基础医学英语口语2.docx
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基础医学英语口语2.docx
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基础医学英语口语2
SleepApnea
睡眠呼吸暂停
Sleepapneaisaninterruptioninbreathingduringsleep.Itislinkedtoobesityanddecreasedmuscletoneduetoaging.Theseconditionsallowthewindpipetocollapsewhenmusclesrelaxduringsleep.Thisproblem,calledobstructivesleepapnea,usuallycausesloudsnoring.
Interruption:
中断;
Obesity:
[Eu5bisiti]n.肥胖,源于obese,“肥胖的”;
muscletone:
肌肉张力;
condition:
症状,状况;
windpipe:
气管。
Wind指“风,通气”,pipe指“导管”;
collapse:
塌陷;
relax:
松弛;
obstructivesleepapnea:
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停;
snore:
打呼噜,打鼾。
Duringanepisodeofobstructiveapnea,theefforttoinhaleaircreatesasuctionthatcollapsesthewindpipe.Airflowmaybeblockedfor10-60secondswhilethesleepingpersonstrugglestobreathe.
Episode:
状况,情节,细节,表现;
Suction:
[5sQkFEn]n.吸力,吸入;
Airflow:
气流;
Block:
阻止,阻塞。
Whentheperson'sboldoxygenlevelfalls,thebrainrespondsbywakingthepersonupenoughtotightentheairwaymusclesandopenthewindpipe.Thepersonmaysnortorgasp,thengobacktosnoring.Thiscyclemayberepeatedhundredsoftimesanight.
Oxygen:
氧气;
Tighten:
紧张,绷紧,源于形容词tight,“紧张的”,-en是动词后缀,放在形容词前或后,表示“使……”,如liven,“具有活力”;
Airway:
气管;
Snort:
[snC:
t]v.喷鼻息
Gasp:
[^B:
sp]v.喘息,气喘
Fromwakingupsomanytimes,sleepapneapatientsarealwayssleepyandmayevenexperiencepersonalitychanges,suchasirritabilityordepression.
personalitychange:
性格改变;
irritability:
易怒;
depression:
抑郁症。
Sleepapneadeprivespeopleofoxygen,whichcanleadto:
-morningheadaches
-lossofinterestinsex
-declineinmentalfunctioning
-highbloodpressure
-irregularheartbeats
-increasedriskofheartattacksorstroke
leadto:
导致,致使,造成;
lossofinterestinsex:
性欲减退;
irregularheartbeats:
心律不齐;
heartattack:
心梗;
stroke:
中风。
Patientswithsevere,untreatedsleepapneaare2-3timesmorelikelytohaveautomobileaccidentsthanpeoplewithoutsleepapnea.Sometimes,sleepapneacanevenleadtosuddendeathfromrespiratoryarrestduringsleep.
Severe:
严重的;
respiratoryarrest:
呼吸暂停。
Respiratory[ris5paiErEtEri]adj.呼吸的。
Patientswhohavetypicalsymptomsofsleepapnea,suchasloudsnoring,obesity,andexcessivedaytimesleepiness,shouldseeasleepcenterspecialistwhocanperformatestcalledapolysomnography.
Symptom:
[5simptEm]n.症状;
Excessive:
过多的,超额的;
Specialist:
专家;
Polysomnography:
多导睡眠检查,多导睡眠图。
Poly-表示“多的,多个的,多于一的”之义,somn-表示“睡眠的”之义,graph表示“图,表格”之义。
Apolysomnographyrecordsbrainwaves,heartbeat,andbreathingduringanentirenightofsleep.Ifsleepapneaisdiagnosed,severaltreatmentsareavailable.
Mildsleepapneacanoftenbeovercomebylosingweight.Thepatientmayalsoavoidsleepingonhisorherback.Specialdevicesorsurgerycanalsocorrectobstructionscausingsleepapnea.
Loseweight:
减肥;
Device:
器械;
Surgery:
手术。
Patientswithsleepapneacanwearaspecialmaskanytimeapatientsleeps.ThisdeviceisknownasCPAPorContinuousPositiveAirwayPressuredevice.Itusesairpressuretokeepthepatient’sairwaysopenduringsleep.Itisverysuccessfulinmanagingsleepapnea.
Mask:
面罩;
CPAP:
全称为ContinuousPositiveAirwayPressuredevice,即持续正压通气治疗仪,简称睡眠呼吸仪。
Peoplewithsleepapneashouldnevertakesedativesorsleepingpillsbecausetheymaynotwakeupenoughtobreathe.
Sedative:
[5sedEtiv]adj.镇静的,止痛的;n.镇静剂。
RLS
不宁腿综合症
Restlesslegssyndrome,orRLS,isahereditarydisorderthatcausesunpleasantcrawling,prickling,ortinglingsensationsinthelegsandfeet.Thepatienthasanurgetomovethemforrelief.RLSisbecomingoneofthemostcommonsleepdisordersamongolderpeople.
hereditary:
[hi5reditEri]adj.世袭的,遗传的。
如hereditarydefect,遗传缺陷;
Crawling:
蚁走感。
Crawl表示爬行,如crawlingcreature,爬行动物;
Prickling:
刺痛感。
Prickle表示用针刺;
Tingling:
灼烧感。
Tingle表示引起刺痛或灼痛;
Relief:
[ri5li:
f]n.(痛苦等的)减轻。
RLS,whichaffectsabout12millionAmericans,leadstoconstantlegmovementduringthedayandinsomniaatnight.SevereRLSismostcommoninelderlypeople,thoughsymptomscandevelopatanyage.Insomecases,RLSmaybelinkedtootherconditionssuchasanemia,pregnancy,ordiabetes.
Constant:
[5kCnstEnt]adj.持续的;
anemia:
[E5ni:
miE]n.贫血,贫血症。
a-表示“不,无,不正常”;
pregnancy:
[5pre^nEnsi]n.怀孕。
SomedrugtherapiesareavailabletorelieveRLS.LearningwhyRLSoccursmayleadtobettertherapiesinthefuture.
drugtherapy:
等于medication,药物治疗。
Narcolepsy
发作性睡眠症
Narcolepsyaffectsapproximately250,000Americans.Peoplewithnarcolepsyhavesleepattacksatvarioustimesoftheday,eveniftheygetanormalamountofsleepatnight.Asleepattackisasuddenperiodofsleepinthemiddleofbeingawake.
Thedisorderisthoughttobeduetothebrain’sinabilitytoregulatesleep-wakecyclesnormally.
Sleepattackslastanywherefromseveralsecondstoover30minutes.Peoplewithnarcolepsyalsomayexperience:
-cataplexy,lossofmusclecontrolduringemotionalsituations
-hallucinations
-disruptednighttimesleep
-temporaryparalysiswhentheywakeup
Cataplexy:
[5kAtE7pleksi]n.昏倒,猝倒。
cata-表示“下,向下”之义,如cataract,白内障,大瀑布;
Hallucination:
[hElu:
si5neiFEn]n.幻觉,幻想;
Temporary:
[5tempErEri]adj.暂时的,临时的;
Paralysis:
[pE5rAlisis]n.瘫痪,麻痹。
Narcolepsyisusuallyhereditary,butitissometimesassociatedwithbraindamagefromaheadinjuryoraneurologicaldisease.
associatewith:
伴发,与……有关;
neurological:
[njuErEu5lCdVikEl]adj.神经学上的。
Drugssuchasstimulantsandantidepressantscancontrolnarcolepsysymptoms.Napsduringthedaycanalsoreduceexcessivedaytimesleepiness.
Stimulant:
[5stimjulEnt]n.兴奋剂;
Antidepressant:
[7Antidi5presEnt]n.抗抑郁剂。
Anti-表示“抵抗,反抗”之义,depress表示“抑郁”;
Nap:
打盹,小憩。
SleepWell
良好的睡眠
Itisbesttohavescheduledtimestogotobedandwakeup.Itispreferabletogotobedandwakeupatthesametimeevenduringweekendsandholidays.Sleepuntilthesuncomesupifpossible;otherwiseuseverybrightlightsinthemorning.
Schedule:
作息,按时;
Preferable:
有好处的,可取的。
例句:
Coffeeispreferabletotea,Ithink.我认为咖啡比茶更好。
Dailyexercisecanhelpsleeppatterns,especiallyifitisdone5-6hoursbeforeyourscheduledbedtime.
Relaxbeforegoingtobed.
Reading,watchingTV,praying,andmeditatingaregoodwaystodothis.
Avoidcaffeine,nicotine,andalcohol.
Meditate:
[5mediteit]v.沉思,冥想;
Caffeine:
[5kAfi:
n]n.咖啡因。
Donotlieinbedawakeifyoucannotsleep.Dosomethinginstead,forinstance,readorwatchTV.Frustrationfromnotbeingabletogettosleepcanmakeinsomniaworse.Keepingbedroomsatacomfortabletemperaturecanalsoreducesleepdisruptions.
Frustration:
[frQs5treiFEn]n.挫折感。
Seekmedicalhelpifyoukeephavingsleepproblems.Therearenumeroustechniquesandmedicationsavailabletohelpyousleepbetter!
Summary
小结
Sleepproblemsarecommonandcanhaveveryseriousconsequences.However,theycanbetreated.
Consequence:
后果。
Improvingyoursleepinghabitsandtalkingwithyourdoctoraboutpersistentsleepproblemscanhelpyoutoachieveagoodnight’ssleep!
Persistent:
[pE5sistEnt]adj.持久的
Quiz
测验
Question1:
Sleepdoesnotaffectoverallhealth.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Answer:
B
[答疑编号911020101:
针对该题提问]
Analysis:
Sleepaffectsphysicalandmentalhealthinmanyways.
Question2:
Childrenneedthesameamountofsleepasadultsdo.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Answer:
B
[答疑编号911020102:
针对该题提问]
Analysis:
Infantsmayneed16hoursofsleepaday,whileadultsmayonlyneed5hoursorasmanyas10hourseachday.
Question3:
Lackofsleepcanaffecttheimmunesystem.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Answer:
A
[答疑编号911020103:
针对该题提问]
Analysis:
Withoutenoughsleep,peoplehaveahigherriskofgettingsick.
Question4:
Beveragescontainingcaffeine,suchascoffee,cancauseinsomnia.
A.TRUE
B.FALSE
Answer:
A
[答疑编号911020104:
针对该题提问]
Keywords
核心词汇
Snore:
打鼾
Obesity:
肥胖
Polysomnography:
多导睡眠图
Hereditary遗传的
Anemia:
贫血症
Diabetes:
糖尿病
Respiratory:
呼吸的
sleepapnea:
睡眠呼吸暂停
syndrome:
综合症
narcolepsy:
发作性睡眠症
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