英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx

英语语言学期末试题练习+答案.docx

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英语语言学期末试题练习+答案

英语语言学练习题

Ⅰ.Matching

MatcheachofthefollowingtermsinColumnAwithoneoftheappropriatedefinitionsinColumnB.

ColumnA

1.displacement

2.langue

3.suprasegmentalfeature

4.deepstructure

5.predicationanalysis

6.idiolect

7.pidgin

8.mistakes

9.interlanguage

10.motivation

11.arbitrariness

12.competence

13.broadtranscription

14.morphology

15.category

16.errors

17.componentialanalysis

18.context

19.blending

20.culture

21.learningstrategies

22.selectionalrestrictions

23.phrasestructurerules

24.culturediffusion

ColumnB

A.Learners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguage,whichisofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage.9

B.Learner’sattitudesandaffectivestateorlearningdrive,havingastrongimpactonhiseffortsnlearningasecondlanguage.21

C.Therulesthatspecifytheconstituentsofsyntacticcategories.23

D.Throughcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB.24

E.Apersonaldialectofanindividualspeakerthatcombineselementsregardingregional,social,gender,andagevariations.6

F.Aspeciallanguagevarietythatmixesorblendslanguagesanditisusedbypeoplewhospeakdifferentlanguagesforrestrictedpurposessuchastrading.7

G.Thekindofanalysiswhichinvolvesthebreakingdownofpredicationsintotheirconstituents----argumentsandpredicates.5

H.Theyrefertoconstraintsonwhatlexicalitemscangowithwhatothers.22

I.ThestructureformedbytheXPruleinaccordancewiththehead’ssubcategorizationproperties.4

J.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegments.3

K.Thestudyoftheinternalstructureofwords,andtherulesthatgoverntheruleofwordformation.14

L.Theabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.2

M.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.Itisoneofthedistinctivefeaturesofhumanlanguage.1

N.Learner’sconscious,goal-orientedandproblem-solvingbasedeffortstoachievelearningefficiency.10

O.Thetotalwayoflifeofapeople,includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeofthehumancommunity.20

P.Thecommonknowledgesharedbyboththespeakerandhearer.18

Q.Thewayofwordformationbywhichnewwordsmaybeformedbycombiningpartsofotherwords.19

R.Agroupoflinguisticitemswhichfulfillthesameorsimilarfunctionsinaparticularlanguage,suchasasentence,anounphraseoraverb.15

S.Awayproposedbythestructuralsemanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.Thisapproachbelievesthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents.17

T.Theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.12

U.Oneofthepropertiesofhumanlanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.11

V.Awaytotranscribespeechsoundswithletter-symbolsonly.13

W.Theyreflectgapsinalearner’sknowledgeofthetargetlanguage,notself-corrigible.16

X.Theyreflectoccasionallapsesinperformance.8

Ⅱ.Blank-filling.

Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.

1.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet.”Thisquotationisagoodillustrationofthea____natureoflanguage.Arbitrary

2.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistoryisasynchronicstudy;thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad____study.Diachronic

3.Chomskydefinesc____astheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.Competence

4.Intheproductionofvowelstheairstreamcomingfromthelungsmeetswithnoo____.Thismarkstheessentialdifferencebetweenvowelsandconsonants.Obstruction

5.Thedifferentphonesthatcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentphoneticenvironmentsarecalledthea____ofthephoneme.Allophone

6.Allophonesofthesamephonemecannotoccurinthesamephoneticenvironment.Theyaresaidtobeinc____distribution.Complementary

7.Whenpitch,stressandsoundlengtharetiedtothesentenceratherthanthewordinisolation,theyarecollectivelyknownasi____.Intonation

8.Them____unitofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.Minimum

9.I____morphemesareboundmorphemesthatareforthemostpartpurelygrammaticalmarkers,signifyingsuchconceptsastense,number,caseandsoon.Inflectional

10.Phrasesthatareformedofmorethanonewordusuallycontainthreeelements:

head,specifier,andc____.Complement

11.Concerningthestudyofmeaning,conceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticfor