商业伦理案例分析En.doc
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商业伦理案例分析En.doc
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Ethicaltheoryanditsapplicationtothecasestudy:
TheAutoCompaniesinChina
IsitrightthatcarcompaniesestablishfactoriesinChinaanddevelopitsautomobileindustry?
It'shardtosay,thedevelopmentofautomobileindustryatthesametimebringtheenergymoreloss.Everycoinhasitstwosides,whichisright?
Letusanalysisitfromtheethicalperspective:
theyare:
Utilitarianism,Kantiandeontology,justice,rightandEthicalRelativism.
Utilitarianism
Firstly,whatisUtilitarianism?
Anactionisrightifitleadstothegreatestpossiblebalanceofgoodconsequencesforeveryoneaffectedbytheaction.Whetheranyone(A)hasdonewhatisrightdependsonhowgoodorbadtheconsequencesofA’sactionsareforeveryoneaffected.Thus,howAisaffectedisrelevant;butsoishowothersareaffected.One’sgoodisasworthwhileaseveryperson,thisitnotegoisticoraltruisticbutuniversalistic.Utilitarianismaimsatmaximizingthegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber.Buthowtodoit?
Maybewecanassessalltheconsequencesonallthoseaffectedbytheaction/decisioninthelong&shortterm,valuingeachpersonequally.Butweshouldrememberthemottothatendsjustifiesthemeans.Afterwefinishthatwecouldgettheresultthatitguidespeople’sactionstoproducingabetterworld.
Intheutilitarianview,carcompanieshelpChinatoexpandautomobileindustryiswrong.Although,automobilecompanies'measuresweretodevelopChina'sautomarketandthecarfactory,alsoitcausedcarsalespromotion,andthetechnologyismoreskilled,itcausedinnovation,itpulledthecountry'seconomicdevelopment.Atthesametimeitpromotedtheemployment.But,thisisrelativeinChina,relativetotheautoindustryasmallbranch.Althoughthecarcompany'smotiveandmeansarecorrect,butintheutilitarianview,thedevelopmentofChina'sautomotiveindustrywillleadtothefuelshortageandbeinshortsupply,andpricesrise,breakingsupplybalance.Thisledtoaglobalproblem,sothat"thegreatesthappinessvaluereduced".Andthedecreaseofthebiggesthappinessistheevil.Obviously,fromthisperspective,thecarcompanieswerewrong.
Kantiandeontology
Kantemphasizedthewayinwhichmorallifeiscenteredonduty.Ethicsisallaboutwhatdutiestheyare,howwecanfindoutwhattheyareandwhywemustobeythem.Actually,whenreasonsguidethewill,onecanactfrom“duty”.Reasonisthesameforallindividuals;thereforemoralityhasanobjectivebasis.itbecauseourfunctionistoberationalagents.Happinessisnotthehighestgood.
FromKantiandeontology,wecansee,thisisatheorythatiscompletelyoppositeutilitarianvalue.Fromthisperspective,thecarcompaniesestablishedfactoriesinChina,tohelpthedevelopmentofautomobileindustry,isakindofmoral,notdopinganyinterestvalue,notconsideringtheinfluenceofChinaandtheworld,butindoingone'sduty.Itisakindofgoodthatwillpromote,thiskindofgoodwillnotdependonjoyorsadnesstojudgethegoodorbad.WithcarcompanieshelpingChina,Chinahastheadvancedautomobilemanufacturingtechnology,thisisgood.Sofromthispointofview,thecarcompaniesareactuallyright.Theyallcametotheirobligation,theypassedtheirtechnologyandexperiencestoothers,withoutconsideringotherexternalfactors,thisisgood,andthisisfortheirowngood.Butifthecarcompanyjusttook,didnotperformthecorrespondingresponsibility,anddidnotpayattentiontotheother,andthatiswrong,itcannotstandthetestofKantiandeontology.
Justice
Thejusticeviewconsidersethicalbehaviorasthatwhichisimpartialandfairintreatingpeopleaccordingtoguidingrulesandstandards.Justicehasfivetypes:
CompensatoryJustice,RetributiveJustice,ProceduralJustice,CommutativeJusticeandDistributiveJustice.CompensatoryJusticemeanscompensationshouldbeproportionaltoharmforthepast.AndRetributiveJusticeistoimpositionofpunishmentsandpenaltiesonwrongdoers,bothcorporationsandindividuals.ProceduralJusticeneedfairdecisionprocedures,practicesoragreements.CommutativeJusticecanfunctionintransactions.LastDistributiveJusticemeansfairdistributionofsociety’sbenefitsandburdens.
Fromthepointofviewofjustice,thecarcompanies'helpforChinaisunreasonable.Becauseitdoesn’tdependonthetheoryofjusticeequalityprincipleofdistribution.ThegrowthofChina'sautomotiveindustrycertainlywilldrivethefuelpricepromotionandenergyshortage;itaffectsthenormaloperationofotherareas.Residents’dailylifewillbeshortoffuel,theshortageofothercountriesindustrialenergy,itseriouslyaffectsthefairdistribution,anditwasalsofarfromthejustice.Althoughthetheoryofjusticealsomentionthat"ifnotjustice,unlesstheaveragedistributionofonekindofvalueorallone
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