大学四级1198.docx
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大学四级1198.docx
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大学四级1198
大学四级-1198
(总分:
711.01,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、PartⅠWriting(总题数:
1,分数:
106.00)
1.1.有的大学生有很强的责任意识,有的却连最基本的责任感都没有;
2.大学生肩负些哪责任;
3.大学阶段是大学生成长的重要阶段,呼吁大学生加强责任感。
(分数:
106.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
([高分作文]
Ourtimeswitnessastrikingdifferencebetweentwogroupsofcollegestudents:
thosewhobearastrongsenseofresponsibilityandthosewithoutevenaslightestone.
Perhapssomearestillwondering--whatobligationsareundergraduatessupposedtotake?
Obviously,alladultcitizensshouldberesponsibleforthemselves,theirfamilies,theirsocietiesandtheirnations.Weuniversitystudentsarenoexception.Besides,weareexpectedtoberesponsiblefortheinstitutionwherewearebeingeducated.
Yearsatcollegearethemostimportantperiodinaperson'sgrowth,whenweacquireknowledgeandfindourrolesinlife,sowemustenhanceourobligationsenseatthiscrucialmomentinordertofulfillourdutieswellasindividualsandmembersofourfamilies,ourschools,oursocietyandourcountry.)
解析:
[评析]
本文开头段只用了一句话就说明了提纲中的差距:
有的大学生有很强的责任意识,有的却连最基本的责任感都没有。
其中动词witness的拟人法使用、短语astrikingdifference(显著的不同)、strong与slightest形成的强烈对比以及responsibility和one实虚词结合,都是亮点表达。
而两类人的定语分别使用了定语从句whobearastrongsenseofresponsibility和介词短语withoutevenaslightestone,体现了句型的变化多样。
第二段虽然不长,但是段首过渡句Perhapssomearestillwondering-whatobligationsareundergraduatessupposedtotake?
的使用,承上启下,十分自然地引出段落主题:
大学生肩负哪些责任。
随后给出四个答案:
成年公民都应该承担自我责任、家庭责任、社会责任、国家责任。
大学生也不例外。
而为了突出大学生和一般成年公民的区别,还用Besides补充了“学校责任”。
尾段强调了大学时期在人生中的重要性,并呼吁为了很好地履行我们作为个人以及家庭、学校、社会、国家的成员的职责,我们要加强责任感的培养,呼应第二段。
全文以主人公的形象论述,有说服力。
二、PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(总题数:
1,分数:
70.00)
CommunicationSkills--StartHere!
Whyyouneedtogetyourmessageacross
Effectivecommunicationisallaboutconveyingyourmessagestootherpeopleclearlyandunambiguously.It'salsoaboutreceivinginformationthatothersaresendingtoyou,withaslittledistortionaspossible.
Doingthisinvolveseffortfromboththesenderofthemessageandthereceiver.Andit'saprocessthatcanbefraught(充满)witherror,withmessagesmuddledbythesender,ormisinterpretedbytherecipient.Whenthisisn'tdetected,itcancausetremendousconfusion,wastedeffortandmissedopportunity.Infact,communicationisonlysuccessfulwhenboththesenderandthereceiverunderstandthesameinformationasaresultofthecommunication.Bysuccessfullygettingyourmessageacross,youconveyyourthoughtsandideaseffectively.Whennotsuccessful,thethoughtsandideasthatyouactuallysenddonotnecessarilyreflectwhatyouthink,causingacommunicationsbreakdownandcreatingroadblocksthatstandinthewayofyourgoals--bothpersonallyandprofessionally.
Inarecentsurveyofrecruitersfromcompanieswithmorethan50000employees,communicationskillswerecitedasthesinglemoreimportantdecisivefactorinchoosingmanagers.Thesurvey,conductedbytheUniversityofPittsburgh'sKatzBusinessSchool,pointsoutthatcommunicationskills,includingwrittenandoralpresentations,aswellasanabilitytoworkwithothers,arethemainfactorcontributingtojobsuccess.
Inspiteoftheincreasingimportanceplacedoncommunicationskills,manyindividualscontinuetostruggle,unabletocommunicatetheirthoughtsandideaseffectively--whetherinverbalorwrittenformat.Thisinabilitymakesitnearlyimpossibleforthemtocompeteeffectivelyintheworkplace,andstandsinthewayofcareerprogression.
Beingabletocommunicateeffectivelyisthereforeessentialifyouwanttobuildasuccessfulcareer.Todothis,youmustunderstandwhatyourmessageis,whataudienceyouaresendingitto,andhowitwillbeperceived.Youmustalsoweigh-inthecircumstancessurroundingyourcommunications,suchassituationalandculturalcontext.
CommunicationSkills--TheImportanceofRemovingBarriers
Problemswithcommunicationcanpop-upateverystageofthecommunicationprocess(whichconsistsofthesender,encoding,thechannel,decoding,thereceiver,feedbackandthecontext--seethediagrambelow).Ateachstage,thereisthepotentialformisunderstandingandconfusion.
Tobeaneffectivecommunicatorandtogetyourpointacrosswithoutmisunderstandingandconfusion,yourgoalshouldbetolessenthefrequencyofproblemsateachstageofthisprocess,withclear,concise,accurate,well-plannedcommunications.Wefollowtheprocessthroughbelow:
Source...
Asthesourceofthemessage,youneedtobeclearaboutwhyyou'recommunicating,andwhatyouwanttocommunicate.Youalsoneedtobeconfidentthattheinformationyou'recommunicatingisusefulandaccurate.
Message...
Themessageistheinformationthatyouwanttocommunicate.
Encoding...
Thisistheprocessoftransferringtheinformationyouwanttocommunicateintoaformthatcanbesentandcorrectlydecodedattheotherend.Yoursuccessinencodingdependspartlyonyourabilitytoconveyinformationclearlyandsimply,butalsoonyourabilitytoanticipateandeliminatesourcesofconfusion(forexample,culturalissues,mistakenassumptions,andmissinginformation.)
Akeypartofthisisknowingyouraudience:
Failuretounderstandwhoyouarecommunicatingwithwillresultindeliveringmessagesthataremisunderstood.
Channel...
Messagesareconveyedthroughchannels,withverbalchannelsincludingface-to-facemeetings,telephoneandvideoconferencing;andwrittenchannelsincludingletters,emails,memosandreports.
Differentchannelshavedifferentstrengthsandweaknesses.Forexample,it'snotparticularlyeffectivetogivealonglistofdirectionsverbally,whileyou'llquicklycauseproblemsifyougivesomeonenegativefeedbackusingemail.
Decoding...
Justassuccessfulencodingisaskill,soissuccessfuldecoding(involving,forexample,takingthetimetoreadamessagecarefully,orlistenactivelytoit.)Justasconfusioncanarisefromerrorsinencoding,itcanalsoarisefromdecodingerrors.Thisisparticularlythecaseifthedecoderdoesn'thaveenoughknowledgetounderstandthemessage.
Receiver...
Yourmessageisdeliveredtoindividualmembersofyouraudience.Nodoubt,youhaveinmindtheactionsorreactionsyouhopeyourmessagewillgetfromthisaudience.Keepinmind,though,thateachoftheseindividualsentersintothecommunicationprocesswithideasandfeelingsthatwillundoubtedlyinfluencetheirunderstandingofyourmessage,andtheirresponse.Tobeasuccessfulcommunicator,youshouldconsiderthesebeforedeliveringyourmessage,andactappropriately.
Feedback...
Youraudiencewillprovideyouwithfeedback,asverbalandnonverbalreactionstoyourcommunicatedmessage.Paycloseattentiontothisfeedback,asitistheonlythingthatcangiveyouconfidencethatyouraudiencehasunderstoodyourmessage.Ifyoufindthattherehasbeenamisunderstanding,atleastyouhavetheopportunitytosendthemessageasecondtime.
Context...
Thesituationinwhichyourmessageisdeliveredisthecontext.Thismayincludethesurroundingenvironmentorbroaderculture(corporateculture,internationalcultures,andsoon).
RemovingBarriersatAllTheseStages
Todeliveryourmessageseffectively,youmustcommittobreakingdownthebarriersthatexistwithineachofthesestagesofthecommunicationprocess.Let'sbeginwiththemessageitself.Ifyourmessageistoolengthy,disorganized,orcontainserrors,youcanexpectthemessagetobemisunderstoodandmisinterpreted.Useofpoorverbalandbodylanguagecanalsoconfusethemessage.
Barriersincontexttendtostemfromsendersofferingtoomuchinformationtoofast.Whenindoubthere,lessisoftentimesmore.Itisbesttobemindfulofthedemandsonotherpeople'stime,especiallyintoday'sultra-busysociety.
Onceyouunderstandthis,youneedtoworktounderstandyouraudience'sculture,maltingsureyoucanconverseanddeliveryourmessagetopeopleofdifferentbackgroundsandcultureswithinyourownorganization,inyourcountryandevenabroad.
(分数:
70.00)
(1).Whatisoneofthefindingsofthesurvey'conductedbyKatzBusinessSchool?
(分数:
7.00)
A.Superiorstendtobebettercommunicatorsthantheirinferiors.
B.Poorcommunicationskillscancausealossofconfidence.
C.Communicationskillsarecrucialtoone'sprofessionalsuccess. √
D.Modernbusinessesareingreatneedofefficientmanagers.
解析:
[定位]根据题干中的KatzBusinessSchool查找到第一个次标题下第三段尾句。
[解析]原文的mainfactorcontributingtojobsuccess对应选项C中的crucialtoone'sprofessionalsuccess.
(2).Theauthortellsusthattocommunicateeffectively,wemustunderstand______.(分数:
7.00)
A.ouraudienceandthesituationwearein √
B.thetargetlanguageandfacialexpressions
C.bothsignlanguagesandverballanguages
D.themostdirectwaytodeliveramessage
解析:
[定位]根据题干中的communicateeffectively,mustunderstand查找到第一个次标题下尾段。
[解析]尾句中提到了3个因素:
message,audience和circumstances,A中涉及这些因素。
(3).Howcanpeoplegetacrosstheirpointswithoutmisunderstandingandconfusion?
(分数:
7.00)
A.Byusingthesimplestwordsandsentencestructuresincommunication.
B.Byreducingthefrequencyofproblemsinthecommunicatingprocess. √
C.Bymakingvividcomparisonsandgivingasmanyexamplesaspossible.
D.Byprovidingthelistenersasmuchbackgroundinformationaspossible.
解析:
[定位]根据题干中的getacrosstheirpointswithoutmisunderstandingandconfusion查找到第二个次标题下第二段。
[解析]选项B中的reducing对应原文的lessen,inthecommunicatingprocess对应ateachstageofthisprocess。
(4).Thesourceofamessageshouldmakesurethattheprovidedinformationis______.(分数:
7.00)
A.abundant
B.timely
C.first-hand
D.errorless √
解析:
[定位]根据题干中的source,information查找到第一个三级标题Source下第二句。
[解析]D中的errorless是原文accurate
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