/V-ing/enough作adj修饰n,enoughtime
haveenough⋯todostheg:
Ihaveenoughtimetofinish
enough作adv修饰adj/advoldenoughfastenough
26,
27,
代词
enoughmoney
⋯enoughforsbtodostheg:
Thejobiseasyenoughfornot⋯enoughtodoThebookisn'teasyenoughformetoread.
too⋯to⋯Thebookistoodifficultformetoread.
so⋯that⋯ThebookissodifficultthatIcan'tread.
28,thenextday第二天
29,remember/forget+todo要做
+doing做过
30,Stopsbfromdoingsth阻止
Stoptodo停下来去做其他事
Stopdoing停止正在做的事
31,anothertwohours=twomorehours
32,atthetopof在⋯顶端,名列⋯之前强调点
onthetopof在⋯上面强调面
33,findout查明,弄清find找到(结果)lookfor寻找(过程)
34,goonwith/doingsth继续原来的事
goontodosth继续做别的事
35,so+adj+that+结果状语从句“如此⋯⋯以致⋯⋯”
eg:
IwassobusythatIdidn'tgotosleepfor3days.
sothat引导目的状语从句,以便,为了(inorderto)eg:
theygotupearlysothattheycouldcatchtheearlybus.
so+adj+(a/an+n单数)thatItissoimportantameetingthatIcanit.
such+a/an+adj+n单数+thatItissuchanimportantmeetingthatIcan
thework.
metodo.
tmiss
't
missit.
such+adj+n复数/不可数+that
Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise
1,How如何(方式)
howlong多长(时间)答语常用“(For/about+)时间段”
howfar多远(距离)答语常用“(It's+)数词+miles/meters/kilometers”
howoften多久一次(频率)答语常用“Always/often/everyday/⋯”或“次数+时
”等表频率的状语
Howsoon多快,多久以后,常用在将来时中。
答语常用“in+时间段”howmany多少(接可数名词)howmuch(接不可数名词)锻炼,运动操,练习domorning/eyeexercises锻炼takemuch/moreexerciseclockatnoon/atnight(during/intheday
2,
exercise作v作[c]作[uc]at+钟点at7o
3,
timeattheageofon+具体某天、onApril1stin+上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪in1999inAugustinautumnin1960sinthe21helpsb(to)dosthhelpsbwithsthwithsb'shelp=withthehelpofsbdo(the)housework=dochores频度副词(行前be后)
Alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomhardlyneversometimes有时(频度副词)sometime(将来)有朝一日,(曾经)某天
Sometimes几次,几倍sometime一段时间(前面用介词for)
goshopping=dosomeshoppingoncetwicethreetimes
4,
5,
6,
7,
8,
9,
10,atonce,马上
oncemore
11,
12,
13,
14,
15,
)atthis/that
星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日
onSundayonacoldwintermorningin
onTeachers
themorning/afternoon/stcentury
Day
evening
rightnow,rightaway,inaminute,inamoment,innotime
再一次,重新onceuponatime从前,曾经
每天everyday日常的,每天的
everydayontheinternetwhat'syourfavoriteprogram=whatprogramdoyoulikebestfree空闲的inone'sfreetimebefree
自由的asfreeasafishfreedomn.免费的Thebestthingsinlifearefree.
befull=bebusy忙的bebusydoingsth/bebusywithsth
befullof充满eg:
Thebottleisfullofmilk.
Howcome怎么会为什么
maybe为情态动词+动词原形,在句子中做谓语,maybe是副词,表示可能,大概,
自由
忙的
立刻,
16,
17,般放在句首(perhaps)。
18,stayupdoingsth熬夜做某事
19,stay/keephealthybeingood/bad/poorhealthbegood/badforone's
health
20,atleast=nolessthanatmost=nomorethan
21,asksbaboutsthasksb(not)todosthasksbforhelp/advice/
information
22,theresultof⋯的结果asaresult结果
23,besurprisedthat/besurprisedat/besurprisedtodo对⋯很惊讶
Toone'ssurprise另某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地
24,
theanswertothequestion,akeytothedoor
,atickettotheballgame
25,
although=though
(与but不能连用)
Eventhough/if
即使,尽管asthough/if
仿佛,好像
26,
by介词+n/v-ing/
代词通过⋯方式
byoneself独自地bytheway顺便问/说一下
bychance/accident
偶然地
bymistake错误地learnbyheart记住
27,thebestway/timetodo做某事最好的方式/时间
28,4个花费:
人+spend/spends/spent+时间/钱+(in)doingsth/onsthspendtimewithsb
人+pay/pays/paid+钱+forsth
Ittakes/tooksb+时间+todosth
物+cost/costs/cost+sb+钱
29,diev.死亡,消失died过去式
deadadj死亡的,无生命的deaddoghave/hasbeendeadfor⋯=died⋯ago
dyingadj垂死的,快死的
deathn死亡thedeathof⋯
30,beforeit'stoolate趁来得及
31,“数字+percentof+n”作主语,谓语动词取决于n
Eg:
Twentypercentofthestudentsexerciseeveryday.
Twentypercentoftimepasses.
32,noone=nobody指人,回答who,anyone,anybody的提问
None指人或物,可接of短语,(→all≥3)回答howmany/much,any,及有特定范围(which)的提问
nothing指物,回答what,anything的提问
Unit3I'mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.
1,比较级,最高级变化规则
一般在词尾+er或est;以e结尾的加r或st;重读闭音节双写辅音字母+er或est;辅音字母+y结尾的,改y为i+er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词,加more或most。
不规则变化见书本P114
2,比较级用法
基本句型:
主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg:
Whodoyouthinkismoreoutgoing,LilyorLucy
Very,more,quite,so,too等修饰原级;much,alittle,alot,abit,far,even等修饰比较级
eg:
I'mmuch/alittle/alot/abit/farmoreoutgoingthanmysister.
I'mevenworsenow.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg:
Heistallerthananyotherstudentinhisclass.
ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.
比较对象要一致(that代替不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数,所有格,ones)eg:
TheweatherinHarbinismuchcolderthanthatinWuhan.
ThestudentsofClassOnestudyharderthanthoseofClassTwo.
MybikeisnewerthanTom's.
比较级中出现ofthetwo/twins结构时,adj比较级前要+the,不可用than
Eg:
Tomisthetallerofthetwobrothers.
“get/become+比较级+and+比较级”表示“变得越来越⋯⋯”(多音节或部分双音节用“moreandmore+原级)
Eg:
Itgetswarmerandwarmerwhenspringcomes.
You'regettingmoreandmorebeautiful.
“the+比较级⋯⋯,the+比较级⋯⋯”表示“越⋯⋯,就越⋯⋯”
Eg:
Themoreyouexercise,thestrongeryouwillbe.
“As⋯as”中间接原级,表示“与⋯一样”,否定为“notas/so⋯as”表示“不如”Eg:
Heisastallashisfather.
Heisnotas/sotallashisfather.
“比较级+than”(more/less+原级+than)与“notas/so⋯as”可以互换Eg:
I'mtallerthanyou.ChineseismoreimportantthanBiology.
You'reshorterthanme.BiologyislessimportantthanChinese
You'renotas/sotallasme.Biologyisnotas/soimportantasChinese
比⋯⋯大/多/长/宽几倍,用“主语+be+⋯⋯times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg:
Ourclassroomistwicelargerthanyours.
重几斤,高几公分,大几岁⋯⋯,用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象”
Eg:
I'msixyearsolderthanyou.
3,loudly大声地,响亮地(多含噪音之意)
aloud大声地,出声地(强调出声)readaloudcallaloudforhelploud大声地,高声地,常与speak,shout,laugh,talk连用响亮的,大声的loudvoice
4,fast强调速度快run/drivefast
quickly强调动作、行动快
soon强调时间间隔短
5,competition体育,书法,朗读,音乐等比赛
match体育竞技比赛,球类比赛
race速度方面的竞赛,赛跑,赛龙舟等
6,win+比赛,奖项
beat+人,团队
7,ago以前,用于一般过去时,放在一段时间后
before在⋯⋯以前,通常用于完成时,放在时间点或事件之前8,thesameas→bedifferentfrombesimilarto=belike
9,begoodat+V-ing=dowellin擅长于
begoodfor对⋯有益(bebadfor对⋯有害)
begoodto对⋯友好(good可用friendly,nice,kind替换)
begoodwith和⋯相处好=geton/alongwellwith
10,true/truly指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符
real/really指人或事客观存在,不是想象的
11,takecareof=lookafter照顾
carefor照料、关心某人,喜欢某人、某物careabout关心,计较,在乎
12,makesbdosth
makesb/sth+adjmakemehappy
makesb+n.Wemadehimmonitor.
makesb+过去分词Shespokealoudtomakeherselfheard.
makeit约定时间,做成某事,及时抵达Let'smakeitat10:
00.
Don'tworry.He'llmakeit.
13,both位置:
行前be后
bothofthem/us=they/weboth
both作主语,谓语动词用复数
notboth为部分否定,全部否定要用either⋯not或者neither
both⋯and⋯=notonly⋯but(also)⋯否定为:
neither⋯nor
14,bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎bepopularin/at在某地受欢迎
15,itis+adj+forsb+todosth(adj修饰todosth)Itisimportantformetolearn
English.
itis+adj+ofsb+todosth(adj修饰sb)Itiskind/friendly/niceofyou
tohelpme.
16,bringout使显现出
17,sharesthwithsb和某人分享
18,other“其他的,另外的”,后接名词复数,有时other+n复数=others
another“又一(个),另一(个)”,泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个,后接名词单数。
theother“(两者中的)另一个”,常与one连用,“one⋯theother⋯”表示“一个⋯,另一个⋯”
19,heartlearnsthbyheart用心记loseheart灰心
20,breakthelaw/rules/worldrecord违法/违规/打破世界纪录
Breakoff打断breakawayfrom摆脱,脱离breakinto破门而入breakin
插嘴
Breakdown出故障breakout爆发breakup
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