初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案.docx
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初中英语语法宾语从句讲解专项练习及答案
初中英语语法宾语从句讲解
小口诀:
宾语从句三注意,时态语序引导词;主句一般现在时,从句不需受限制;
主句一般过去时,从句须用相应时;陈述转化that引,一般疑问用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词,引导词后陈述式。
一.基本讲解来源:
直接引语变间接引语
概念:
在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
Eg:
Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.
Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)
1.引导词
(1)that引导宾语从句时,通常用陈述句充当,that可省略。
Eg:
Shesaid,“Iwanttogothere”Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.
(2)whether或if引导的宾语从句,由一般疑问句/选择疑问句充当,陈述语序。
Eg:
“Areyouinterestedingeography?
”shesaid.
Sheaskedif/whetherIwasinterestedingeography.
Iwonderif/whethershehastoldthenewtoLiLei.
I’mnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.
注意:
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外
a.介词短语后只用whether不用if
eg:
Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepanic.
b.引导词与动词不定式或ornot连用时,只用whether.
eg:
Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime
c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,表示‘如果’,不能用whether.
Eg:
Ifyouwanttobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.
Whetheryoucansucceeddependsonhowmucheffortyoupay.
(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,不可省略,陈述句语序。
特殊疑问词为:
how,when,where,why,whichwhose.
E.g.‘Whatdoyouwant?
’Heasked.HeaskedmewhatIwanted.
Ihavenoideawhereheisnow.Idon’tknowhowtodealwithit.
Heaskedwhosehandwritingisthebestintheclass.
2.宾语从句时态
a.主句为一般现在时,从句不受主句的限制
eg:
Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?
I’msorrytohearthatyourfatherisill.
ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingnextweek.
Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.
b.当主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的相应某种时态
Shedidn’tknowwhytheboywaslateagain.(过去一般)
Ididn'tknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.(过去完成)
IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.(过去将来)
注意:
当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。
例如:
Eg:
Hesaid(thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.)
Theteachertoldus(seeingisbelieving.)
3.语序:
陈述语序,主+谓+其他
*whenwillyouleaveforBeijing?
(Couldyoupleasetellme)
CouldyoupleasetellmewhenyouwillleaveforBeijing?
*Hassheseenthemovie?
(Heasked.)
Heaskedifshehadseenthemovie.
*Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematter\wrongwithyou?
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。
它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。
宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。
现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
?
?
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
?
?
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
?
?
l在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。
?
?
例:
Idon’tthinkyouareright.(我认为你做的不对)
?
?
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
?
?
例:
Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
?
?
B,由连词if、whether引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。
Whether,if在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if可以替换。
?
?
例:
Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.
?
?
Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.
?
?
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
?
?
例:
Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney。
?
?
l宾语从句中有ornot时不用if引导.
?
?
例:
Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.
?
?
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
?
?
例:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
?
?
二,宾语从句的语序,
?
?
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
?
?
例:
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
?
?
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
?
?
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
三,宾语从句的时态。
?
?
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
?
?
既:
主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
?
?
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
?
?
例:
?
?
1)Shesaysthatsheisastudent.
?
?
Shesaidthatshewasastudent.
?
?
2)ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.
?
?
ShesaidthatshewouldflytoJapaninaweek.
?
?
3)Shesaysthatshehasfinishedherhomeworkalready.
?
?
Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.
?
?
4)ShesaysthatshecansingasonginEnglish.
?
?
ShesaidthatshecouldsingasonginEnglish.
?
?
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
?
?
例:
Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
?
?
HetoldmethatJapanisanislandcountry.
?
?
lCouldyoutellme…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
?
?
例:
CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHisturyMuseum?
?
?
注意事项:
?
?
※由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
?
?
例:
Shesaid:
“IhavebeentoEnglandbefore.”
?
?
ShesaidthatshehadbeentoEnglandbefore.
?
?
Sheaskedme:
“Doyoulikemaths?
”
?
?
SheaskedmeifIlikedmaths.
?
?
※宾语从句与简单句的交换。
?
?
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。
?
?
例:
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.
宾语从句专项习题
巩固练习
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________
A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
能力提高练习
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_____.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
11.Idon’tknow_____hewillbebackhome.
A.who B.what C.when D.where
12.Couldyoutellme___________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
13.Doyoustillremember_______?
A.thathesaid B.whathesaid C.didhesaythat D.whatdidhesay
14.Ican’tunderstand______theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
15.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
16.Theytriedtofindout______thenewtrain________.
A.howfar/hadgone B.howlong/hasgoneC.howfar/went D.howfar/hadrun
17.Themanagercameuptosee__________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.what’sthematter
18.Canyoutellme___________?
A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit
19.Heaskedhisfather_______.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen
20.Noonetellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit
直击中考
1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantell_______..
A.whenUFOswillappearnexttimeB.whydohorsesknowtheway
C.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.howdoelephantscommunicate
2.---WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?
----Sorry.Idon’tknow_______..
A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad
C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad
3.---MayIcomein?
I’msorryIamlate.
----Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_______.?
A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthen
C.whoyoutalkedwithD.howdoyoucometoschool
4.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______.?
----BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.
A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislike
C.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum
5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_______..
A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearethey
C.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone
6.---Doyouknow_______theCapitalMuseum?
---NextFriday.
A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisit
C.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited
7.Hewantedtoknow_______theEnglishparty.
A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhave
C.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave
8.Iwanttoknow_______..
A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairport
C.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat
9.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_______.?
----Heisadoctor.
A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis
11.---Iwonder_______.withoutwater----Aboutaweek.
A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanlive
C.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive
宾语从句巩固练习参考答案
1.参考答案D你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗?
宾语从句用陈述语序。
2.参考答案D宾语从句用陈述语序,where作从句的宾语。
3.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序,where表示地点。
4.参考答案Aif表示选择,我想你是否将喜欢他。
5.参考答案B有ornot,所以用whether.
6.参考答案C宾语从句用陈述语序.
7.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序,who作从句的宾语。
8.参考答案Awhose是所有格,所以后面要有一个名词,整体做从句的宾语。
9.参考答案A宾语从句用陈述语序。
10.参考答案D主句是过去时,从句也要用过去相应的时态,医生问我之前我已经病了,所以用过去完成时态。
11.参考答案Cif连接
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