中英寒暄语对比研究.docx

中英寒暄语对比研究.docx

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中英寒暄语对比研究

学科分类号050201

本科毕业论文（设计）

题目中英寒暄语对比研究

姓名学号

院（系）外国语学院

专业年级2011级

指导教师职称教授

二○一年月

DECLARATION

I,YangJing,theundersigned,herebydeclarethatthisessaydoesnotcontainanymaterialwhichhasbeenacceptedfortheawardofanyotherhigherdegreeorgraduatediplomainanytertiaryinstitutionandthat,tothebestofmyknowledgeandbelief,thisessaydoesnotcontainanymaterialpreviouslypublishedorwrittenbyanotherperson,exceptwhenduereferenceismadeinthetextoftheessay.

Signed:

Dated:

CONTENTS

AbstractinEnglish….....................……………………………………………….........................1

AbstractinChinese....................................................................................................2Ⅰ.Introduction…...................................................................................................................3

1.1ResearchBackground………………………………………………………………..…....3

1.2ResearchPurpose………………………………………………………………..…….…..3

1.3ResearchSignificance………………………………...…………………………………...3

Ⅱ.TheoreticalFrameworks……………………………………………………………………...4

2.1TheDefinitionofPhaticCommunion…………………………………………………….4

2.2TheOriginofPhaticCommunion…………………………………………………..……4

Ⅲ.DifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglishPhaticCommunion……………………….………5

3.1DifferentBackgroundsofDifferentPhaticCommunionbetweenChineseandWestern

Cultures…………..………………………………………………………………..………5

3.2ChineseandWesternThinkinginDifferentWaysontheDifferentCausesbytheTraditionalGreetings……….…………………………………………………………..…7

3.3DifferentCommunicativeHabitsduetoDifferencesinGreetingsbetweenChinaandAmerica……………………………………………………………………….……..…....8

Ⅳ.Conclusion......………………......…………………..........……………..………….....…..…10

Bibliography...................................................................................................................................11

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………….….......12

Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………………13

Abstract

Withthefastdevelopmentoftheeconomy,theglobalinterculturalcommunicationhasbecomemoreandmorefrequent.Phaticcommunion,asaministrantlanguagetoexpressnegotiationsandsocialengagement,isawelllubeforthesocialrelationship.PhaticCommunionhasmanyfunctions,suchastoshortenthecommunicationdistancebetweenpeople,tobreakthedeadlock,andtoshowrespecttootherpeople.Also,itisastrategytomaintaincomfortableinterpersonalrelationship.Phaticcommunionisimportantininterculturalcommunications.Therefore,thepaperstudiesthedifferencesofphaticcommunionbetweenEnglishandChinesefromdifferentaspects,suchastheirmodeofthinking,theirculturalbackground,andtheirhabitsofcommunication.

Keywords:

phaticcommunion;modeofthinking;backgroundofculture;habitofcommunication;contrastivestudy

摘要

在当今这个经济飞速发展的时代，全球化跨文化交际活动越来越频繁。

寒暄语，作为一种表示寒暄、应酬的辅助性语言，是维持良好社会关系的有效润滑剂。

寒暄语具有缩短交际者之间的距离、打破僵局、表示敬意以及乐于与之结交等功能。

寒暄语的多功能性决定了它在跨文化交际活动中的重要性。

本文从中西思维方式、文化背景、交际习惯等各个层面研究了英汉寒暄语的差异，以期对跨文化交际做出些微贡献。

关键词：

寒暄语;思维方式;文化背景;交际习惯;对比研究

Ⅰ.Introduction

Withthefastgrowingoftheinterculturalcommunicationactivities,Chineseandwesterncountriesaregettingtoknowmoreandmorefromeachotherabouttheirhistory,culture,andcustoms.Peoplealwaysconjecturefrommanydifferentanglesfortheirdifferentexperiences.Phaticcommunion,asonefunctionoflanguage,hasbeenusedintosolecism.Afterthat,therearemoreandmorestudiesaboutphaticcommunion.Differentcountriesandcustomshavedifferentexpressionstoperformphaticcommunion.ThefunctionofphaticcommunionsissimilarinChineseandwesterncountries,thatistokeepcomfortablerelationshipbetweenpeople.

1.1ResearchPurpose

TocomparephaticcommunionbetweenEnglishandChineseistoimprovemutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplefromthetwodifferentcultures.Phaticcommunionsunderdifferentculturesofdifferentcountriesarequitedifferent.Atthesametime,differentconditionssuchasdifferentbackgrounds,differentthinkingway,anddifferenthabitsresultindifferentphaticcommunion.Allkindsoflivingwaysmakegreatinfluencesonpeople’smind.Andpeopleindifferentcountriesalsohavedifferentideasofphaticcommunion.

1.2ResearchSignificance

ThispaperanalyzesthedifferencesofphaticcommunionbetweenEnglishandChineselanguage.Phaticcommunion’semotionalinformationispassedasalanguagemethodundertheconstraintsofthinking,mannersandcustomsandotherfactors,andthemeaningandpurposeofexpressionisdifferent.Afterknowingthese,wecanmakeaccurateandrationaluseofgreetingsatdifferentoccasions.Inthe21stcenturyglobalinterculturalcommunicationbecomesmoreusualastheexchangeofChineseandWesterntradehasbecomemorefrequent.AndtheconstanttradefrictionsbetweenChinaandtheWesthavearegulatoryandeliminatingroleinpromotingcross-culturalcommunication.

Ⅱ.TheoreticalFrameworks

2.1TheDefinitionofPhaticCommunion

Phaticcommunion,tomakegreetingswhenpeoplemeeting,isalipservicefromtheWord-Ocean.FromCiHai,phaticcommunionwasusedtoasktheweatherwhetheritiswarmorcold.ButO’DonnelandToddhavetherelativelybroaddivision.Theybelievethattakingscanbeseemedasphaticcommunionexceptthesubject（Todd,1980:

124）.SunXuemeisaidthatgreetingsareusedtoproduceacertainatmosphereormaintainingsocialcontact（2009:

122）.Phaticcommunionisincludingtwodifferentsides---Languagecommunicationandnon-languagecommunication（Zhu,1989:

16）.Hesaidthatlanguageisnottheonlymethodtomakethecontractsbetweenpeople.Sometimes,onlyasmile,anodding,ashakingandahugcanachievethesameeffect.Andthereisanotherdefinitionofphaticcommunion.Phaticcommunionisaninformaltypeofdiscoursethatdoesnotcoveranyfunctionaltopicsofconversationoranytransactionswhichneedtobeaddressed（Wang,2012:

238）.Therearesomedefinitionsofthephaticcommunioninpeople’sdailylife.Differentnationsandcountrieshavedifferentwaystoperformthephaticcommunion.Fromherewecanseethatphaticcommunionisnotonlyusedtoasktheweather,butalsocanbegreetingwordsofcommunicationwitheachother.Phaticcommuniononacertainoccasionusedproperlyornotwilldirectlyaffectthefollowingcommunication.Sometimesevencandirectlyrelatestowhetherthestateandsocietyharmoniousdevelopment.Currently,deeplyunderstandthedefinitionofthephaticcommunionandproperlyuseitiswhatthepeopleneedtodorightnow.

2.2TheOriginofPhaticCommunion

Phaticcommunionistheprologuewhenpeoplemeetandasteppingstoneforthecommunication.Itasaconversationalinteractionbetweenfriendsandacquaintances,oftencanonlyprovidealittleinformation,isdrivingtheconversationtoagreatextentofthebothsides.Norrickoncesaidthatfromthepragmaticfunctionofthespeechacts,phaticcommunionactsasasufficientamountofsocialroles.Inordertoshowthegoodbehaviorfromthespeaker（Norrick,1978:

277）.Aspeoplementionaboutthephaticcommunion,wecannaturallythinkofagreatBritishsocialanthropologist---Malinowski.Hewasthefirstmanintheworldwhoputforwardtheterm--phaticcommunionandstartusingit.Primitively,thereisastudyaboutsocialchangesandculturalcustomofTrobriandIslandsinthewestofPacific.Heatewiththelocalresidentsabouttwoyearswhilehelivedthere.Althoughitseemstohavelittleusefulpurposetomaintainandestablishthegoodrelationshipsbetweenthemselvesandthesociety,hefoundthattherearemanysubtlewordsintheinterpersonalcommunicationbetweenpeople.

PhaticcommunioninChinaisalsoknownassocializinglanguage,whichreferstosocializinggeneralsenseoflanguage,ratherthanestablishingandmaintainingsocialtiesassociatedwithbodylanguage.AccordingtoMalinowski’sarticle“TheProblemofMeaninginPrimitiveLanguage”,phaticcommunionisdividedintoverbalcommunicationandnon-verbalcommunicationaspects.Itdoesnotmeanthatallsocialsituationsneedthehelpoflanguage,butpeoplecanuseasmile,anod,ahug,shakinghands,kissingonthecheektoachieveexpectedcommunicativeeffect.

Clarksuggesteddeterminewhichwasgreetingsarethethreeconditions:

（1）Theparticularsituationalcontext.（Forexample,asmalltalkatthebusstation.）

（2）Languageandparalanguageaspectofcommunicativebehavior.（Theuseoftheregularexpression,suchasdiscussingtheweather.）

（3）Socialfunction.（Toavoidsilence,establishandmaintainagoodatmosphereinsomesituations.）（Clark,1990:

165）

Peoplecanusethephaticcommunionreasonableaftertheunderstandingofthegreetingsanddecisionconditions.Butjusttoknowthisisfartomeettoday’scommunicationoftheinternationalcommunity.Peopleneedtounderstandfurtheronthebasisofdifferentpeopleindifferentplaceshowtousedifferentphaticcommunion.

Ⅲ.DifferentPhaticCommunionsbetweenChineseandWesternPeople

Differentphaticcommuniontendstoconveydifferentcommunicativepurposes.Chineseandwesterncultureandcustomsalsoinfluencetheexpressionofthephaticcommunion.SopeopleneedtocompareChineseandwesterncountries’phaticcommunionfromdifferentaspects.Herearetheremajoraspectsofthedifferences.

3.1DifferentPhaticCommunionduetoDifferentBackgroundsofChineseandWesternCultures

Chinaisastateofceremoniesandalsopaysmoreattentiontoetiquettecivilizations.SothephaticcommunionisveryimportantintheChinesespeakingcountries.Whenpeoplegettogether,theywillusesomeusefulphaticcommunionwordstoshowth