关联理论下的电影字幕翻译策略.docx
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关联理论下的电影字幕翻译策略.docx
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关联理论下的电影字幕翻译策略
关联理论下的电影字幕翻译策略
——以《唐山大地震》为例
内容摘要
随着中国加入WTO及全球经济的一体化,偌大的世界已变成了“地球村”,世界与我们的距离越来越小。
由于语言文化的差异,文学翻译也开始成为一个越来越重要的翻译领域。
影视翻译属于文学翻译,影视剧字幕的翻译对于文化交流起着关键性作用。
影视翻译质量的高低,将直接影响着影片艺术性的展示和商业吸引力的大小,直接关系到影片的上座率及电视的收视率,因而成为影视传播过程中的一个极其重要的环节,也是我们译者不应忽视的一个环节。
字幕翻译是一种特殊的语言转换类型。
文章从关联理论出发,以电影《唐山大地震》为个案进行分析,归纳出一些可行的字幕翻译策略。
旨在用合理的理论指导电影字幕翻译,以此帮助完善其方法和技巧,提高翻译的质量。
关键词:
字幕翻译;《唐山大地震》;关联理论
Abstract
WithChinaenteringtheWorldTradeOrganisationandglobaleconomicintegration,suchabigworldbecomesa“globalvillage”,andthedistancebetweentheworldandusbecomessmallerandsmaller.Owingtothedifferencebetweenlanguagesandcultures,filmsubtitletranslationbecomesafieldofstudyofincreasingimportance.Filmtranslationisapartofliteraturetranslation,anditplaysakeyroleinculturalexchange.Thequalityoffilmtranslationwillimmediatelyeffectfilmartistryandbusinessattraction,andwillimmediatelyconcernabouttheattendanceoffilmandratingsofTV.Asaresult,ithasbecameanextremelyimportantlinkintheTransmissionoffilmandanunignoredlinkstoourtranslators.
Subtitletranslationisaspeciallanguagereconstructionstyle.ThisthesisselectsthefilmTangshanEarthquakeasacasetoanalyzefilmsubtitletranslationstrategiesintheperspectiveofrelevancetheory.Basedontheanalysisofrelationshipbetweenrelevancetheoryandthesubtitlestranslation,thethesisproposescorrespondingtranslationstrategiesandexplainsthefeasibilityofrelevancetheoreticalaccountoffilmsubtitlestranslation.Aimingtousingpropertheorytoguidefilmsubtitletranslation,ifhopesadvanceitsmethodsandskillsandimproveitsquality.
Keywords:
subtitletranslation;TangshanEarthquake;relevancetheory
Contents
FilmSubtitleTranslationStrategiesinthePerspectiveofRelevancetheory
AStudyonTangshanEarthquake
1.Introduction
WithChinaenteringtheWorldTradeOrganisationandglobaleconomicintegration,suchabigworldbecomesa“globalvillage”,andthedistancebetweentheworldandusbecomessmallerandsmaller.Thewesternfilm,whichwasjustfavouredbyintellectual,nowhasbeengreatenjoymentforordinarypeoplewhoenjoytheirafter-hourlife.FilmtranslationisveryimportantforChinesetodevelopcontinuouslyandopentheworldmarket.Thequalityoffilmtranslationwillimmediatelyeffectedfilmartistryandbusinessattraction,andwillimmediatelyconcernedabouttheattendanceoffilmandratingsofTV.Asaresult,ithasbecameanextremelyimportantlinksintheTransmissionoffilmandanunignoredlinkstoourtranslators.
SinceGuttRelevancetheory’spublicationin1991,therehasbeencausedsomeripplesinwesterntranslationcircle,whichhasgraduallyarosenwidelyattentionofdomesticscholarsinrecentyears.Now,somanyscholarsresearchforRelevancetheory,andtheycommonlyuseitfortheresearchofliteraturetranslationandleastfortheresearchoffilmtranslation,filmtranslationisapartofliteraturetranslation.ThisthesischoosesthefilmthisthesischoosesthefilmTangshanEarthquakeasacasetoanalyzefilmsubtitletranslationstrategiesintheperspectiveofRelevancetheory.
Thefilm,TangshanEarthquake,whichdirectedbyFengXiaogangishappenedinJuly28,1976.Thestorytellsabouttheloveandlossduring32yearsofacommonfamilyinTangshanwhichsufferthemagnitude8.0earthquake.Assoonsothefilmwasshowing,itcausedagreatstirthroughoutthecountry.Ithasbeencommendedtostrikethe2011bestforeignfilmOscarbyTheRadioDept.ThespecialistsaiditshouldbedonebestisgoodfilmsubtitletranslationforforeignfilmOscar.Thus,translatorstakethecharacteristicofsubtitlesandexpectofaudienceintoaccount,applytosomanytranslationstrategiesbasingonthecommunicateintentionoftranslation,anddobesttoofferwesternaudienceEnglishsubtitleswhichareeasytounderstand.Basedontheanalysisofrelationshipbetweenrelevancetheoryandthesubtitlestranslation,thethesisproposescorrespondingtranslationstrategiesandexplainsthefeasibilityofrelevancetheoreticalaccountoffilmsubtitlestranslation.
2.RelevanceTheory
RelevanceTheorywasfirstputforwardbyDanSporberandDeirdreWilson,anditisaboutExplanatoryTheoryoflanguageandcommunicate.Itbelongstoatheoryofcognitionandcommunication.Andthecentralquestionofitislanguageandcommunicate.SperberandWilsondeemthatthekeyofthehumanbrainmechanismwhichmakespeoplecommunicatewitheachotheristhatHumanBeingcanreason.LanguageCommunicationisaprocessfromOstensiontoreasonwhichbelongstocognition.Fromtheperspectiveofaspeaker,CommunicationisaOstensionprocess,itmeansindicatingthecommunicateintentiontohearerthroughwords.Fromtheperspectiveofahearer,Communicationisareasoningprocess,itmeansrealizingthesuccessofCommunicationbybasingonspeaker’sOstension,combiningwithtogetherofrelatedcontextandreasoningtherealintentionofspeaker.
CognitiveenvironmentandmutualunderstandingaretwobasicconceptsofRelevancetheory.AccordingtoRelevancetheory,Contextiscomprehendingthecombinationofeverypremisebeusedbyaword.Contextwhichisdynamic,andisaseriesofhypothesis,whichconsistinhumanbrainforunderstandingwordcorrectlyincommunicationprocess.Everywordhavedifferentmeans,forunderstandingwordcorrectly,wemusttogetherofrelatedcontext,findoutthebestrelevanceofthewordandreasoningtherealintentionfortheimpressionofcontext.Mutualunderstandingisanoppositeconcept,itmeansthefactthatcommunicatorsunderstandalltogetherandindicatestheactionofcoordinatetogetherinthecommunication.
TherearelotsofveryimportantconceptinGutt’srelevancetheoryisworthtostudying,andisworthustodrawlessonsfrom,suchasthemethodsofTranslation--directandindirecttranslationwhichareveryimportant.ThesetwoconceptsarederivedfromthediscourseofWilson&Sperberaboutdirectspeechandindirectspeech.Theythinkthatdirectspeechisto“copythespeaker'swordsandreservedallthesurfacelinguisticfeaturesintheoriginalwords”;buttheindirectspeechneednotretaintheoriginallanguagecharacter,andonlyneedretailpropositionalformoforiginalwords,thatistosay,thebasicmeaningoforiginalwords.
Inelicitationofdirectspeechandindirectspeech,Guttputforwardtheconceptofdirecttranslationandfreetranslation.Guttthinksthatthedirecttranslationdependsonthesimilaritiesoflanguagecharacters,butthetranslationwasfacingontwodifferentlanguages,whichtheirlanguagecharacteristicsneverhavetoomanysimilarities,butdifferentplacemostly.So,accordingtoGutt,adirecttranslationretainsallthelanguagefeaturesintheoriginalwords,forwhichtheendresultis“reservedforlanguagefeaturesprovidedbythetranslatortoguidethereadertoobtaincommunicativeintentioncommunicativecues”.So,whatisthecommunicativeclue?
“communicativeclues”means“retainingtheoriginalstyle”here.Forexample:
Inthemoviegrowingpains,Jackinvitedanannyforfamilywhoisyouthandbeauty.HiswifeMeiQibecomesjealous.Thereisadialogueinthefollowing:
Jason:
Itrulybelieveyouhaven’tgivenherafairshake.
Maggie:
Itrulyhopeyouhaven’t.
“Itrulyhopeyouhaven’t”hereisanellipticalsentence,ithasomittedtheword“givenherashake”,thisisadouble-meaningpunwhichissaidbyawifebecauseofjealous.Inordertoreflectingpunflavoroftheoriginal,andretainingtheoriginalcommunicativeclues,wemightaswelltrytotranslationitas:
杰生:
我相信你还没有给她机会试试。
梅琪:
但愿你还没试过她。
Thissentenceusesdirecttranslation,whichretainingtheoriginalstyle,andtranslatedtheoriginalasaphrasewithadoublemeaning.Itmakestheaudienceunderstandandaccept,andalsosuccessfullyachievedthattheaudiencegettheoriginalintentionofcommunicativeclues,thuscommunicativetaskhasbeensuccessfullycompleted.
Freetranslationaimstoretainthesimilarityofcognitiveeffectsintheoriginallanguage,andgiveagreatchangetotheoriginallanguagefeature.Asitinthemoviethelionking,thehyenasthreateningSimbaandNanatoturnthemintoacubsandwich"translatedas“狮肉三明治”itsoundsmoreblunt.Usingthefreetranslationtomodifytheoriginaltextcantranslateitverycleveras“红烧狮子头”,thisisameaningofpuns,andisconsistentwiththeChinesedietculture.
3.RelevanceTheoryAppliedtoTranslation
ThepublishingofRelevancetheoryopenedupanewfieldofvisionforthestudyoftranslation.GuttpublishedthebookwhichnamedTranslationandRelevance:
CognitiveandContext,andmakeagreatdifferenceintranslationcircle.GuttfirstmakeRelevancetheoryappliedtotranslation,heindicatedthattranslationisasortoflinguisticcommunicationandareasoningprocesswhichhasaclosecontactwithbrainmechanism.translationisnotonlyacodeswitching,butmoreimportantlyadynamicreasoningbasedondynamiccontextwhichaccordingascorrelation.Relevancetheoryinthepasttakesastaticdescribingmethod,butRelevancetheorytakesadynamicinterpretation.Pertinenceisnotonlythepurposeonearth,butalsotheruleintranslationprocess.Thus,ZhaoYanchunsaidthat“thesuccessfultranslationisbutonlycanbe:
Theintentionofformercommunicatorsandthedemandofreceptorinthecognitiveenvironmentisinasimilarwaywithoriginaltext.”ThetranslatormustneatlybaseoncontextgoinginforbestcorrelationintheframeworkofRelevancetheoryonthepremiseofcommunicationsucceed.Itaccordinglymakesoriginaltextandtranslationversionagreewitheachotherbythegreatestextent
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- 关联 理论 电影 字幕 翻译 策略