英国文学期末考试复习提纲1.docx
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英国文学期末考试复习提纲1.docx
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英国文学期末考试复习提纲1
Terms:
Alexandrine亚历山大诗行:
Aniambichexameter六音部line__thatis,apoeticlineconsistingofsixiambicfeet.
Allegory寓言:
Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.
Alliteration头韵:
Therepetitionofsimilarsounds,usuallyconsonantsorconsonantclusters,inagroupofwords.Sometimesthetermislimitedtotherepetitionofinitialconsonantsounds.
Allusion典故:
Areferencetoaperson,aplace,anevent,oraliteraryworkthatawriterexpectsthereadertorecognizeandrespondto.
Analogy类比:
Acomparisonmadebetweentwothingstoshowthesimilaritiesbetweenthem.
Antagonist对手:
Apersonorforceopposingtheprotagonistinanarrative;arivaloftheheroorheroine.
Antithesis对照:
Thebalancingoftwocontrastingideas,words,phrases,orsentences.
Aside旁白:
Indrama,linesspokenbyacharacterinanundertoneordirectlytotheaudience.
Assonance元音:
Therepetitionofsimilarvowelsounds,especiallyinpoetry.
Aphorism警句:
Aconcise,pointedstatementexpressingawiseorcleverobservation.
Atmosphere:
Theprevailingmoodorfeelingofaliterarywork.
Autobiography:
Aperson’saccountofhisorherownlife.
Ballad:
Astorytoldinverseandusuallymeanttobesung.
Balladstanza:
Atypeoffour-linestanza.
Biography:
Adetailedaccountofaperson’slifewrittenbyanotherperson.
Blankverse:
Versewritteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
Caesura停顿:
Abreakorpauseinalineofpoetry.
Conceit:
Akindofmetaphorthatmakesacomparisonbetweentwostartlinglydifferentthings.
Conflict:
Astrugglebetweentwoopposingforceorcharactersinashortstory,novels,playornarrativepoem.
Connotation隐含意义:
Alltheemotionsandassociationsthatawordorphrasemayarouse.
Canto长诗中的篇:
Asectionordivisionofalongpoem.
Caricature:
Theuseofexaggerationordistortiontomakeafigureappearcomicorridiculous.
Characterization性格刻画:
Thepersonalityacharacterdisplays,also,themeansbywhichawritersrevealsthatpersonality.
Classicism:
Amovementortendencyinart,literature,ormusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceandRome.
Climax:
The(turning)pointofthegreatestintensity,interest,orsuspenseinanarrative.
Comedy:
In general, a literary work that ends happily with a healthy,armisticebetweentheprotagonistandsociety.
Consonance和音:
Therepetitionofsimilarconsonantsoundsinagroupofwords.
Couplet:
Twoconsecutive连续的linesofpoetrythatrhyme.
Denotation意义,指示:
Theliteralor“dictionary”meaningofaword.
Denouement:
Theoutcomeofaplot.
Diction:
Awriter’schoiceofwords,particularlyforclarity,effectiveness,andaprecision.
Epic:
Alongnarrativepoemtellingaboutthedeedsofagreatheroandreflectingthevaluesofthesocietyfromwhichitoriginated.
Epigram:
Ashort,witty,pointedstatementoftenintheformofapoem.
Epilogue结语:
Ashortadditionorconclusionattheendofaliterarywork.
Epiphany:
Amomentofillumination,usuallyoccurringatorneartheendofawork.
Epitaph:
Aninscriptiononagravestoneorashortpoemwritteninmemoryofsomeonewhohasdied.
Essay:
Apieceorprosewriting,usuallyshort,thatdealswithasubjectinalimitedwayandexpressesaparticularpointofview.
Exemplum:
Atale,usuallyinsertedintothetextofasermonthatillustratesamoralprinciple.
Exposition阐述:
Thatpartofanarrativeordramainwhichimportantbackgroundinformationisrevealed.
Fable寓言:
Abriefstorythatistoldtopresentamoralorpracticallesson.Thecharactersoffablesareoftenanimalswhospeakandactlikehumanbeings.SeethefablesbyAesop.
Farce滑稽剧:
Atypeofcomedybasedonaridiculoussituation,oftenwithstereotypedcharacters.
Figureofspeech:
awordoranexpressionthatmeanttobeinterpretedinaliteralsense.
Flashback:
Asceneinashortstory,novel,play,ornarrativepoemthatinterruptstheactiontoshowaneventhathappenedearlier.
Foil陪衬:
Acharacterwhosetsanothercharacterbycontrast.
Foreshadowing铺垫:
Theuseofhintsorcluesinanarrativetosuggestwhatwillhappenlater.
Freeverse:
Versethathaseithernometricalpatternoranirregularpattern.
Imagery意象:
Wordsorphrasesthatcreatepictures,orimagesinthereader’smind.
Invocation祈祷:
Atthebeginningofanepic(orotherpoem)acalltoamuse,god,orspiritforinspiration.
Irony:
Acontrastoranincongruitybetweenwhatisstatedandwhatisreallymeant,orbetweenwhatisexpectedtohappenandwhatactuallyhappens.
Symbol:
Anyobject,person,place,oractionthathasameaninginitselfandthathasameaninginitselfandalsostandsforsomethinglargerthanitself,suchasaquality,anattitude,abelief,oravalue.
Symbolism:
AliterarymovementthataroseinFranceinthelasthalfofthenineteenthcenturyandthatgreatlyinfluencedmanyEnglish,particularlypoets,ofthetwentiethcentury.
Synecdoche:
Afigureofspeechthatsubstituteapartforawhole.
Theme:
Thegeneralideainsightaboutlifethatawriterwishestoexpressinaliterarywork.
Tone:
Theattitudeawritertakestowardshisorhersubject,charactersoraudience.
Spenserianstanza:
Anine-linestanzawiththefollowingscheme:
ababbcbcc.
Stereotype:
acommonplacetypeorcharacterthatappearssoofteninliterature.
Streamofconsciousness:
thestyleofwritingthatattemptstoinitiatethenaturalflowofacharacter’sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.
Style:
Theauthor’scharacteristicwayofwritings,determinedbythechoiceofwords,thearrangementofwordsinsentences,andtherelationshipofsentencestooneanother.
Suspense:
Thequalityofastory,novel,ordramathatmakesthereaderoraudienceuncertainortenseabouttheoutcomeofevents.
Rhythm:
Thearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllablesintoapattern.
Romance:
Anyimaginationliteraturethatissetinanidealizedworldandthatdealswithheroicadventuresnadbattlesbetweengoodcharactersandvillainsormonsters.
Romanticism:
Amovementthatflourishedinliterature,philosophy,musicandartinWesterncultureduringmostofthenineteenthcentury,beginningasarevoltagainstclassicism.
4.作品赏析(共八人,重点是诗歌)
1.Wordsworth
(1)Lucypoems
•“Shedweltamongtheuntroddenways
•BesidethespringsofDove,
•Amaidwhomtherewerenonetopraise
•Andveryfewtolove,
•Avioletbyamossystone
•Halfhiddenfromtheeye!
•---fairasastar,whenonlyone
•Isshininginthesky.
•Shelivedunknown,andfewcouldknow
•WhenLucyceasedtobe;
•Butsheisinhergrave,and,oh.
•Thedifferencetome!
”
•Aslumberdidmyspiritseal;
•Ihadnohumanfears;
•Sheseemedathingthatcouldnotfeel
•Thetouchofearthlyyears.
•Nomotionhasshenow,noforce;
•Sheneitherhearsnorsees;
•Rolledroundinearth’sdiurnalcourse,
•Withrocks,andstones,andtrees.
(2)William’sPoems(6)
'Tispast,thatmelancholydream!
NorwillIquitthyshore
Asecondtime;forstillIseem
Tolovetheemoreandmore.
AmongthymountainsdidIfeel
Thejoyofmydesire;
AndsheIcherish'dturn'dherwheel
BesideanEnglishfire.
Thymorningsshow'd,thynightsconceal'd
ThebowerswhereLucyplay'd;
Andthinetooisthelastgreenfield
ThatLucy'seyessurvey'd.
2.Byron
(1)DonJuan
•Andthustheywanderedforth,andhandinhand,
•Overtheshiningpebblesandtheshells,
•Glidedalongthesmoothandhardenedsand,
•Andinthewornandwidereceptacles
•Workedbythestorms,yetworkedasitwereplanned,
•Inhollowhalls,withsparryroofsandcells,
•Theyturnedtorest;andeachclaspedbyanarm,
•Yieldtothedeeptwilight’spurplecharm.
Sheloved,andwasbeloved—sheadored,
Andshewasworshipped;afternature’sfashion,
Theirintensesouls,intoeachotherpoured.
Ifsoulscoulddie,hadperishedinthatpassion,
Butbydegreestheirsenseswererestored
Againtobeo’ercome,againtodashon,
And,beatingagainsthisbosom,Haidee’sheart
Fellasifnevermoretobeatapart.
3.Keats
(1)Endymion恩底弥翁
"Athingofbeautyisajoyforever:
Itslovelinessincrease;itwillnever
Passintonothingness;butstillwillkeep
Abowerquietforus.Andasleep
Fullofsweetdreams,andhealth.Andquietbreathing;
♦Andsheforgotthestars,themoon,thesun,
♦Andsheforgottheblueabovethetrees,
♦Andsheforgotthedellswherewatersrun.Andsheforgotthechillyautumnbreeze:
(2)Thestoryof“Isabella,orthepotofBasil”伊莎贝拉,又叫紫苏花盆的故事
♦Shehadnoknowledgewhenthedaywasdone,
♦Andthenewmornshesawnot:
butinpeace
♦Hungoverhersweetbasilevermore,
♦Andmoistenedwithtearsuntothecore.
(3)OdetoaNightingale
•“Theweariness,thefever,andthefret
•Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;
•Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgreyhairs,
•Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,and
dies
•Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow
•Andleaden-eyeddespairs;
•Wherebeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,
•Ornewlovepineatthembeyondtomorrow.
4.Shelly
(1)QueenMab
•Thosegildedflies
•Thatbaskinginthesunshineofacourt,
•Fattenonitscorruption;whatarethey?
•Thedronesofthecommunity;theyfeed
•Onthemechanic’slabor;thestarvedhind
•Forthemcompelsthestubborngledetoyield
•Itsunsharedharvest;andyousqualidform,
•Leanerthanfleshlessmisery,thatwastes
•Asunlesslifeintheunwholesomemine,
•Dragsoutinlabouraprotracteddeath
•Togluttheirgrandeur;manyfaintwithtoil
•Thatfewmayknowthecaresandwoeofsloth.
(2)OdetotheWestWind
57Mak
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