建设项目管理经验教训外文翻译文献编辑.docx
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建设项目管理经验教训外文翻译文献编辑.docx
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建设项目管理经验教训外文翻译文献编辑
文献信息
文献标题:
Alessons-learnedsystemforconstructionprojectmanagement:
apreliminaryapplication(建设项目管理经验教训系统的初步应用)
文献作者:
FerradaX,NúñezD,NeyemA,etal
文献出处:
《Procedia-SocialandBehavioralSciences》,2016,226:
302-309.
字数统计:
英文3451单词,18975字符;中文6100汉字
外文文献
Alessons-learnedsystemforconstructionprojectmanagement:
apreliminaryapplication
AbstractConstructioncompaniesareproject-basedorganizations,sincemuchoftheirknowledgeisgeneratedonsite,fromprojectstheycarryout.Infact,projectsareanimportantsourceofexpertknow-howandorganizationalknowledge,butlessons-learnedfromthemarenotsystematicallyincorporatedintosubsequentprojects,evidencingalackofknowledgemanagementandlearningcultureinlocalconstructioncompanies.Thisarticledescribesaresearcheffortthataddressedthissituationanddevelopedalessons-learnedsystemtohelpconstructioncompaniestoovercometheselimitations.Amultiplecase-studymethodologywasappliedtounderstandtheknowledgeandlearningrealitiesandneedsofthreeChileanconstructioncompanies.Basedontheseresults,amobilecloud-sharedworkspacetosupportknowledgemanagementwasdeveloped.Resultsshowthatmajorconcernsofusersareassociatedwithhowthesystemacknowledgestheparticularitiesofconstructionprojectsandhowitwillbeincorporatedintodailyactivities.Mainconclusionsindicatethat
(1)companiesacknowledgetheneedtodevelopacultureofinnovationwithintheorganization,
(2)usersconsiderthesystemasatoolthatcouldreallycontributetoimprovetheconstructionprojectmanagementprocess,and(3)thesystemneedsimprovementsregardingdatabasesearchandtheInternetsupportbeforebeingfullyimplementedinthecompanyasaprojectmanagementtool.
Keywords:
constructionindustry;groupdecisionsupport;mobilesharedworkspaces;cloudworkspaces;loosely-coupledmobilework;designguidelines
1.Introduction
Theconstructionindustryisaknowledge-basedindustry:
Itreliesheavilyonknowledgeinputbythedifferentparticipantsinaprojectteam(Forcada,Fuertes,Gangolells,Casals,&MacArulla,2013).Infact,asconstructionisaproject-basedindustry,mostofitsknowledgeisgeneratedinprojects(Tan,Carrillo,&Anumba,2011).Then,capturing,sharing,andutilizingthecombinedknowledgeofthecurrentworkforceisessentialtoavoidlosingvitalcorporateknowledgeassets(Caldas,Gibson,Weerasooriya,&Yohe,2009).Thismeansconstructioncompaniesneedtocapitalizewhatitislearnedineachprojecttocontinuouslyimproveorganizationalperformance(Almeida&Soares,2014).But,despitetheeffortsmade,progressinimprovingthelearningfromprojectsappearstobeslight(Hartmann&Dorée,2014),asorganizationsconsistentlyrepeatmistakes,failtolearnfromprojectsandfailtotransferlessonsfromoneprojecttoanother(Swan,Scarbrough,&Newell,2010).
Inthisregard,constructioncompaniesneedtodeveloptechniquesandusetoolsintheirprojectsthatfacilitatethecaptureandsharingoflessonslearnedthroughouttheproject’slifecycle(Paranagamage,Carrillo,Ruikar,&Fuller,2012).Infact,everyconstructionorganizationshouldhaveaproperlessonslearneddatabase,becauseusingit,projectteamindividualscanacquireandassimilatemoreknowledgethroughorganizationsand,further,organizationsshouldalsonotrelyheavilyonindividuals(Senaratne&Malewana,2011).Also,manyorganizationsintheconstructionindustryhaverecognizedtheimportanceofalessonlearnedprogramasavitalassetforknowledgemanagement(Caldasetal.,2009).Basedonthisneed,weenvisionthatsharedworkspacesemergeasapossiblesolutiontoknowledgemanagementwithinconstructioncompanies.ThispaperproposesaMobileCloudSharedWorkspace(MCSW)whichallowsrecording,representinganddistributingorganizationalknowledgeduringtheconstructionprojectmanagementprocess.Theplatformintendstoimprovethedecision-makingandcoordinationprocessesamongprojectmanagers,projectsupervisors,qualitychief,operationsmanagerandotherconstructionprofessionals.Thisarticlepresentstheresultsofanevaluationofaprototypeofthemobilecloudsharedworkspace.Thenextsectionsincludealiteraturereviewonthemaintopicsrelatedtothestudy,theresearchmethodology,andtheprototypesystemandtheirevaluationbyusers,followedbythemainconclusionsofthestudy.
2.Lessons-learned
Lessons–learned(LL)areelementsofbothorganizationallearningandknowledgemanagement(Carrillo,2005).Alessonlearnedisdefinedasknowledgegainedfromexperience,successfulorotherwise,forthepurposeofimprovingfutureperformance(ConstructionIndustryInstitute,2007).Inthisregard,havingLLprogramshavebecomecriticalforconstructioncompanies,giventheglobalizationofprojectexecution,andthefactthataconsiderablenumberofemployeesareapproachingretirement(Caldasetal.,2009).Inthisregard,whathasmotivatedconstructioncompaniestoconductLLsis(Paranagamageetal.,2012):
(1)tolearnfromsimilarpastprojectstoavoidrepeatingmistakes,
(2)toensurethatpastsuccessesarereplicatedinfutureprojects,(3)togaincompetitiveedgeovercompanies,(4)toavoidcorporate“braindrain”,and(5)toencourageinnovation.Aboutlessonsrecordedbyconstructionprofessionals,therearethreeimportantphenomenatoconsidered(Fong&Yip,2006):
(1)professionalssometimesrecordgood/badpracticesduringtherunningofprojectsandupontheircompletion;
(2)thefrequencyofrecordingbadpracticesorfailuresismuchlowerthanthatofrecordinggoodones;and(3)mostoftherecordedgood/badpracticesareforindividualuse,butnotfortheteamororganizationaluse.Theleadingreasonsforthisbehaviorarelackofemployees’time,lackofmanagementsupport,andlackofincentives,resourcesorguidelines(Williams,2008).
MostConstructionIndustryInstituteorganizationsthatalreadyhaveaLLprogramuseasearchable,webbaseddatabasewithsomedegreeofsecurity(ConstructionIndustryInstitute,2007).Aproblemwithlessons-learneddatabasesisthattheyarenotwidelyusedbecausethedocumentsthatexistedtendedtofocusverymuchonwhathadbeenachievedbyaprojectteam(productknowledge)ratherthanhowthishadbeenachievedand/orwhyiteitherworkedordidnotwork(processknowledge)(Newell,Bresnen,Edelman,Scarbrough,&Swan,2006).Thesameauthorsindicatedthatwhatmightbemoreusefulisknowledgeabouttheprocesssincethishaspotentiallymuchwiderrelevanceacrossdifferentprojects(Newelletal.,2006).Eventhoughconstructioncompanieshavetakingpositivestepsregardinglessonslearnedcapture,thebenefitsoflearningarenotrealized(Paranagamageetal.,2012).
Ithasbeenproposedthatmoreneedstobedonetonotonlyensurethatthelessonsareaccessibletothosewhoneedthem;butalsotoensurethattheirvalidityandintegrityarecontinuallymonitored(Paranagamageetal.,2012).
3.ICTinconstructioncompanies
ConstructionindustryhasbeenslowinadoptingICT(InformationandCommunicationTechnologies)andoftentechnologythatisavailableandeasilyaccessibleisnotbeenutilizedtothefullextent(Ahuja,Yang,&Shankar,2009).Thishappensbecausemostconstructionfirmsaresmall-to-mediumenterprises(SME)and,therefore,lackthebudgetforIT(InformationTechnologies)investments(Cheng&Kumar,2012).
Incontrast,currently,moreconstructionworkersusetheirownmobiledeviceswhileworkingonthejob(Sage,2012).AnICTsurveyindicatedthat81%ofconstructionworkersusesmartphonedevicesatthejobsite,69%uselaptopcomputers,and26%usetabletPCs(AllianceSolutionsGroup,2013).Theuseofmobilecomputingdevices,suchaspersonaldigitalassistants(PDAs),smartphones,andothermobile-enabledtechnologies,enablesconstructionmanagerstoinput,store,process,andaccessprojectinformationatanylocationandtocommunicatethatinformationtoanylocation(Son,Park,Kim,&Chou,2012).Infact,mobiletechnologiescomponentsallowsforaflexiblemanagementofworkingprocess,adaptedtoeachperson(Suman,Ursic,Psunder,&Veselinovic,2009).Also,thesetechnologiescouldprovidethelinktoworkersattheirpointofactivitysothatlessonslearntastheprojectprogressarecaptureimmediately,thenthereal-timeknowledgecanalsobeincorporatedinfuturephasesofthecurrentproject(Bowden,Dorr,Thorpe,&Anumba,2006).Severalauthorshaveproposeddifferentmobilesystemstobeusedinspecifictasksofconstructionmanagement,butmostofthesestudiesemphasizeontheaccesstoprojectinformationforveryspecifictasksorconstructionareas,suchassafetyorconstructionmanagementonsite.
Besidesmobiledevices,othertrendinginformationtechnologyinconstructionindustryisCloudComputing(CC).Cloudcomputingenablesbusinesses,particularlySMEs,toaccessresourcesfromaresourcepoolon-demand;allowinggreaterflexibilityandlowercostsrelatedtomanagingcomputerresources(Lin&Chen,2012).Itsservicesaredividedintothreeclasses(Sultan,2014):
SoftwareasaService(SaaS)forbusiness-relatedcomputerprograms,InfrastructureasaService(IaaS)foralmostunlimitedfastprocessingcapabilitiesandlargestoragefacilities,andPlatformasaservice(PaaS)fortooldevelopmentandhostingoptionsforclientswhoprefertocreateandmanagetheirownapplications.Thetradeoffbetweenthesethreecomesdowntocustomizabilityandcontrolversusspeedofdeploymentandeaseofmaintenance,beingSaaSthemosteasilytomaintainanddeployfromtheenduser’sperspective.
CCisalsobeneficialinenhancinginformationsafetyandsecuritybec
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