全高考英语语法真题详解构词法.docx
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全高考英语语法真题详解构词法.docx
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全高考英语语法真题详解构词法
高考英语语法真题详解-构词法
[感悟高考]
单句语法填空
1.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof________(achieve).(2016·全国Ⅱ,62)
2.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthe________(develop)ofchopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ,48)
3.Chinesescientists________(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.(2016·四川,62)
4.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich________(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.(2016·全国Ⅲ,46)
答案 1.achievement 2.development 3.recently4.gradually
[考点清单]
考点一 派生法
规则❶形容词变副词的后缀
在形容词后加-ly可变成相应意义的副词
直接加-ly
extreme→extremely尤其,非常
stupid→stupidly傻地
改y为-ily
happy→happily快乐地
merry→merrily快乐地
去e加-ly
true→truly真地
规则❷ 形容词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
-age
short→shortage不足;短缺
-cy
efficient→efficiency效率;功效
accurate→accuracy准确性
-dom
free→freedom自由;自主
wise→wisdom明智;智慧
-ence
different→difference差异
silent→silence沉默
-ness
weak→weakness虚弱;弱点
careless→carelessness粗心大意
-th
strong→strength力气;强项
wide→width宽
-y
-ty
-ity
disable→disability无能;残疾
responsible→responsibility责任
规则❸动词变名词的后缀
后缀
例词
-al
approve→approval赞成;批准
arrive→arrival到来
-ance
appear→appearance出现;外貌
perform→performance表演;节目
-ence
exist→existence存在;生存
refer→reference参考;查阅
-ion
construct→construction建设
evaluate→evaluation评估
-ation
consider→consideration考虑
imagine→imagination想象力
-(s)sion
discuss→discussion讨论;辩论
admit→admission接纳;准许入学
-ing
hear→hearing听力;听觉
begin→beginning开始
-ment
argue→argument辩论;论据
equip→equipment设备
-ure
fail→failure失败;没做到
press→pressure压力
-ture
mix→mixture混合;混合物
depart→departure离开;出发
-y
recover→recovery恢复;痊愈
discover→discovery发现
其他
vary→variety多样化;种类
tend→tendency趋向;趋势
规则❹表示“人”的后缀
在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。
常见的表示“人”的后缀有:
后缀
例词
-er
village→villager村民
strange→stranger陌生人
-ar
lie→liar说谎者
-ee
employ→employee受雇者;雇员
interview→interviewee被面试者
-or
invent→inventor发明家
educate→educator教育家;教师
-ess
steward→stewardess女乘务员
host→hostess女主人;女主持人
-ese
China→Chinese中国人
Japan→Japanese日本人
-an
America→American美国人
Australia→Australian澳洲人
-ian
history→historian历史学家
politics→politician政治家;政客
-ist
special→specialist专家
tour→tourist旅行者;观光者
-ant
participate→participant参加者
assist→assistant助手;图书管理员
规则❺动词、名词变形容词的常见后缀
后缀
例词
-able
accept→acceptable可接受的
comfort→comfortable舒适的
-al
person→personal个人的;私人的
nature→natural自然的;天生的
-ful
hope→hopeful有希望的
peace→peaceful和平的
-ed
confuse→confused感到困惑的
bore→bored感到厌倦的
-ing
surprise→surprising令人惊讶的
convince→convincing令人信服的
-ible
access→accessible容易到达的;容易取得的
horror→horrible可怕的;恐怖的
-ive
effect→effective有效的;生效的
instruct→instructive有教育意义的
-ous
anxiety→anxious忧虑的
curiosity→curious好奇的
-some
tire→tiresome令人厌倦的
trouble→troublesome麻烦的
-y
taste→tasty美味的;可口的
wealth→wealthy富裕的;丰富的
dirt→dirty有灰尘的;脏的
-ern
east→eastern东方的;向东的
west→western西方的;向西的
-ish
fool→foolish愚蠢的;可笑的
self→selfish自私的
-ic
science→scientific科学的
history→historic历史上著名的
-ary
imagine→imaginary想象中的
规则❻表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀
前缀
例词
dis-
advantage→disadvantage缺点
comfort→discomfort不舒适
il-
legal→illegal不合法的
logical→illogical不合逻辑的
im-
patient→impatient不耐烦的
moral→immoral不道德的
in-
formal→informal非正式的
convenient→inconvenient不方便的
ir-
regular→irregular不规则的
responsible→irresponsible不负责任的
mis-
lead→mislead误导
understand→misunderstand误解
un-
willing→unwilling不愿意的
happy→unhappy不高兴的
后缀
例词
-less
hope→hopeless绝望的
care→careless粗心的
规则❼变动词的前缀和后缀
前缀
例词
en-
large→enlarge扩大
rich→enrich使充实;使丰富
后缀
例词
-en
broad→broaden使变宽
hard→harden使变硬
-ify
class→classify把……分类
beauty→beautify美化
-ize
apology→apologize道歉
emphasis→emphasize强调
考点二 转化法
不改变词形,把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。
动词→名词
walk→takeawalk散步
swim→haveaswim游泳
名词→动词
bookn.→v.预订
milkn.→v.挤奶
形容词→动词
slowadj.→v.减慢
narrowadj.→v.使变窄;(差距等)缩小
形容词↔副词
hardadj.困难的↔adv.努力地
highadj.高的↔adv.高
deepadj.深的↔adv.深
wideadj.宽的↔adv.广阔地
[针对训练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis________(use).
2.________(curious),Igavehimmyfullattention.
3.However,MareVanRijsselberg,afarmerintheNetherlandsisnowusinga________(mix)ofseaandfreshwatertogrowhealthyandtastyvegetables.
4.Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't________(possible)destroyavillage.
5.JustimaginehowterriblyshyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatwithsomanyeyesfixeduponme.Ihadnoother________(choose),though.
6.Thatlittleactof________(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood—butitmademefeelthebestofall!
7.Hesankinto________(depress)whenbothhisparentslefthimandwenttothesouthinsearchofabetter-paidjob.
8.Severaldayslater,outofmy________(expect),IsawitquietlystandinacornerofthehousewhereIworked.Iwasextremelygladtoregainit.
9.AsfarasIamconcerned,my________(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese-Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.
10.Inaddition,therewerenoclaimsagainstthe________(lose)of50coinsandIorderthegirlandhisfathertotakethose50coinsasappreciationfortheirhonesty!
答案 1.useless 2.Curiously 3.mixture 4.possibly5.choice 6.kindness 7.depression 8.expectation9.suggestion 10.loss
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅1处错误)
1.Theteachersherearekindandhelpfully.
2.DadandIwereterribleworried.
3.Ontheleft-handsideoftheclass,Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.
4.Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.
5.Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost!
6.TheEmperoropenedhiseyeswidelybutstillsawnothing.
7.Nooneinthecarriagehadpreviousspokentoorevennoticedtheticket-ownerbefore.
8.Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.
9.Ifoundthetestdifficult,butItriedhardlytodoit.
10.Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour,Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.
答案 1.helpfully→helpful 2.terrible→terribly3.easy→easily 4.taste→tasty 5.wonderfully→wonderful 6.widely→wide 7.previous→previously
8.closely→close 9.hardly→hard 10.impatiently→impatient
Ⅲ.语篇填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Thespeechseemedtobe__1__(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery__2__(patient).Whenthe__3__(speak)saidthatoilwasnon-renewableandthatthebestwayto__4__(solution)theproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusesbuttoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas__5__(practice)and__6__(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They__7__(believe)thattheworldwouldgo__8__(smooth)withoutthesemodern__9__(transport).Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas__10__(responsible)tomakesucha__11__(state)withoutthinkingit__12__(careful)andhisspeechwouldcausesome__13__(understand).Somostofthe__14__(listen)chosetoleave,shoutingloudlyand__15__(angry).
答案 1.nonstop 2.impatient 3.speaker 4.solve 5.impractical 6.unbearable 7.disbelieved 8.smoothly 9.transportations 10.irresponsible 11.statement
12.carefully 13.misunderstandings 14.listeners15.angrily
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