高三必备英语阅读理解科普环保技巧全解及练习题含答案.docx
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高三必备英语阅读理解科普环保技巧全解及练习题含答案.docx
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高三必备英语阅读理解科普环保技巧全解及练习题含答案
高三必备英语阅读理解(科普环保)技巧全解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?
Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.
Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".
Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.
Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.
Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?
AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二极管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.
Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."
(1)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A. Screendevicesonthemarket.
B. Foldableageisarriving.
C. Possiblepowersofatablet.
D. Foldablescreensareimperfect.
(2)WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?
A. Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.
B. TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.
C. Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.
D. Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.
(3)Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?
A. Theyareeasytobreak.
B. Theyareinconvenienttocarry.
C. Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.
D. Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.
(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?
A. Worried.
B. Cautious.
C. Positive.
D. Unconcerned.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。
”
(1)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?
”如果有一款具有平板电脑功能的手机,可以折叠起来,整齐地放在手里,那不是很棒吗?
;以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”现在,类似于平板形状的可折叠手机即将问世。
可知本文主题是“可折叠手机的时代即将到来。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(画布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison称可折叠屏幕是“未来智能手机的基础”。
“这是一块空白的画布,我们可以一起做一些美好的事情。
”“可知,我们能从贾斯汀·丹尼森的话中了解到“可折叠屏幕”具有很大的潜力。
”故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而,目前这些可折叠设备价格昂贵。
例如华为MateX的价格是17500元人民币。
这是一个很少有人能负担得起的价格。
可知,目前可折叠手机大多数家庭都买不起。
故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果这种可折叠设备不能在一夜之间改变世界,那么毫无疑问,它将会到来。
可知,作者对可折叠屏幕的未来持的态度是积极的。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理,概括归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.
ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天线)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.
Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干扰)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.
Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.
Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”
Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.
(1)Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?
A. Thefunctionofthetechnique.
B. Thewaythedeviceworks.
C. Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.
D. Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.
(2)What'stheadvantageofthedevice?
A. Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.
B. Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.
C. Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.
D. Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.
(3)WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?
A. Tosavemoneyandlabour.
B. TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.
C. Toprotectpassengers'privacy.
D. Toresearchdangerousobjects.
(4)Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?
A. Confirming.
B. Improving.
C. Discovering.
D. Examining.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本是一篇说明文,介绍了研究人员发现,WiFi可用于可用于安检。
(1)考查段落大意。
根据第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”这个检测系统分析信号在物体和材料上穿透和反射时会发生什么。
可知选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知,不用打开和检查人们的个人物品,避免了侵犯隐私,可知选D。
(3)考查推理判断,根据第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.” 在大型公共场所,很难像机场那样设置昂贵的安检设施。
检查行李总是需要人力,我们希望开发一种互补的方法来减少人力,可推知选A。
(4)考查词义猜测。
根据最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作将继续侧重于提高识别物体和成像形状及体积的准确性,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.
Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.
Withasmartthermostat(温度自动调节器),ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.
Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?
Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..
Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.
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