高考英语高分命题突破推理判断题.docx

高考英语高分命题突破推理判断题.docx

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高考英语高分命题突破推理判断题

2019高考英语高分命题突破推理判断题

[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]

Wemaythinkwe􀆳reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices（装置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That􀆳sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.

Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife—fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.

Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn􀆳tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids􀆳room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We􀆳renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices—wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt􀆳steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.

Sowhat􀆳sthesolution（解决方案）?

Theteam􀆳sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.

1.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?

A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.

B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.

C.Theycostmoretouseathome.

D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

2.WhydidBabbitt􀆳steamconducttheresearch?

A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.

C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.

D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.

3.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?

A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.

C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.

4.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?

A.Stopusingthem.B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.

A

Forthepast45years,MartinandSinforosaColomerhavebeentheonlytworesidentsofLaEstrella,anabandonedvillageinSpain.It􀆳sastrangewaytolive,withoutanyhumancontact,asifthey􀆳rethelasttwopeopleontheEarth.Butthetinyvillagewasnotalwaysisolatedlikethis.Itwasoncefilledwithlife,withhundredsofinhabitants,achurch,twoschoolhousesandseveralbars.

Accordingtovarioussources,aterriblestormin1883killednearlyhalftheinhabitantsanddestroyedatleast17houses.Thevillagesquareandthechurchremainedunharmed,andamemorialwasbuiltforallthosewhodied.Theplacelostitscharmafterthatandlocalsgraduallybegantoabandontheirhomes.

MartinandSinforosa􀆳sstorybeganabout70yearslater,whentheybecameonepairofthefewyouthsstilllivinginLaEstrella.“Imetheronedaywhenshewasbringingthecattleinfromthefields,”Martinrecalled.“Iwenttothefarmandbroughtthecattlein,too.”Theylatermetatoneofthetworemainingclubsinthevillage,fellinlove,andmarried.

TheColomersraisedafamilyinLaEstrella,choosingtostayevenwhenmanyoftheirfellowvillagersleftforcitiesinsearchofwork.“Some150,200peoplelivedherebefore,”Martinsaid.“Wehadteachers,someprofessionals,amayor,asheriff,theundertakerandapriest.Inayearortwo,almosteverybodyleft.”

“Manypeoplesayhowwellwelive,butIsay,‘Comeandlivehereforawhileandseehowlongyoucanstandit,’”hesaid.“Becausemywifewasborninthisplace,shehasalwaysbeenlivinghere.Shedoesn􀆳twanttoleave.Haditbeenuptome,wewouldhaveleftthetownalongtimeago.ButIcan􀆳tleaveherbyherself.Whatelsecanwedo?

”

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.PeopleinLaEstrellalivehappily.

B.LaEstrellausedtobeanactivevillage.

C.Thecouplehateslivingwithotherpeople.

D.LaEstrellaisn􀆳tsuitableforpeopletolivein.

2.WhatprobablyhappenedtoLaEstrellaaftertheterriblestorm?

A.Theresidentsleftthevillageslowly.

B.Peoplebegantorepairthevillage.

C.Thevillagesquarewaswellprotected.

D.Thememorialremainedingoodcondition.

3.WhendidMartinandSinforosaprobablyfallinlovewitheachother?

A.In1883.B.In1953.

C.In1973.D.In1993.

4.Whydidn􀆳tSinforosaleavethevillage?

A.Shecouldn􀆳tleaveMartinbyhimself.

B.Shehadtolookafterherchildren.

C.Shedidn􀆳tdaretoleavebyherself.

D.Shehadbeenusedtothevillagelife.

B

Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.Itsalmostleafless,thread-likestems（茎）hangdownontopofotherplantsthatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsfoodfromotherplants.Itfeedsbysuckingjuicesfromtheplantwhichiswrappedaround,oftenmakingitshostveryweakorevenkillingit.

Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whenayoungdodderplantstartsgrowing,itfollowsthesmellofplantsitprefers,liketomatoplants,potatoplants,orotherfarmcrops.Unlikemostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,adodderplantwillgrowinthedirectionof,forexample,tomatosmell—ifatomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.

However,ayoungdodderplantmustfindahostplantquickly.Itnolongerneedsitsrootonceitisattachedtothehostandwrappedaroundit.Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryupanddisappear—evenifthereisplentyofwateraround.Onceitfindsahost,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstartgrowingfaster.Atthatpointthedodderplantwilldropitsroot.

Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers.Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer􀆳sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.Beforesowingtheirproduce,especiallyfarmersinwarmpartsoftheworldoftenchecktomakesurenounwanteddodderseedshavemixedwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostopdodderplantsfrommakingtheirwaytoacropfieldsecretly.

5.Whydoestheauthormentionspaghettiinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toanalysethecontentofsomefood.

B.Todescribetheshapeofdodderplants.

C.Toexplainwherethedodderplantscomefrom.

D.Toarguethatdodderplantscanbeused.

6.Whatwillhappenifadodderplantstartsgrowingwheretherearenootherplantsaround?

A.Itwilldiesoonerorlater.

B.Itwillgrowdeeproots.

C.Itwillattractotherplants.

D.Itwillcovertheentireareaofsoil.

7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.

B.Doddercanaffectfarmers􀆳income.

C.Doddercanonlysurviveintheshade.

D.Dodderonlygrowsinthewarmareas.

8.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

A.Anewvarietyoffarmcrops.

B.Plantsthatareharmfultohumans.

C.Thespecialabilitiesofadangerousplant.

D.Recentimprovementsinfarmingmethods.

专题命题突破——推理判断题

真题典例

【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。

文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别,说明了旧电子设备耗能高、不环保,所以作者主张使用新电子设备。

1.A　推理判断题。

根据文章第一段中的“That􀆳sbadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets—astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.”可知,使用旧的电子设备对环境和对我们的钱包来说都是坏消息。

这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能量。

由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。

故选A。

2.D　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段中的“Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife…”可知,Babbitt的团队研究的目的是弄清楚这些设备用了多少电。

故选D。

3.B　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段中的“Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.”可知,平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备,可以降低44%的耗能。

故选B。

4.A　推理判断题。

根据文章的整体内容可知,因为旧的电子设备耗能高、不环保,所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。

故选A。

模拟演练

A

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。

强烈的暴风雨使得许多人丧生,许多房屋也受到了毁坏。

之后村子里的人就慢慢地离开了。

几十年以来,整个村子就只有Martin和他妻子在那里生活。

1.B　推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句“Itwasoncefilledwithlife,withhundredsofinhabitants,achurch,twoschoolhousesandseveralbars.”可知,这里曾经充满生命力,有数百名居民、一座教堂、两间校舍和几家酒吧。

据此推断,这个村子过去是充满活力的。

故选B项。

2.A　细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句“Theplacelostitscharmafterthatandlocalsgraduallybegantoabandontheirhomes.”可知,暴风雨之后,这个地方就失去了魅力,当地人开始慢慢地遗弃他们的家园。

故选A项。

3.B　细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“MartinandSinforosa􀆳sstorybeganabout70yearslater,whentheybecameonepairofthefewyouthsstilllivinginLaEstrella.”可知,大约七十年后,Martin和Sinforosa的故事开始了,那时他们成为仍然居住在LaEstrella村中少有的年轻人中的一对。

再联系第二段暴风雨发生在1883年可知,他们大约是在1953年相爱的。

故选B项。

4.D　推理判断题。

根据最后一段第二句“‘Becausemywifewasborninthisplace,shehasalwaysbeenlivinghere.’”可知,因为Martin妻子在这个地方出生,她一直居住在这里。

因此,Sinforosa已经习惯了这里的生活,这是她没有离开村子的原因。

故选D项。

B

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了一种有特殊生长习性,危害农作物生长的攀附植物菟丝子。

5.B　推理判断题。

根据第一段“…theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.”可推知,作者把菟丝子比作意大利面条是用人们熟悉的事物来说明菟丝子的形状。

故选B项。

6.A　细节理解题。

根据第三段“Ifitcannotcatchasm