北师大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类I卷.docx
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北师大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类I卷.docx
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北师大版备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解科普环保类I卷
北师大版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解(科普环保类)(I)卷
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一、阅读理解(共5题;共52分)
1.(10分)(2019·桐乡模拟)阅读理解
Eachyearmorethan2,500peopledieand12,600areinjuredinhomefiresjustintheUnitedStates,withdirectproperty(财产)lossbecauseofhomefiresatabout$7.3billioneveryyear.EverydayAmericansexperiencetilehorror(惨状)offires,butmostpeopledon'tunderstandfires.
Toprotectyourself,itisimportanttolearnsomethingabouthomefires.
Inlessthan30secondsasmallflamecangetcompletelyoutofcontrolandturnintoamajorfire.Itonlytakesminutesforthickblacksmoketofillahouseorforittobeinflames.Mostdeadlyfiresoccurinthehomewhenpeopleareasleep,lfyourealizeafire,youwon'thavetimetotakevaluablesbecausethefirespreadstooquicklyandthesmokeistoothick.Thefireusesuptheoxygenyouneedandproducessmokeandpoisonous(有毒的)gasesthatkill.Breathingevensmallamountsofsmokeandtoxicgasescanmakeyoutiredandsleepy,andshortofbreath.Thesmokecancauseyoutobeadeepsleeperbeforetheflamesreachyourdoor.Youmaynotwakeupintimetoescape.
Roomtemperaturesinafirecanbe100degreesatfloorlevelandriseto600degreesateyelevel.Breathinginthissuper-hotairwillburnyourlungs.Itcanmeltclothestoyourskin.Infiveminutes,amomcangetsohotthateverythinginitstartstoburnatonce.
Firesarebrightatfirst,butquicklyproduceblacksmokeandcompletedarkness.Ifyouwakeuptoafireyoumaybeblinded,confusedaboutwhereyouareorwhichdirectionyoushouldgoinandunabletofindyourwayaroundthehomeyou'velivedinforyears.
Onlywhenweknowthetruenatureoffirescanweprepareourfamiliesandourselves.
(1)Howdoesthefirstparagraphdevelop?
A.Bylistingreasons.
B.Bygivingexamples.
C.Byexpressingopinions.
D.Byraisingquestions.
(2)Howdoesblacksmoketroubleus?
A.Causingustofeelhopeless.
B.Makingourfacesturnblack.
C.Gettingustoloseourways.
D.Forcingustowalkaroundthehome.
(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?
A.Differentprocessesofhomefires.
B.Somebasicknowledgeofhomefires.
C.Somegoodwaystopreventhomefires.
D.GreatdamageofhomefiresintheUSA
2.(12分)(2019·瓯海模拟)阅读理解
Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitintothehand?
Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothshowedfoldablephones,TheGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.
Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinunusualways.Thesedevices,duetotheirfoldablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Atthesametime,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".
Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevicestoo.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmoderncities,theywillhelpustomakefulluseofavailablespace.
Inakeynotespeech,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sapieceofwhitepaperforustopaintsomethingbeautifulontogether,"hesaid.
Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?
AccordingtotechnologynewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplays*weredifficulttoproduce.Atpresent,thesefoldabledevicescosttoomuch.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.
Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.
PatrickMoorhead,anindustryexperttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."
(1)Paragraphs3and4aremainlyabout_________.
A.argumentsonthefoldablescreen.
B.shapesoffoldablescreensinthefuture.
C.possibleadvantagesofthefoldablescreen.
D.popularfoldablescreendevicesonthemarket.
(2)WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?
A.Thefoldablescreenhasgreatfuture.
B.TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.
C.Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.
D.Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephones.
(3)Nowthefoldablemobilesarenotwidelyusedbecause________.
A.thescreensmayfailtoworkproperly.
B.theyarenotasusefulaspeoplethought.
C.theyaretooexpensiveformostpeople.
D.theybreakmoreeasilythanordinaryphones.
(4)Theauthor'sattitudeofthefutureofthefoldablescreenis_________.
A.worried
B.positive
C.negative
D.uncertain
3.(10分) Doyouknowwhyyousleep?
Youmaythinkit'sbecauseyou'retired.Orperhapsyou'vebeentoldsleepisgoodforyou.Yetnooneknowsexactlywhyorhowpeoplesleep.
Untiltheearly1950s,mostscientiststhoughtthebodyandbrainrestedduringsleep.Thenascientistwatchedpeoplesleep.Henoticedthatduringperiodsofbetween5and30minuteseach,sleepers'eyesmaderapidmovements,asiftheywerewatchingsomething.HecalledtheseperiodsREMsleep,forRapidEyeMovement.Periodswhensleepers'eyesdidnotmovehecallednon-REMsleep.
WheneverthescientistwokepeopleduringREMsleep,theywerehavingvividdreams.Measurementsshowedthatsleepers'pulses(脉搏)wentupquicklyduringREMsleep.Theirbreathing,heartbeat,andthebloodgoingtothebrainalsoincreased.Farfrombeingatimeofrest,REMsleepisatimewhenthebodyishardatwork.Scientistsstilldon'tknowthereasonforthis.SomebelieveREMsleepmakeslearningeasier.BabiesspendalotoftimeinREMsleep.Becauseofthis,somescientistsbelievethatREMsleephelpsthebraingrow.OthersthinkREMsleepisatimeforthebraintoemptytheday'sgarbage.
Onethingallthescientistsagreeonisthatsleepisnecessary.Withoutenoughsleep,peoplemakemistakes.Mostmajorcaraccidentshappenduringtheearlymorninghours,whenpeoplearesleepiest.
(1)
DuringREMsleep,aperson'sbreathingandheartbeat________.
A.stop
B.increase
C.decrease
D.staythesame
(2)
Whichwordinparagraph(段落)3means“colorfulandlively”?
A.easier.
B.empty.
C.vivid.
D.quickly.
(3)
Whichparagraphtellswhathappenswhenpeopledon'tgetenoughsleep?
A.1.
B.2.
C.3.
D.4.
(4)
Whatisthemainideaofthearticle?
A.REMsleephelpsthebraingrow.
B.REMsleephasbeenwatchedandrecordedbyscientists.
C.REMsleepisatimetoemptytheday'sgarbage.
D.REMsleepisanactivetimewhenthebodyishardatwork.
(5)
YoucandecidefromthearticlethatREMsleep________.
A.hasarestfuleffectonpeople
B.canbeavoidedwithlotsofsleep
C.issomethingthatallpeopleexperience
D.issomethingthatallscientistsagreeon
4.(10分) Happinessisimportantforeveryone.Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness.Moneyandsuccessdon’tbringlastinghappiness.Happinessdependsonourselves.Inotherwords,wemakeourownhappiness.
Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy,theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant,whichmeanshappiness.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness.Inthisway,youhavenotonlymoney,butalsomanyotherthingswhichcan’tbeboughtbymoney.However,otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness,norisholdingahighpositioninthegovernment.Thesepeoplevalue(重视 )theirbeliefs,ortheirintelligence,ortheirhealth.Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy.
Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier.
Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife.Toooften,wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture,forexample,gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjob,thatwedon’tenjoythepresent.Youshouldenjoylife’ssimplepleasures,suchasreadingagoodbook,listeningtoyourfavoritemusic,orspendingtimewithclosefriends.Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives.
Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive.Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports.Peoplecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities.
Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.Accordingtostudies,peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople.Ifyouwanttofeelhappier,dosomethingniceforsomeone.Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies,goshoppingtogetfoodforanoldneighbor,orsimplyhelparoundthehouse.
Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness!
(1)
Theunderlinedword“wealthy”means“ ”inthearticle.
A.pleased
B.healthy
C.excited
D.rich
(2)
Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan_______.
A.getmoneyandsomethingtheycan’tbuywithmoney
B.dowhattheywanttodoatanytime
C.enjoyhealthwhichmakesthemworkhard
D.takeanactivepartinallkindsofactivitieseveryday
(3)
Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople_______.
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