英语四级阅读精编.docx
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英语四级阅读精编.docx
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英语四级阅读精编
第一篇 人文篇passage1
Passage1建议用时:
8分钟From:
To:
WhenonelooksbackuponthefifteenhundredyearsthatarethelifespanoftheEnglishlanguage,heshouldbeabletonoticeanumberofsignificanttruths.Thehistoryofourlanguagehasalwaysbeenahistoryofconstantchange—attimesaslow,almostimperceptiblechange,atothertimesaviolentcollisionbetweentwolanguages.Ourlanguagehasalwaysbeenalivinggrowingorganism,ithasneverbeenstatic.Anothersignificanttruththatemergesfromsuchastudyisthatlanguageatalltimeshasbeenthepossessionnotofoneclassorgroupbutofmany.『Atoneextremeithasbeenthepropertyofthecommon,ignorantfolk,whohaveuseditinthedailybusinessoftheirliving,muchastheyhaveusedtheiranimalsorthekitchenpotsandpans.』①Attheotherextremeithasbeenthetreasureofthosewhohaverespecteditasaninstrumentandasignofcivilization,andwhohavestruggledbywritingitdowntogiveitsomepermanence,order,dignity,andifpossible,alittlebeauty.
Asweconsiderourchanginglanguage,weshouldnoteheretwodevelopmentsthatareofspecialandimmediateimportancetous.OneisthatsincethetimeoftheAnglo-Saxonstherehasbeenanalmostcompletereversalofthedifferentdevicesforshowingtherelationshipofwordsinasentence.Anglo-Saxon(oldEnglish)wasalanguageofmanyinflections.ModernEnglishhasfewinflections.Wemustnowdependlargelyonwordorderandfunctionwordstoconveythemeaningsthattheolderlanguagedidbymeansofchangesintheformsofwords.Functionwords,youshouldunderstand,arewordssuchasprepositions,conjunctions,andafewothersthatareusedprimarilytoshowrelationshipsamongotherwords.Afewinflections,however,havesurvived.Andwhensomewordinflectionscomeintoconflictwithwordorder,theremaybetroublefortheusersofthelanguage,asweshallseelaterwhenweturnourattentiontosuchmatersasWHOorWHOMandMEorI.Thesecondfactwemustconsideristhataslanguageitselfchanges,ourattitudestowardlanguageformschangealso.『Theeighteenthcentury,forexample,producedfromvarioussourcesatendencytofixthelanguageintopatternsnotalwayssetinandgrew,untilatthepresenttimethereisastrongtendencytorestudyandre-evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofthewaysinwhichpeoplespeakandwrite.』②
1.Incontrasttotheearlierlinguists,modernlinguiststendto.
A.attempttocontinuethestandardizationofthelanguage
B.evaluatelanguagepracticesintermsofcurrentspeechratherthanstandardsorproperpatterns
C.bemoreconcernedabouttheimprovementofthelanguagethanitsanalysisorhistory
D.bemoreawareoftherulesofthelanguageusage
2.Choosetheappropriatemeaningfortheword“inflection”usedinline4ofparagraph2.
A.Changesintheformsofwords.
B.Changesinsentencestructures.
C.Changesinspellingrules.
D.Wordsthathavesimilarmeanings.
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnotmentionedinthepassage?
A.Itisgenerallybelievedthattheyear1500canbesetasthebeginningofthemodernEnglishlanguage.
B.SomeotherlanguageshadgreatinfluenceontheEnglishlanguageatsomestagesofitsdevelopment.
C.TheEnglishlanguagehasbeenandstillinastateofrelativelyconstantchange.
D.ManyclassesorgroupshavecontributedtothedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.
4.Theauthoroftheseparagraphsisprobablya(an).
A.historianB.philosopher
C.anthropologistD.linguist
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbebestusedasthetitleofthepassage?
A.ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage.
B.OurchangingattitudetowardstheEnglishlanguage.
C.Ourchanginglanguage.
D.SomecharacteristicsofmodernEnglish.
Vocabulary1.spann.跨度,范围,一段时间,期间2.imperceptibleadj.感觉不到的,觉察不到的,极细微的3.organismn.生物体,有机体4.possessionn.拥有,占有,领土,领地5.ignorantadj.无知的6.folkn.人们,民族7.permanencen.永久,持久8.Anglo-Saxonsn.盎格鲁—撒克逊语,盎格鲁—撒克逊人,地道的英国人9.reversaln.颠倒,反向,逆转10.inflectionn.词尾变化11.prepositionn.前置词,介词12.conjunctionn.联合,关联,连接词13.intermsof根据,按照,用……的话,在……方面
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述英语演变过程的一些特点,指出了古英语与现代英语的不同,以及语言学家对待语言形式的态度的变化。
1.B细节题。
2.A词汇题。
3.A细节题。
4.D词汇题。
A答案(历史学家)和C答案(人类学家)也可以有点迷惑性。
B答案(哲学家)是最不符合的。
5.C主旨题。
第一篇 人文篇Passage
Passage2建议用时:
6.5分钟From:
To:
Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.『Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:
language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.』①Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.
Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.
Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.
Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:
patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.
B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.
C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.
D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.
2.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi.
A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround
B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s
C.showsthereverseofglobalization
D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences
3.Thetwoschoolsofthought.
A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures
B.bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries
C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld
D.BothAandB
4.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose.
A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity
B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture
C.whowanttotravelabroad
D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale
5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies.
A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas
B.allhavethequalityofpatience
C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures
D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization
Vocabulary
1.dynamicadj.动态的2.variablen.变量3.aestheticsn.美学4.factualadj.事实的5.interpretativeadj.解释的6.convergev.聚合7.transplantv.移植8.myopian.近视9.adversaryn.对手
答案与详解
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响,文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。
1.C推断题。
2.A细节题。
3.C推断题。
4.D主旨题。
5.B细节题。
第一篇 人文篇Passage3
Passage3建议用时:
7.5分钟From:
To:
Asregardssocialconventions,wemustsayawordaboutthewell-knownEnglishclasssystem.『ThisisanembarrassingsubjectforEnglishpeople,andonetheytendtobeashamedof,thoughduringthepresentcenturyclass-consciousnesshasgrownlessandless,andtheclasssystemlessrigid.』①Butitstillexistsbelowthesurface.Broadlyspeaking,itmeanstherearetwoclasses,the“middleclass”andthe“workingclass”.(Weshallignoreforamomenttheold“upperclass”,includingthehereditaryaristocracy,sinceitisextremelysmallinnumbers;butsomeofitsmembershavetherighttositintheHouseofLords,andsomenewspaperstakeasurprisinginterestintheirprivatelife.)Themiddleclassconsistschieflyofwell-to-dobusinessmenandprofessionalpeopleofallkinds.Theworkingclassconsistschieflyofmanualandunskilledworkers.
Themostobviousdifferencebetweenthemisintheiraccent.Middle-classpeopleuseslightlyvaryingkindsof“receivedpronunciation”whichisthekindofEnglishspokenbyBBCannouncersandtaughttooverseaspupils.Typicalworking-classpeoplespeakinmanydifferentlocalaccentswhicharegenerallyfelttoberatheruglyanduneducated.OneofthebiggestbarriersofsocialequalityinEnglandisthetwo-classeducationsystem.Tohavebeentoaso-called“publicschool”immediatelymarksyououtasoneofthemiddleclass.Themiddleclassestendtoliveamoreformallifethanworking-classpeople,andareusuallymorecultured.Theirmiddaymealis“lunch”andtheyhavearatherformaleveningmealcalled“dinner”,whereastheworkingman’sdinner,ifhisworkinghourspermit,isatmidday,andhissmaller,late-eveningmealiscalledsupper.
Aswehavesaid,however,theclasssystemismuchlessrigidthanitwas,andforalongtimeithasbeengovernmentpolicytoreduceclassdistin
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