四级模拟7.docx
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四级模拟7.docx
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四级模拟7
PartIWriting(30minutes)
1.人们每天都生活在压力之下
2.所以说保持一个好的心情是十分重要的
3.我的观点和原因
PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
GulfWrackedByKatrina'sLatestLegacy-Disease,Poisons,Mold
AmonthafterHurricaneKatrinatorethroughtheU.S.GulfCoast,medicalexpertsarenowstrugglingwiththelatestcrisisintheregion;contamination(污染).
KatrinaleftNewOrleansandothercommunitiestaintedwithoil,sewage,andpossiblypoisonsleachedfromfederaltoxicwastesites,theU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)says.
Thepollution,combinedwiththelackofregularmedicalservicesintheregion,hasraisedseriousquestionsaboutthesafetyofNewOrleansandothercoastaltownsaspeoplelongingforhomebegintogoback.
"Idon'tthinkNewOrleansissafeforpeopletoreturnto,fromapublichealthandenvironmentalhealthstandpoint,"saidMiriamAschkenasy,anenvironmentalhealthexpertworkingwithOxfamAmericaintheregion.
Muchofthecontaminationrestsinthebrown,filmysediment(沉淀物)leftbehindbyKatrina'spollutedfloodwaters.
RecentEPAtestsofthesedimentconfirmedhighlevelsofE.colibacteria,oilandgaschemicals,andlead,aswellasvaryingquantitiesofarsenic.
Thehealthrisksposedbythesedimentareimmediate,expertssay,becausethesludge(淤泥)isnearlyimpossibleforreturningresidentstoavoid.InNewOrleans,itcoverseverysurfacethatwasflooded,fromcarsandnow-deadlawnstotheentirecontentsoffloodedhomes,stores,hospitals,andschools.
"Whenpeoplecomeback,theyareexposedtothesediment,"saidWilmaSubra,achemistfromNewIberia,Louisiana,whoisanalyzingthesediment."It'sintheiryardsandhouses."
OldPollutionResurfacing
PlaqueminesParish,aruralcountyonthepeninsulasouthofNewOrleans,isnowcoveredwithevenmoretoxicsedimentthanitwastwoweeksago,thankstoHurricaneRita.
"Sixinchesuptoonefoot(15to30centimeters)ofsludge,"Subrareported.
MuchofthesludgeinPlaqueminesistheproductofnearbybayousandbaybottoms,wheresedimentwasliftedupbyKatrina'sandRita'sstormsurges.
Thesedimenthasbeenpollutedovertheyearswithindustrialchemicalsandheavymetals,saidSubra,whotestedthesedimentfortheSouthernMutualHelpAssociation,anonprofitorganizationinNewIberia,Louisiana.
"Thesewaterbodieshavereceivedindustrialwastesfordecades,"shesaid."Thismaterialhastoxicchemicals,metals,andorganicpetrochemicals(石化产品)."
MattershaveonlybeenmadeworsebymultipleoilspillscausedbyKatrinaandRita.AccordingtotheU.S.CoastGuard,11oilspillshaveoccurredinsouthernLouisiana,totaling7.4milliongallons(28millionliters)ofoil,mostofwhichhasbeencontained.
BacterialevelsarealsoespeciallyhighinthePlaqueminessludge,saidRodneyMallett,spokespersonfortheLouisianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality.
"Thesewagetreatmentplantswereunderwater,"heexplained."Betweentheanimalwasteandthehumanwaste,you'vegotalotofbacteria."
ProtectionKits
Healthandenvironmentalagenciesareadvisingpeopletoavoidcontactwiththesludge.Theyrecommendthatpeopleweargloves,goggles,anddustmasks,andthattheywashpromptlyifexposureoccurs.
EPAofficialsaredirectingpeopletoitsWebsite(www.epa.gov)toinformthemselvesofthecontaminationrisks.
Butmostpeoplereturningtotheareadon'thavecomputerstogetthatinformation,saidErikOlson,anattorneyfortheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,anenvironmentaladvocacygroup.
"Ifyou[do]readtheWebsite,"headded,"youpracticallyhavetohaveadegreeinchemistrytounderstandit."
Tobetterinformpeopleofhealthrisks,theSouthernMutualHelpAssociationandOxfamAmericaaredevelopingaprogramtogiveeveryreturningresidentaprotectivekit.
Eachkitwouldcontainwaterproofsuits,goggles(风镜),shoecovers,andmasks,alongwithinformationaboutpotentialhazards,Volunteerswouldgiveoutthekitsatthesecuritycheckpointsthatnowstandatthemajorentrancestoaffectedcities.
Thegroupshavemadeahundreddemonstrationkits,whichcostabout$100(U.S.)eachtoproduce,andhaveshownthemtostateleadersinLouisiana.
"Thegovernorisreallyinfavorofthis,"Subrasaid."Wejusthavetodeterminehowwe'regoingtofundthem."
ToxicMoldBlooms
Inadditiontothetoxicsediment,sprawlingbloomsofmoldhavenowtakenholdinmanyfloodedhomes."Themoldisgrowingeverywhere-homesarejustcoatedwithit,"Subrasaid.
TheproblemhasbecomesowidespreadthatfederalhealthofficialswarnedWednesdayofallergicreactionsandtoxicresponsestothemold.Professionalsshouldbehiredtocleanmoldthatcoversmorethantensquarefeet(onesquaremeter),theyurged.
"Those[surfaces]thatcan'tbecleanedneedtoberemoved,"saidStevenRedd,chiefoftheAirPollutionandRespiratoryHealthBranchoftheU.S.CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).
TheeffectsofthemoldarealreadysurfacinginMississippi,whererespiratory(呼吸的)problemsareamongtheillnessesdoctorstherearereporting.
"We'reseeingalotofasthmafrominhalingthemold,"saidRichardPaat,teamleaderofatemporaryEastBiloxiclinic."Andmouthsoresfromthebadwater."
Duetocontactwithuncleanwater,33peopleinthefloodzonehavecontractedVibrioinfections,accordingtotheCDC.Theinfectionsarecausedbyafamilyofbacteriathatliveincontaminatedsaltwater.Theycancauseseriousillness,especiallyinpeoplewithcompromisedimmunesystems.
Todate,sixpeoplehavediedfromVibrioinfections.
"Peoplehadopenwoundandwalkedthroughfloodwaterwithsewageinit,"CDCspokespersonVonRoebucksaid."AndthesefolkswerehavingthesewoundsinfectedwithVibrio."
DisasterResponseCare
"Thisisahighlycontaminatedarea,"saidSusanBriggs,thephysicianoverseeingFEMA'sdisaster-responsemedicalteamsinLouisianaandAlabama.
HerteamshavebeeninoculatingresidentsfortetanusandHepatitisAandB.Hepatitisisadangerwhenpeopleareexposedtosewage,throughwaterorfood,Briggsexplained.Tetanuscanoccurwhenpeoplecutthemselvesonuncleanmaterials,asmayhappenwhencleaningdebris.
Therudimentary(根本的)livingconditionsinmanyKatrina-struckareasmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewillgetsickandinjured,Briggssaid.
"Theyhavenoelectricity,nocleanwater,noairconditioning,"shesaid."Therearecollapsedstructuresandstrayanimals.Therearehugeamountsofstraydogs,andpeoplehavebeenbitten."
Briggsandotherdoctorsintheareahavebeentreatingmanycasesofdiarrhea,rashes,andupper-respiratoryillnesses.
Alloftheseconditionsaretobeexpectedafternaturaldisasters,accordingtotheCDC.Butit'stoosoontoknowiftheseailmentsarerelatedtocontamination,theCDC'sRoebucksaid.
"We'relookingatthatquestion,"hesaid."We'dliketoknowtheanswer."
1.ThepassagegivesadescriptionofthecontaminationinNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrina.
2.KatrinaleftNewOrleansandothercommunitiestaintedwithoilandsewage.
3.PlaqueminesParishisnowcoveredwithevenmoretoxicsedimentthatitwastwoweeksago.
4.Peoplearebeingadvisedtoavoidcontactwiththesludgebyhealthandenvironmentalagencies.
5.TheSouthernMutualHelpAssociationandOxfamAmericaaredevelopingaprogramtoselleveryreturningresidentaprotectivekit.
6.TheconditionsinNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrinaisspecial.
7.Inadditiontothetoxicsediment,sprawlingbloomsofmoldhavenowtakenholdinmanyfloodedhomes,anditisgrowingeverywhere.
8.Todate,sixpeoplehavediedfrom?
________.
9.TherudimentarylivingconditionsinmanyKatrina-struckareasmakeitmorelikelythatpeoplewillget________.
10.Alloftheseconditionsaretobeexpectedafter________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)(略)
PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)
SectionA
Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Haveyoueverbeenafraidtotalkbackwhenyouweretreated____47___?
Haveyoueverboughtsomethingjustbecausethesalesmantalkedyouintoit?
Areyouafraidtoasksomeoneforadate.
Manypeopleareafraidtoassert(表现)themselves.Dr.Albertithinksit'sbecausetheirself-respectislow."Ourwhole____48___isdesignedtomakepeopledistrustthemselves,"saysAlberti."There'salways'____49___'around-aparent,ateacher,aboss-who'knowsbetter'.Thesesuperiorsoftengainwhentheychip(削弱)awayatyourself-image."
ButAlbertiandotherscientistsaredoingsomethingtohelppeople____50___themselves.They____51___"assertivenesstraining"courses-Atforshort.IntheATcoursespeoplelearnthattheyhavearighttobethemselves.Theylearntospeakoutandfeelgoodaboutdoingso.Theylearntobemore____52___withouthurtingotherpeople.
Inoneway.learningtospeakoutisto____53___fear.Agrouptakingacoursewillhelpthetimidpersontolosehisfear.ButATusesanevenstronger____54___-theneedtoshare.Thetimidpersonspeaksoutinthegroupbecausehewantstotellhowhefeels.
Whetherornotyouspeakupforyourselfdependsonyourself-image.Ifsomeoneyoufaceismore"important"thanyou,youmayfeellessofaperson.Youstartto____55___yourowngoodsense.
Yougobytheotherperson's____56___.But,whyshouldyou?
ATsaysyoucangettofeelgoodaboutyourself.Andonceyoudo,youcanlearntospeakout.
[A]doubt[I]peace[B]active[J]demand[C]system[K]
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