Unit OneWords and Expressions.docx
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Unit OneWords and Expressions.docx
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UnitOneWordsandExpressions
UnitOne
WordsandExpressions
offandon(oronandoff):
fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly
-Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That’swhytheclothesfeeldamp.
-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoffandoninabedsidechair.
takehold:
becomeestablished
-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.
-老习惯是很难摆脱的。
这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。
(Oldhabitsdiehard.That’swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)
bore:
vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest
-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.
-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawaytomakeotherspaintforhim.
Collocation:
acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事
afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙
aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人
anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事
associate:
vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind
-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。
(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)
-Ican’tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshehaswritten.
-Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.
turnout:
1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.
2)provetobe
3)shutoff
4)produce;make
Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.
-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.
(1)
-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4)
-Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)
-Theplanturnedoutafailure.
(2)
-Wearetoturnout100,000,586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.(4)
-Theexperimentturnedouttobeasuccess.
(2)
-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.
(1)
anticipate:
vt.expect(usu.followedbygerundorthat-clause)
-Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereatthegroundinlargenumbers.
-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。
(TheyanticipatethatdeathsfromAIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.)
N.B.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词,不可用不定式代替。
-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.
-Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.
tedious:
adj.boringandlastingforalongtime
-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.
-LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.
reputation:
(an)opinion(aboutsb.orsth.)heldbyothers
-PremierZhuRongjihasahighreputationasastatesmanintheworld.
-Shehasthereputationofbeingagooddoctor.
-Thecompanyhasaworldwidereputationforquality.
inspire:
vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.
-MartinLutherKing,Jr.’sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatmentofAfricanAmericans.
-Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththewilltoliveon.
Collocation:
inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情
rigid:
adj.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules
-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话,他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。
(Ifhehadbeenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuchayoungage.)
-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.
prim:
(usu.disapproving)(ofaperson)tooformalorcorrectinbehaviorandshowingadislikeofanythingrude
-Youcan’ttellthejoketoher.Sheisveryprimandproper.
primly:
ad
-Wesatprimlyateitherendofthelongsofa.
Shesippedherwhitewineprimly.
severe:
adj.
1)completelyplain
-Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband’sfuneral.
-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。
(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewritingstyle.)
2)stern;strict
-Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.
-FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.
3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.
-TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.
-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。
(Afactorymustturnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusinesscompetition.)
CF:
severe,stern&strict
severe作“严厉”解时,可以用来形容人(severefather严厉的父亲),人的面貌(severelook严厉的神色),人的态度(Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.教师对学生很严厉。
)。
stern与severe相近,但用途比较窄,一般用于人的容貌或态度。
例如:
asternfather和aseverefather都可以用,但含义稍有不同:
aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求,积极的意义较多;asternfather则指对子女不含温情,要他们服从,消极的意味较多。
strict相当于汉语的“严格的”,须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、定义、真理等)。
例如:
-Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.
-Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.
tackle:
vt.dealwith
-Toshiba(东芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsofhousework.
-Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhowtotackleit.
simple-minded:
showingverylittleintelligence
-asimple-mindedapproachtotheproblem
-narrow-minded心胸狭窄的
-broad-minded气量大的
-noble-minded高尚的
due:
1)expectedorscheduledtoarriveorbeready
-ThenexttraintoNanjingisduetoleaveatten.
TheyoungmanisduetoappearinthecourtnextMonday.
2)tobepaidorreturned
-Whenistherentdue?
faceupto:
bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)
-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidencyandresignedonNewYear’sEve.
-既然你女儿已经诞生了,你就要承担起做父亲的责任。
(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,you’llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.)
scan:
lookthroughquickly
-IscannedthenewspaperwhileIwaitedforthetrain.
Thebankerscannedthefinancialsectionofadozennewspapersoverbreakfast.
Scanthetableofcontentsandtellmehowmanychaptersareonchilddevelopment.
sequence:
n.connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.
-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。
(AsequenceofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)
-TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.
CF:
sequence&series
sequence是指“先后衔接的次序”。
这种次序可以是历史性的,即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻辑性的,即论点先后的衔接,相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。
例如:
-Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.(我记日期的能力很差,常把事情的先后次序弄混。
)
-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthefirst.(你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序,因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。
)
series是指“系列”、“组”,可以有先后衔接的次序,也可以没有,但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。
例如:
-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。
)
-ThepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingtheOlympicGames.(邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。
)
Collocation:
insequence顺次,挨次
inrapidsequence紧接着,一个接着一个
inregularsequence按次序,有条不紊
thesequenceofevents事情的先后顺序
recall:
vt.bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbynoun/gerund,orthat-clause)
-Irecognizethefacebutcan’trecallhername.
-Idon’trecallevermeetingher.
-Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.
CF:
recall,remember&remind
这三个词都与“记忆”有关,前两个词有时可通用。
recall“想起”,把忘记的东西又想起来了,其动作包含有意识的努力,因此常与can,could等词连用,强调一次的回忆。
例如:
-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.(我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。
)
-IrememberherfacebutIcannotrecallwhereImether.(我记得她的脸,但是想不起在什么地方见过她。
)
remember“想起”,用处比较广泛,指事物自然在记忆中出现,不包含努力或意志。
例如:
-IsuddenlyrememberedIhadleftthebookinthelibrary.(我突然想起我把书忘在图书馆里了。
)
如果remember表示有意识的行动,常指“记住”。
例如:
-Youmustrememberthisphonenumber.(你必须记住这个电话号码。
)
remind指“使某人想起”,“提醒”,宾语是人。
具体用法如下:
1)接宾语;
2)接宾语+of+宾语;
3)接宾语+不定式;
4)接宾语+that-clause。
例如:
1)IfIforgetit,pleaseremindme.(如果我忘了,请提醒我。
)
2)Thisremindsmeoflastyear.(这使我想起去年的事。
)
3)RemindmetowritetomyMom.(提醒我给妈妈写信。
)
4)ThesightoftheclockremindedmethatIwaslate.(看到钟我想起自己迟到了。
)
argument:
n.
1)adisagreement;aquarrel
-Maryfoundthatcompromisewasalwaysthebestpolicywhenshehadanargumentwithherhusband.
2)areasongiventosupportordisprovesth.
-Therearemanyargumentsagainstsmoking.
-那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。
(Thefamousprofessorcanalwaysdrivehomeanargument.)
Collocation:
getintoanargument加入/卷入争论
breakoffanargument中断一场争论
terminateanargument结束一场争论
settleanargument解决一场争论
abitter/violent/heatedargument激烈的争论
putforward/offeranargument提出论点
confuteanargument驳倒一个论点
respectable:
(ofbehavior,appearance,etc.)sociallyacceptable
-It’snotrespectabletogetdrunkinthestreet.
-arespectablemarriedcouple,amanofrespectableappearance,childrenfromrespectablehomes
CF:
respectful:
Thestudentsarerespectfultotheteacher.
respected:
受人尊敬的
respectable:
一种受人尊敬的可能性,现实上未必respected
respective:
individual(Afterthepartyweallwentofftoourrespectiverooms)
respecting:
关于,至于(某事物)informationrespectingthechild’swhereabouts
putdown:
writedown
-管家把每天的开支记在小记事本上。
(Thehousekeeperputsdownthedailyexpensesinalittlenotebook.)
-Putdownwhatyouhear,please.
violate:
vt.actagainst
-Speedingindowntownareasviolatestrafficregulations.
-Acountryisn’trespectedifitviolatesaninternationalagreement.
compose:
vt.writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.)
-Thepresident’sspeechisreallybrilliant.Doyouthinkitwascomposedbyhimselforbysomeoneelse?
-JohnLennoncomposedthesongBeautifulBoyforhisson.
CF:
compose,consistof,comprise&constitute
这组动词的一般含义为“组成”或“构成”。
compose常见于被动语态,构成becomposedof的结构,表示“由…构成”;在用于主动语态时,一般包含着“融合为一”的意思,而且主语或者是复数名词或者是集体名词。
例如:
-Concreteiscomposedofcement,sandandgravelmixedwithwater.(混凝土由水泥、沙、石子与水掺和而成。
)
-England,ScotlandandWalescomposetheislandofGreatBritain.(英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。
)
consistof意为“由…构成”,强调结果是一个统一整体。
例如:
-NewYorkCityconsistsoffiveboroughs.(纽约市由五个行政区组成。
)
comprise可表示“由…构成”;也可表示“构成”。
例如:
-Thecommitteecomprisesmenofwidelydifferentviews.(这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。
)
-Fiftystatescomprise
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