大学四级1262.docx
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大学四级1262.docx
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大学四级1262
大学四级-1262
(总分:
713.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、PartⅠWriting(总题数:
1,分数:
106.00)
1.1.批评在日常生活中很常见
2.不同的人对待批评的态度不同
3.我的看法
(分数:
106.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
([经典范文]
Criticism
Itisnotsurprisingineverydaylifethatpeoplearecriticizedforsomereasons.Studentsmaybecriticizedbytheirparentsorteachers[1]possiblybecausetheyhavedoneabadjobinexams.[2]Ifworkerscouldnotaccomplishtheirtasks,theywouldnotbefreefromcriticismbytheirboss.
Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardcriticism.[3]Whencriticized,somepeoplebecomeannoyedand[4]tryeverypossiblemeanstodefendthemselves,regardingcriticismasinjusticeornonsense.However,othersholdthatcriticismwillhelpthemgetawareoftheirshortcomings,socriticismmaybecomeagoodchanceofsuccessintheirlife.
Inmyopinion,whilecriticismmakesunpleasantfeelings,weshouldnot[5]turnadeafeartoit.Actually,criticism[6]contributestogoodresultsinmostcases.[7]JustastheChinesesayinggoes,"Goodmedicinethattastesbitterwillhelpone'sillness./)
解析:
[写作指南]
这是一篇典型的议论类作文,要求考生先指出“批评在日常生活中很常见”,然后具体说明“不同的人对待批评的不同态度”,并在最后阐述自己的观点。
根据写作要求,文章的结构安排如下:
第一段开头段,指出“批评在日常生活中很常见”;
第二段中间段,具体说明“不同的人对待批评的不同态度”;
第三段结尾段,阐述自己的观点。
[亮点解析]
[1]意思为“也许”,相当于probably,使句子语气变得很含蓄。
[2]利用虚拟语气陈述某种现象或事实。
[3]连词when后面接过去分词criticized,使句子变得简练。
[4]意思为“千方百计”。
类似表达法有tryhardto,makeeveryeffortto,sparenoeffortsto,endeavorto等。
[5]意思为“对……充耳不闻”。
类似表达法有donothingabout。
[6]意思为“导致”。
类似表达法有bringabout,leadto等。
[7]用于引用谚语的结构。
类似表达法有justastheChineseproverbsays。
二、PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(总题数:
1,分数:
70.00)
AboutGenderDifferences
Itissaidthatthefirstthingweaskaboutanewbornbabyis"Isitaboyoragirl?
"Butitmightbeconsideredthatthisisthefirstthingweaskourselveswheneverwemeetanyonenew.Perhapsthisiswhywefinditsothreateningifthecuesareuncertain,andevenmoresoifwefindourfirstassumptionsturnsouttobeincorrect.
Menaredifferentfromwomen.Thatwouldseemtobeself-evident.Theyaredifferentinability,skillandbehavior,butthen,soiseveryindividualperson.Sowhydowemakesuchafussaboutit?
Itseemsnotunreasonabletosuggestthatthesexesaredifferentbecausetheirbrainsaredifferent,butthennotwohumanbrainsarethesame.Itissuggestedthatourcultureisintroublebecausemanywomenhavebeenbroughtuptobelievetheyshouldbeasgoodasmen.Well,whynot?
Whywillonlytouchonthesetopicsbriefly?
Thereisenoughmaterialforadozenbooks.Sufficeittosaythatallthestudiesreportonthewayboysandgirlsare,nothowtheygottobethatway,orratherhowtheywereatthetimeofthestudy.Commonalityacrossculturesandspeciesimpliessomebiologicalbasis.Thefactthatthesituationischangingreflectsthepowerofsocialization.
AtSchool
Therearestudiesaboutrelativeabilitiesofperception,vision,soundandtouch.Certainly,ifyouwatchedacarpenterrunhisfingersalongaplanedsurfaceandbeingabletotellhowsmoothitwas,youwouldfinditdifficulttobelievethatboyslacktactile(触觉的)sensitivity.
Anotheristhatgirlstendtopickupauditoryinformationwhileboysdobettervisually.Severalstudiessuggestedthat,fromschoolageon,boysoutperformedgirlsinareasofmathematicsinvolvingabstractconceptsofspace,relationshipsandtheory.Thebigissueisthedifferenceinthespatialabilitiesbetweenboysandgirls.Itseemsthatboysfinditmucheasiertovisualizeanddealwithspaces,thepositionofobjects,relativeheightsanddimensions.Inatestinvolvingathreedimensionalmechanicaldevice,onlyaquarterofthegirlscouldperformthetaskaswellastheboysanditisn'trecordedifanyboyswereactuallyworse.
Whyaregirlsmoresuccessfulatschool?
Perhapsemphasisoncommunicationinprojectsandexamscouldexplainthesituation.Successatschoolnowadaysdependsonbeingabletowriteessaysandexaminationpapers.Ifgirlsarebetteratverbalcommunicationthanboys,thentheyarelikelytosucceed.But,iftherearemoreboysthangirlswhofinddifficultylearningatschool,doesitnotimplyaseriousdefectinoureducationalsystem?
InSports
Ingeneral,menaretallerandheavierthanwomen.Insports,mentendtooutperformwomeninstrengthandspeed.Womenseemtohavegreaterendurance.Inspiteofmanyattempts,sportshaveneverbecomecompletelyintendedforbothmenandwomen.
Yet,forexample,runningspeedsformaleandfemaleathleteshaveimprovedsteadilythroughthe20thcentury,butwomenhaveimprovedmuchmorethanmen.Thesameisfoundfor,athletics,swimmingandcycling.Henceitispredictedthatsexdifferencesmightdisappearbythemiddleofthenextcentury.HoweverS.SeilerandS.Sailer,in"TheGenderGap.EliteWomenAreRunningFurtherBehind",pointoutthat,sincethedateoftheirstudies,therateofimprovementhasmuchreduced.Theysuggestacorrelationwiththeuseofdrugsenhancingperformance,andtheirmorerecentprohibition.Thesehaveagreatereffectonwomenthantheydowithmen.
BiologicalDifferences
Men,itissaid,aregenerallymoreaggressive,physicallyandverbally,andenjoytakingrisks.Theyplayfightinggamesandenjoy"dares".Morementhanwomenareconvictedforcrimes,especiallycrimesofviolence.
Somesaythatthisissimplyamatterofbiology,otherssuggestthatitisafunctionofthewayweorganizethesexandgenderrolesinoursociety.Infact,manyofthefindings,inthisarea,haveturnedouttobeunsatisfactory,andoftentheyturnouttobeverysmalldifferences.
Biological]y,mencertainlyseemtobetheweakersex.Althoughonewouldexpecttheretobeanequalchanceofthefetus(胎儿)beingaboyorgirl,itappearsthattheratioforboysisabout20percenthigher,yetonlyaboutthesamenumbercometoterm.Onaverage,menexperienceheartattacks10yearsearlierthanwomen,andhaveabetterrateofsurvivalafteroneyear.Symptomsalsovarybysex:
womenexperienceshortnessofbreath,fatigue,andchestpain;mostmaleheartattackscomeonasasudden,strikingpaininthechest.Inadulthood,menaremoreeasilytobeinfectedbyvirusesandhaveashorteraveragelifespan.
Inrecentyears,agreatmanybiologicalsexdifferenceshavebeenfoundthroughoutthebody,includingthebrain.Somehaveraisedworriesaboutdifferencesintheeffectivenessandsideeffectsofvariousdrugs.
SocialConsiderations
However,regardlessofthefindingsthatsexdifferencesreallydoexistafterall,orthepressuretodenythem,sociallywestillexpectwomentobehavelikewomenandmenlikemen.
Therealproblemisnotthatsexdifferencesexist,butthatinoureverydayinstinctofwhatsexualorgenderbehaviorisappropriate,ourconceptsmaybetoonarrowortoorigid.The"biologicaldeterminism"argument,toooften,reinforcesthis.
Whileothersnowsaythatthereistoomuchbiologicalevidencetodenythefactofsexualdifference,wecannotignoretheeffectoflearning.Tostartwith,theideathatwearethehelplessproductsofourheredity(遗传)takesawayourfreewill.Wemustnotallowthosewhoinsistonthedifferencetoblindustothesimilaritiesandwemustnotallowthebiologicalstereotypestogetawaywiththeideathatthereisonlyonekindofmanandonekindofwoman.
AsJ.SayersinBiologicalPoliticsputsit:
"Whenoneexaminesthesesupposedlypurelybiologicalaccountsofgenderrolesonefindsthattheyarerootedinappealtosocial,notbiological,considerations.Thisistruenotonlyofrecentbiologicalanalysesofsexualdivisionsinsocietybutalsoofthebiologicalexplanationsofthesedivisionsadvancedinthe19thcentury.Thesimilaritybetweenearlierandcurrentversionsofthethesesthat'biologyiswoman'sdestiny'isstriking."
RelevantFindings
Outofthelargenumberofpapersthathadbeenproducedupuntil1974,aboutdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen,E.E.MaccobyandC.N.JacklininThePsychologyofSexDifferencesfoundonlythefollowingmaindifferences:
Malesaremoreaggressivethanfemales.
Thoughthisfindinghasbeenchallenged,andthedefinitionofaggressionitselfquestioned,itisafairlycommonfeature,bothofhumanculturesandofthemorecomplexspecies,malechildrenaremorelikelytoengageinplayfightingandadultsmorelikelytofight.Manychallengethis,whileothersassertthatitistheprimaryindicatorofmasculinityandfemininity.
Femaleshavemoreverbalabilitythanmales,whilemaleshavebettervisual-spatialskills.
Thedistinctionseemstoappearatabouttheageofelevenand,becauseoftherelevancetoeducation,ithasreceivedagreatdealofattention.Althoughgirlsandboysseemtohavethesameabilityforcomputationalarithmetic,teenageboysalsoseemtodobetteratthemoreabstractmathematics.Itmightseemthatachildhoodofsocialexperienceistheprimaryfactor.However,thebiologicalargumentsuggeststhatthehormonal(荷尔蒙的)changesofpubertyactivatethosedifferenceswhichdidnotgrowinthepast.
MaccobyandJacklin's1974reviewofthepapersongenderandsexdifferencesistheonemostoftenquoted,anditmaybethat,morethanthirtyyearslater,anotherisurgentlyneeded.
(分数:
70.00)
(1).Accordingtothispassage,theideathatmenaredifferentfromwomenis______.(分数:
7.00)
A.questionedbytheauthor
B.certainlytrue √
C.widelydenied
D.notcommentedon
解析:
[原文定位]在原文第二段前两句:
Menaredifferentfromwomen.Thatwouldseemtobeself-evident.
[答案详解]原文的意思为:
男女有别,这是不言而喻的事实。
选项B说男女有别是肯定的,与原文相符,故选之。
(2).Asforspatialabilities,______.(分数:
7.00)
A.menarebetterthanwomeninvisuali
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