英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx
- 文档编号:7347255
- 上传时间:2023-01-23
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:6
- 大小:21.01KB
英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx
《英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall.docx(6页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
英文昆虫馆解说词CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall
CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall
Hi,everyone,welcometoInsectMuseumofNorthwestA&FUniversity.I’myourguideXXX.Ourmuseumisthefirstnationalinsectmuseum,andwasbuiltin1987.Now,ithasbecomethebiggestintheworld.Themuseumholdsfourexhibitionhalls:
‘insect’slife’,‘insect’sfamily’,‘Insectandhuman’,‘ProfessorChouIO.’
Thepictureinfrontofusshowsustheancienthistoryofinsects,whichstartedfromDevonianperiod,350,000,000yearsago,nearly100,000,000yearsearlierthantheappearanceofdinosaur.Herewehaveafossilofdragonfly,whichisaverygoodproofofinsect’slonghistory.
Allinsectsmusthave:
threebodyparts:
ahead,thorax,andabdomen;sixjointedlegs;twoantennaetosensetheworldaroundthem;anoutsideskeleton。
Ifallfourofthesethingsarenottrue,thentheanimalcan'tbecalledaninsect!
Centipedes,millipedes,scorpionsandspiders,aresometimestakenasinsectswrongly.Actuallytheyarenotinsectsbecausetheyhavemorethansixlegs.
Insect'sheadistheanteriorpartofanadultinsect.Itbearstheeyes(usuallyapairofcompoundeyes),theantennaeandthemouthparts.
Themostdistinguishingcharacteristicofaninsect'sheadisthemouthparts.Therearedifferenttypesofitbecauseofdifferentfunctions.
Themouthpartsofadultinsectscanbeofdifferenttypes:
chewingtype,forexampleingrasshoppersandbeetles;suckingmouthparts,whichshapelikestyletinbugsandaphidsorshapelikeacoiledtongueinbutterfliesandmoths.Thedifferenttypesofmouthpartsdeterminehowtheinsectfeeds.
Mostadultinsectshavetwocompoundeyes.Theyusuallyoccupyaconsiderableareaofthehead.Someinsectshave,besidethecompoundeyes,threesimpleeyesonthetopoftheirhead,whichareverydifferentfromourhumaneyes.Eachcompoundeyeconsistsofmanysix-facetedindependentsingleeyes.Itisbelievedthatthiseyesstructureisverysensitivetomovingobjects.Dragonfliesandprayingmantidsgreatlydependontheireyesight.
Fortheinsectslivingundergroundorinacompletedarkness,theymayhaveverysmalleyesorsomeevenhavenoeyesatall.
Herewehavesomemodelsofdifferentantennae.
Theyarelinear,pinnateorclubbed.
Aninsectobtainscrucialinformationaboutitssurroundingsbymeansofitsantennae,whichextendfromthefrontofthehead,usuallybetweenandslightlyabovetheinsect'seyes.Theantennae’sprimarilyfunctionistoprovideinsectswithasensitivesenseofsmell.Besides,antennaecanalsobeusedtofeelandtaste.
Adultinsectshave6legs,whicharesegmented.Oftenthelastsegmentofthelegbearsasmallclaw.Insomeinsects,thelegsarespeciallyadaptedforjumping.
Mostadultinsectshave2pairsofwings,butsome(forexampleflies)haveonly1pairofwings.Usuallythewingsaremembranousbutinsomeinsectstheycanbeleatheryorhard.Sometimesthewingsbearhairsorsmallscales.
Mostspeciesofinsectshavemalesandfemalesthatmateandreproducesexually.Howeversometypesofinsectscanreproducewithoutfertilizations,whicharecalledparthenogenesis.Mostinsectslayeggsinasuitableenvironment,butsomegivebirthtolivingyoung.
Nearlyallinsects’growthinvolvesametamorphosis,thatis,atransformationinformandinwayoflife.Therearetwotypesofmetamorphosistypicalofinsects:
incompletemetamorphosisandcompletemetamorphosis.
Incompletemetamorphosiscoversthreestages:
egg,nymph,adult.Cricketsandgrasshoppersareofthiskind.
Completemetamorphosiscoversfourstages:
Egg,larva,pupa(withinaprotectivecocoonorhardenedcase),adult.Itistypicalofbeetles,flies,moths,andwasps.
Soundmakingininsectsisachievedmostlybymechanicalactionofappendagesortheuseofwingmovement.Forgrasshoppersandcricketsthisisachievedbyrubbingbodypartstogether,whichiscalledstridulation.Cicadashavetheloudestsoundsamongtheinsects.
Mostsoundmakinginsectsalsohavetympanalorgansthatcanperceiveairbornesounds.
Socialinsects
Insectsdisplayawiderangeofbehaviors.Mostinsectsaresolitary,butsomeformorganizedsocieties.Themostfamiliarexamplesareants,bees,wasps,aswellastermites,allwithreproductivequeens,workersandsoldiers.
Insectmigrationhasbeenarecognizedphenomenon.PerhapsthebestknownandmoststudiedinsectmigrantistheMonarchbutterfly.
Thehabitatsofinsectsareverydiverse.Wecanjustaboutfindinsectsinallkindsofenvironment.
Someinsectsarevegetal;someareflesh-eaters,somecaustic,andsomepolyphagia.
Sinceinsectsaresmallinsize,theyareoftenvulnerabletomanybiganimals.Butinsectshavetheirowndefensestrategies,suchasmechanicaldefense,chemicaldefense,camouflage,mimicryandcolor.
Thebestwayforaninsecttohidefromsomethingthatwantstoeatit,orsneakuponitsdinner,istopretendtobesomethingelse!
So,lookinglikeastick,aleaf,oraflowerisveryuseful!
ThisisProfessorCHOUIO,whowastheforefounderofthemuseumandwasrenowndomesticandabroadforhiscontributiontoentomology.
Tomakeiteasierforustostudyinsectsofdifferentspecies,weusuallyclassifytheminto33differentcategories.Herewehavesamplesandpicturesoftypicalinsects.
Herewehavesomesamplesofmothsandbutterflies.Theyareconfusable.Solet’strytodistinguishthem.
1Themostobviousdifferenceisinthefeelers,orantennae.Mostbutterflieshavethinslenderfilamentousantennaewhichareclubshapedattheend.Moths,ontheotherhand,oftenhavecomb-likeorfeatheryantennae.
2Mothstendtohavestoutandhairyorfurry-lookingbodies,whilebutterflieshaveslenderandsmootherabdomens.
3Mothsusuallyrestwiththeirwingsspreadouttotheirsides.Butterfliesfrequentlyfoldtheirwingsabovetheirbackswhentheyareperched。
4Mostmothsarenocturnalorcrepuscularwhilemostbutterfliesarediurnal.
5Mostmothcaterpillarsspinacocoonmadeofsilkwithinwhichtheymetamorphoseintothepupalstage.Mostbutterfliesontheotherhandformanexposedpupawhichisalsotermedasachrysalis.
Herewehaveacollectionofbeautifulbutterflysamples.Theyarefromallovertheworld.AmongwhichMorphoHelenaisthemostbeautifulbutterflyintheworld,andthemostexpensiveonewhichamountsto360thousandYuan.Herewe’vegotChina’snationalbutterfly-Teinopalpusaureuswhichisconsideredthenationaltreasureasthepandais.ItisfoundmainlyinGuangxiandFujianprovinces.Theyhaveveryshortlifespanof3to5
days;thereforeitisrarerthanthepanda.
Thesebeautifulhandicraftsaremadeofbutterflywings.Themiddleonewiththeelegantladyismadeupofover5000butterflywings.That’sreallyamazing
Nowpleasefollowmetothesecondfloor.
Hereyoucanseethreepicturesmadeofwingsofbutterflies.Themiddleoneconsistedof7988well-knownBrazilianBlueMorphobutterflies.
Thethirdhall:
Theinsectandhumanbeing
Asweknow,theinsecthasbeeninexistenceforaverylongtimeanunavoidablybeeninvolvedinhumanlife.Thisrelationshipisverycomplex.Onofthereasonsledtoitscomplexityisthattheinsectseatavarietyoffoods.Someeatplants,someeatotherinsects,someareparasitictootheranimals’bodies,andsomeeattheputrefactionofthebiologicalorganisms.Ingeneral,therelationshipbetweenhumanandinsectsisdividedintotwoaspects:
oneisthathumankillsandcontrolstheharmfulinsects;theotherishumanexplorestheavailabilityofsomeinsectssoastoservethehuman.
Theinsectsarecloselyrelatedtothehumandiseases.Itisestimatedthat2/3epidemicdiseasesarespreadbyinsectswhicharecalledsanitaryinsectpests.Forinstance,fly,mosquito,bug,fleaandcootie.Thewell-knownBlackDiseaseprevailedinEuropeinthe14thcenturywerespreadbyfleas.
Alleconomicplantscultivatedbyhumanarethefoodofinsects.Thisshowstandtellsussomeinsectsofagricultureandforestry,suchasgrasshopper,stemborers,Americanwhitemoth,cottonbollworm,longhornbeetle,blackcutworm,importedcabbagewormandelater.Thelossmadebytheseinsectseachyearisastonishing;therefore,theyshouldbepreventedandcontrolled.Whenthecropsarestoredandtransportedaftertheharvest,theyareinvadedbythepestsaswell.Itisverycommonandseriousthattheinsectsresultintheheavylosstocropsworldwide.Soinordertoavoidtheepidemicdiseasesinlargescales,thequarantineofanimalsandplantsshouldbedonesoastoeliminatetheharmtohuman.
Nowwhatyoucanseeistheavailabilityofinsects.
Chinaranksfirstinraisingbeesaswellasproducingandexportingbeeproducts.Byvisitingflowers,beesserveasagentsofcross-pollination.Theyareofinestimableimportanceinthepollinationofcropsandinpollinationofthenaturalflora.Theiractivityisthusvital,notonlydirectlyforthehumanfoodsupply,butalsoforland,water,andanimalresources.Withoutcrosspollinationtheabundanceandvarietyoffoodandflowerswouldnotexist.
Silkinsects,about400to500species,aretheinsectscanproducecocoonwhichisusefultohuman.Butnowonly8to9speciesareemployedincommercialproduction.Forexample:
silkworm,tussah,cassahsilkworm,Japaneseoaksilkworm,mungasilkworm,Caligulajaponica,Attacusatlas,andailanthus.Amongwhich,thesilkwormhasalargescaleofproduction.
ItiswellknownthatsilkisfirstdiscoveredinChinaasoneofthebestmaterialsforclothing-ithasalookandfeelingofrichnessthatnoothermaterialscanmatch.However,veryfewpeopleknowwhenorwhereorhowitisdiscovered.Actually,itcoulddatebacktothe30thCentury
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英文 昆虫 解说词 CommentaryofInsectExhibitionHall
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)