名词性从句解释及练习很好的.docx
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名词性从句解释及练习很好的.docx
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名词性从句解释及练习很好的
-名词性从句
一、概念
根据名词性从句在句子中的成分,名词性从句共有四种,分别是主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句的关联词有连接词that,if,whether,不充当名词性从句中的任何成分;连接代词who,whom,what,which,whose在名词性从句中担任如主语、表语、宾语、定语成分;连接副词when,where,why,how,在名词性从句中作状语。
注意:
连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句,因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。
连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分,连接词whether和if(是否),asif(好像)在从句中不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。
根据句义,如果连接代词与连接副词,whether、if和asif都用不上时,才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
二、规则列举:
(一)主语从句
主语从句在整个句子中做主语。
它可以放在主句谓语动词之前,也可由it作形式主语,而把主语从句放在主句之后。
引导主语从句的词有连词that,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等。
ThatJimCorriganiscapableofhisworkisknowntoall.
WhetherheisadmittedintoCambridgeornotisstillamystery.
Whoofferedtohelpusmadenodifference.
Whattheydidmadetheemperorratherangry.
Whichathletewillattendtheopeningceremonyisstillunknown.
Whenthesportsmeetingwillbeheldisunderdiscussion.
Wheretheyaregoingisnotknownyet.
Howthisaccidenthappenedisnotclear.
WhyMichelangeloturneddowntheinvitationwasn’tquiteclear.
1、It作形式主语引导的主语从句
(1)It+be+noun+主语从句
(apity,ashame,afact,commonknowledge,goodnews,nowonder…)
Itisapitythatyoudidn’tcome.
Itisaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.
Itisnowonderthathewonthefirstprize.
(2)It+be+adj.+主语从句
(likely,wonderful,nice,possible…*important,necessary,essential,strange,natural…)Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthegame.
Itisstrangethathesaidnothingtouswhenhemetusonthewayhome.
Itisnecessarythatwe(should)learnaforeignlanguage.
Itisstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.
(3)It+be+p.p.+主语从句
(said,reported,believed,ordered,suggested,decided,known,found,pointedout…)
Itissaidthathishousewasbrokeninlastweek.
Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthechampionship.
Itisreportedthat81%oftheemployeesaredissatisfiedwiththeirpay.
(4)It+Vi+主语从句(seem,appear,happen,turnout,matter…)Itseemedthathehadgotthefirstprize.
Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouagreeornot.
2、主语从句中谓语动词的单复数问题
Thatheisanactorisknowntousall.
Whatweneediswater.
Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.
Whatweneedaremorebooks.
3、其他注意点
(1)that的问题
that在主语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只是单纯的连接词,但是通常不可以省略。
主语从句置于句首时,that绝对不可以省略。
Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.
Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.
(2)if的问题
if不能用在主语从句中,而是用whether
Whetherhehasleft(ornot)isunknown
(二)表语从句
表语从句出现在系动词后,充当句子中的表语。
由that引导,起引导作用的that有时可省略。
表语从句的连接词还有whether,asif;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,why,how等。
Thefactis(that)nobodylikesit.
Thequestioniswhetherhewillaccepttheoffer.Theproblemiswhoiswillingtoundertakethetask.
1、用as,asif/asthough引导的表语从句(*表语从句不用if引导)Itlooksasifitis/weregoingtorain.Helookedasifhewas/weregoingtocry.Thingswerenotastheyseemedtobe.2、用because引导的表语从句It/This/Thatisbecause…Itisbecauseyouaredoingtoomuch.Thatisbecauseheisseriouslyill.3、系动词为appear,look,seem的两个常用句型
Itseems/appearsthat….:
Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough……
4、主语为reason的表语从句,只能用that引导,不用because,why引导。
Thereason(why/forwhich…)isthat…:
Thereasonforhisabsenceisthathehasbeenbadlyinjured.OnereasonwhyHamletissuchasuccessfulplayisthatitappealstomanydifferentpeople.
(三)宾语从句
宾语从句在及物动词,形容词和介词后,做其宾语。
引导宾语从句的连接词有连词that,whether,if;连接代词who,whose,what,which;连接副词when,where,why,how等。
Iaskedwhenwewouldgo.(动词宾语)Theyaresurprisedatwhathesaid.(介词宾语)Werantothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadjustleft.(不定式宾语)Notrealizingwhathadhappened,shewastotallyataloss.(分词宾语)Themotherlikessayingthatshehasagoodson.(动名词宾语)
Iamsurethathewillbeathisrival.(形容词宾语)
1、宾语从句中的时态问题
宾语从句中的时态与主句中谓语动词的时态相呼应,但若宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外,始终用一般现在时。
Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.2、whether和if的问题
(1)引导宾语从句,可互换,均表示“是否”;或在“be+形容词”之后。
Iamnotsurewhether/ifhewillcome.
Iwonderwhether/ifthenewsistrueornot.
(2)只用whether的情况A.在主语从句中:
Whetherhecomestothepartyhasn’tbeenknownyet.Whethertheyagreetotheplanisn’tclear.
*It为形式主语时,则whether,if都能引导主语从句:
Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifshewillattendthemeeting.B.在表语从句中:
Thequestioniswhetheryouhavetimetodothework.Thequestioniswhetherthenovelisworthreading.
C.在同位语从句中:
Wehadnoideawhetherhehadgonetowork.Thenewswhetherourteamhaswonthematchisunknown.
D.在不定式前:
Shestilldoesn’tknowwhethertogoornot.
E.在介词后(介词往往可省略):
Italldepends(on)whethertheywillsupportus.Itdependsonwhetheryouhavetimetoreadthebooks.F.在ornot前:
Wedidn’tknowwhetherornotshewasready.
G.用if有歧义时:
Pleasetellmeifyouwantthebook.如果你要这本书,请告诉我。
/请告诉我你是否要这本书。
Pleasetellmewhetheryouwantthebook.请告诉我你是否要这本书。
(3)用if的情况
A.在条件状语从句中:
Ifitrains,wewillstayathome.B.如宾语从句是否定时,一般用if引导Icareifhewillnotattendthemeeting.Idon’tcareifitdoesn’train.
C.区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句
Idon’tknowifhewillcome.
Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow.(4)doubt后接宾语从句时whether,if,that的用法A.主句为肯定,whether,if皆可:
Idoubtwhether/ifheishonest.我怀疑他是否诚实。
B.主句为否定或疑问,用that:
Idon’tdoubtthatheishonest.我相信他是诚实的。
Doyoudoubtthatheishonest?
你对他的诚实感到怀疑吗?
C.主句为肯定句时用that,表“认为未必可能”:
Idoubtthatheishonest.我认为他未必诚实。
3、当宾语从句后带宾补时,要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that-clause,that不可省略
Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.
Ithoughtitimportantthatweshouldstudyhard.Healwaystakesitforgrantedthathecanachievealotwithoutmakinganyeffort.Wefinditnecessarythatwe(should)practiceEnglisheveryday.
4、宾语从句中否定转移的问题
A、当主句主语为I,we,主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表看法的动词,且从句为否定义时,从句中谓语动词的否定词转移至主句谓语处。
Idon’tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?
Idon’tthinkyouareright,areyou?
*Ididn’tsayhewouldcome,didI?
B、hope无否定转移。
5、that在宾语从句中的省略问题。
一般情况下,that可省略,但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时,仅可省略第一个连词that,后面的that不能省。
Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn’thungry.
6、宾语从句种的语序问题
宾语从句中用陈述句语序:
HewantstoknowwhatIdidlastnight.
Idon’tknowwhocleanedtheroom.*Heaskedwhatwasthematterwithyou./*Heaskedwhatwasthetroublewithyou.*Heaskedwhatwaswrongwithyou./*Heaskedwhatwasupwithyou.
(四)同位语从句
在句子中作某些名词的同位语,对前面的名词的内容作进一步说明或解释。
用在fact,news,idea,hope,belief,thought,doubt,truth,order,suggestion,word,conclusion,problem,question,evidence,opinion,reason,possibility等名词之后。
连接词用that,不用which。
有时用连接副词how,when,where,why,whether,连接代词what引导同位语从句。
Thefactthathediedshouldn’tbeforgotten.
Sheaskedthereasonwhytherewasadelay.Theproblemwhetherthematerialcanbeusedhasn’tbeensolved.Ihadnoideawhatasuccessfulwomanshewas.
1、同位语从句的位置
A.紧跟在被说明的名词后
Thereisnodoubtthathewillcome.Thefactthatyoutoldmealiesurprisedme.B.不紧跟在名词后Thestorygoesthathehaswonamilliondollars.
WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.
2、that引导的同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别:
同位语从句中that不可以省略,不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分,作宾语时可以省略
Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameisencouraging.
(同位语从句)
Weareinterestedinthenews(that)hetoldus.
Thenews(that)hetoldusisencouraging.(定语从句)
3、when,where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别:
在定语从句中,when,where前分别有表示时间、地点的先行词;而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.(同位语从句)
Finallycamethedaythathehadtobeginhisstudyforthenextterm.(同位语从句)
Goandgetyourcoat.It’sintheplacewhereyouleftit.(定语从句)ThedaywhenChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.(定语从句)
(五)其他注意点1、疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句,而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句
NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.=WhereverIgo,myheartistowardsChina.
Whateverhesays,Iwillbelievehim.=Nomatterwhathesays,Iwillbelievehim.(∨)Ibelievewhateverhesays.(×)Ibelievenomatterwhathesays.
2、who与whoever的区别
who是“谁”的意思,表示具有疑问,whoever相当于anyonewho“无论谁”
Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?
3、当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,引导词通常用what,也常用allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)that
Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.
TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.4、区分it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型Itis/was+被强调部分+that,去掉Itis/was…that,句子仍然成立。
但It为形式主语的主语从句不行。
Itisonlylatelythathehashadafamilyhimself.
Whatwasitthathewanted?
Idon’tknowwhatitwasthathewanted.
Itwasinthehotelwherehestayedthatwediscussedtheseriousproblem.(强调句)Itisnaturalthatthey(should)havedifferentviews.(主语从句)
5、it作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句的不同
Itisknowntoallthattheearthisround.
Asisknowntoall/Asweallknow,theearthisround.
三、配套练习题
A基础过关
1.____hedoesatthenewsconferencehasnothingtodowithhispartners.
A.whatever B.Nomatterwhat C.That D.If
2. Thechiefengineercameoverandaskedthestaffinvolvedintheriothow____.
A.didthequarrelcameabout B.thequarrelhadcomeabout
C.hadthequarrelcomeabout D.hadthequarrelcomeabout
3. Asisknowntoall,energyis____makesthingswork.
A.whatB.somethingC.anything D.that
4. Informationhasbeenputforward____moreemployeeswillbelaidoffbecauseofthecurrenteconomiccrisis.
A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
5. Thisis___theShenzhouVIISpaceshiplanded.
A.there B.inwhich C.where D.when
6. Theyhavenoideaatall____.
A.wherethepreciousstonehasgone
B.wheredidthepreciousstonego
C.whichplacehasthepreciousstonegone
D.wherehasthepreciousstonegone
7. Thewell-knownsurgeondidalottoreducethepatient’s
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