福建职称英语考试真题卷.docx
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福建职称英语考试真题卷.docx
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福建职称英语考试真题卷
2022年福建职称英语考试真题卷
本卷共分为1大题50小题,作答时间为180分钟,总分100分,60分及格。
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每题的备选项中,只有一个最符合题意)
1.第2篇 TheBestWaytoReduceYourWeight Youhearthis:
"Nowonderyouarefat.Allyoueverdoiseat."Youfeelsad:
"lskipmybreakfastandsupper.Iruneverymorningandevening.WhatelsecanIdo"Basicallyyoucandonothing.Yourgenes,notyourlifehabits,determineyourweightandyourbodyconstantlytriestomaintainit. AlbertStunkardoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniafoundfromexperimentsthat,"80percentofthechildrenoftwoobese(肥胖的)parentsbecomeobese,ascomparedwithnomorethan14percentoftheoffspringoftwoparentsofnormalweight." HowcanobesepeoplebecomenormaloreventhinthroughdietingWell,dietingcanbeeffective,butthehealthcostsaretremendous.JulesHirsch,aresearchphysicianatRockefellerUniversity,didastudyofeightfatpeople.Theyweregivenaliquidformulaproviding600caloriesaday.Aftermorethan10weeks,thesubjectslost45kaonaverage.Butafterleavingthehospital,theyallregainedweight.Theresultsweresurprising:
bymetabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement,fatpeoplewholostlargeamountsofweightseemedliketheywerestarving.Theyhadpsychiatricproblems.Theydreamedoffoodorbreakingtheirdiet.Theywereanxiousanddepressed;someweresuicidal.Theyhidfoodintheirrooms.Researcherswamthatitispossiblethatweightreductiondoesn’tresultInnormalweight,butinanabnormalstateresemblingthatofstarvednon-obesepeople. Thinpeople,however,sufferfromtheopposite:
Theyhavetomakeagreatefforttogainweight.EthanSims,oftheUniversityofVermont,gotprisonerstovolunteertogainweight.Infourtosixmonths,theyateasmuchastheycould.Theysucceededinincreasingtheirweightby20t025percent.Butmonthsafterthestudyendedtheywerebacktonormalweightandstayedthere. Thisdidnotmeanthatpeoplearecompletelywithout"hopeincontrollingtheirweight.Itmeansthatthosewhotendtobefatwillhavetoconstantlybattletheirgeneticinheritanceiftheywanttosignificantlylowertheirweight.Thefindingsalsoprovideevidenceforsomethingscientiststhoughtwastrue-eachpersonhasacomfortableweightrange.Therangemightbeasmuchas9kg.Someonemightweigh60-69kgwithouttoomucheffort.Butgoingaboveorbelowthenaturalweightrangeisdifficult.Thebodyresistsbyfeelinghungryorfullandchangingthemetabolismtopusbtheweightbacktotherangeitseeks.InEthanSimsstudy,thesubjectswereaskedto__________.
A.stayinprison
B.eatasmuchastheycould
C.battletheirgeneticinheritance
D.lowertheirweight
2.WasteNot,WantNot IBobandClaraDarlington,whoownandrunafarmintheNorthofEngland,havealwayslookedfornewwaysofmakingmoneyoutoftheproducetheygrow.Theirsuccessbeganwhentheyestablishedashopontheirfarm,sothatpeoplecouldcomeandbuyfreshvegetablesdirectlyfromthem. 2Thebusinesswasanimmediatesuccess,andsoonscoredtopmarksinacompetitionsetupbytheFarmRetailAssociationtofindthebestfarmshopinthecountry.TheAssociation’sinspectorsfoundtheDarlingtons’shopofferedexcellentserviceandvalueformoneyaswellasqualityfruitandvegetable. 3ClaraDarlingtonisatrainedchefand,inadditiontoarangeofhome-grownfoodsandotherlocalproduce,shebeganofferingavarietyofpreparedmealswhichshehadmadeherselfinthefarmhousekitchen.Asmallcafealongsidethefarmshopwassoonadded,witheverythingthatvisitorscouldtasteonthemenualsobeingforsaleintheshop. 4Claraadmitsthatstartingthebusinesswasexpensive,andshehasworkedveryhard,butmaintainsthatiftheproductisgood,thepublicrecognizethisandbuyit."Iaimtoofferthehighestqualitytoourcustomers,whethertheycomeinforaloafofbread,ortakeawholedinner-partymenu.Itakeitasacompliment(恭维)ifpeopletakehomeoneofmydishestoservetotheirfamilyandfriendsandgetawaywithpretendingtheymadeitthemselves." 5Soitwasthatthecouplerealizedthattheyhadasurplusofmisshapenordamagedvegetablesgrownonthefarmwhichwereunsuitableforsellingintheshop.Clara,notwishingtoseethemgetthrownaway,decidedtoturnthemintosoup. 6ThesoupmetwiththeimmediateapprovalofcustomerstotheshopandClaranowproducestendifferentvarieties.ShespentmuchofthesummertravelingupanddowntoLondonbyrail,doingpresentationsofthesoups.Asaresult,theyarenowservedinfirst-classrailwayrestaurantcarsbelongingtothreecompaniesaswellasbeingstockedbyanumberofhigh-classLondonstores. 23.Paragraph2__________. 24.Paragraph3__________. 25.Paragraph4__________. 26.Paragraph5__________. A.Professionalrecognitionisobtained B.Ensuringthatnothinggetswasted C.Anecessaryalternativetofarming D.Timewellspentisrewarded E.Continuinginvestmentisnecessaryalternativetofarminginhighstand9rds F.Professionalskillsareexploited 27.BobandClaraDarlingtonestablishedashopto_ 28.Apartfromqualityfruitandvegetables,thecouple 29.Insteadofthrowingthedamagedvegetablesaway,thecouple 30.ClaraspentmuchofthesummergoingtoLondonto A.sellfreshvegetables B.turnthemintosoup C.sellasmuchaspossible D.promotehersoups E.fillagapinthemarket F.offeravarietyofpreparedmeals
3.IKnowJustHowYouFeel DoyoufeelsadHappyAngryYoumaythinkthatthewayyoushowtheseemotionsisunique.Well,thinkagain.Eventheexpressionofthemostpersonalfeelingscanbeclassified,accordingtoMindReadingame,aDVDdisplayingeverypossiblehumanemotion.Itdemonstrates412distinctwaysinwhichwefeelthefirstvisualdistionaryofthehumanheart. Attemptstoclassifyexpressionsbeganinthemid-1800s,whenDarwindividedtheemtionsintosixtypes-anger,fear,sadness,disgust,surpriseandenjoyment._________(46)EveryotherfeelingwasthoughttoderivefromDarwin’ssmallgroup.Morecomplexexpressionsofemotionswereprobablylearnedandthereforemorespecifictoeachculture.Butnowitisbelievedthatmanymorefacialexpressionsaresharedworldwide._________(47)TheMindReadingDVDisasystematicvisualrecordoftheseexpressions. TheprojectwasconceivedbyaCambridgeprofessorasanaidforpeoplewithautism(孤独症),whohavedifficultybothreadingandexpressingemotions.Butitquicklybecameapparentthatithadbroaderuses.Actorsandteachers,forexample,needtounderstandawiderangeofexpressions.Theprofessorandhisresearchteamfirsthadtodefinean"emotion"_________(48)Usingthisdefinition,1,512emotiontermswereidentifiedanddiscussed.Thislistwaseventuallyreducedto412,from"afraid"to"wanting". Oncetheseemotionsweredefinedandclassified,aDVDseemedtheclearestandmostefficientwaytodisplaythem.InMindReading,eachexpressionisactedoutbysixdifferentactorsinthreeseconds._________(49)Theexplanationforthisissimple:
wemayfinditdifficulttodescribeemotionsusingwords,butweinstantlyrecogniseonewhenweseeitonsomeone’sface."Itwasreallyclearwhentheactorshadgotitright,"saysCathyCollis,whodirectedtheDVD."Althoughtheyweregivensomedirestion,"saysMsCollis,"theactorswerenottoldwhichfacialmusclestheyshouldmove."_________(50)Forexample,whensomeonefeelcontempt,youcan’tsayforcertainthattheireyebrowsalwaysgodown. SomeonewhohastriedtoestablishsuchrulesistheAmerican,ProfessorPaulEkman,whohasbuiltadatabaseofhowthefacemovesforeveryemotion.Thefacecanmake43distinctmusclemovementscalled"actionunits".Thesecanbecombinedintomorethan10,000visiblefacialshapes.Ekmenhaswrittenoutapatternoffacialmuscularmovementstorepresenteachemotion. A.Hesaidthatthisexpressionoffeelingisuniversalandrecognizablebyanyonefromanyculture. B.Anyothermethodofshowingthe412emotionswhouldhavebeenfarlesseffective. C.Researchhasalsobeendonetofindoutwhichareaofbrainreadtheemotionalexpressions. D.Theseparticularmusclesaredifficulttocontrol,andfewpeoplecandoit. E.Theydecidedthatitwasamentalstatethatcouldbeprecededby"Ifeel""helooks"or"shesounds". F.Wethoughtoftryingtodescribeeachemotion,butitwhouldhavebeenalmostimpossibletomakeclearrulesofthis.
4. 第1篇 TheIceman OnaSeptemberdayin1991,twoGermanswereclimbingthemountainsbetweenAustriaandItaly.Highuponamountainpass,theyfoundthebodyofamanlyingontheice.Atthatheight(10,499feet,or3,200meters),theiceisusuallypermanent,but1991hadbeenanespeciallywarmyear.Themountainicehadmeltedmorethanusualandsothebodyhadcometothesurface. Itwaslyingfacedownward.Theskeleton(骨架)wasinperfectcondition,exceptforawoundinthehead.Therewasstillskinonthebonesandtheremainsofsomeclothes.Thehandswerestillholdingthewoodenhandleofanaxandonthefeettherewereverysimpleleatherandclothboots.Nearbywasapairofglovesmadeoftreebark(树皮)andaholderforarrows. WhowasthismanHowandwhenhadhediedEverybodyhadadifferentanswertothesequestions.Somepeoplethoughtthatitwasfromthiscentury,perhapsthebodyofasoldierwhodiedinWorldWarI,sinceseveralsoldiershadalreadybeenfoundinthearea.ASwisswomanbelieveditmightbeherfather,whohaddiedinthosemountainstwentyyearsbeforeandwhosebodyhadneverbeenfound.Thescientistswhorushedtolookatthebodythoughtitwasprobablymucholder,maybeevenathousandyearsold. Withmoderndatingt
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